虛擬語(yǔ)氣練習(xí)題集(附答案解析)bd

1、高中英語(yǔ)虛擬語(yǔ)氣練習(xí)題【重點(diǎn)歸納】一、虛擬條件句的類(lèi)別虛擬條件句可分為三類(lèi)：一類(lèi)是敘述與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的情況；一類(lèi)是敘述與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的情況；另一類(lèi)是敘述與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的情況。其主句和從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成如下：1 .與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反條件從句用過(guò)去時(shí)(be動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式一律用 were),主句用 would (should/ might / could ) +動(dòng)詞原形”。如：If I were you, I would accept the invitation to the party.如果我是你的話，我將接受去舞會(huì)的邀請(qǐng)。If I knew her well, I would tell you ab

2、out her.如果我很了解她的話，我將告訴你關(guān)于她的事情。2 .與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反條件從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，主句用“ would/should/ might / could + have + 過(guò)去分詞”，如：If you had been there last night, nothing would have happened.如果你昨天晚上在那兒的話，就沒(méi)有什么事情發(fā)生了。If I had got up earlier, I would have caught the first bus.如果我起得更早一些的話，就趕上頭班車(chē)了。3 .與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反條件從句用過(guò)去時(shí)或者“were to +動(dòng)詞原形

3、”或者should+動(dòng)詞原形”，主句用would (should/ might / could) +動(dòng)詞原形”,如:If it were Saturday tomorrow, we wouldn 't have an exam.如果明天是周六的話，我們就不考試了。If you were to visit the school tomorrow, you would see Professor Smith.如果你明天去參觀學(xué)校的話，你就會(huì)看到史密斯教授。If it should rain tomorrow, the sports meet would be put off until n

4、ext Friday.如果明天下雨的話，運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)將被推遲到下周五舉行?！咎貏e提示】在虛擬條件句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞按照“后退一步法”使用，即：與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，從句中用一般過(guò)去時(shí)；與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，從句中用過(guò)去完成時(shí)；與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反，從句中用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。二、虛擬條件句中的省略與倒裝如果if虛擬條件句中有were, had,或者should等詞時(shí)，可以省略if,把這些詞放在主語(yǔ)前，形成倒裝句。如：If I should meet her (Should I meet her), I would tell her.如果我遇見(jiàn)她的話，我就告訴她。If I were in your position (Were I

5、 in your position), I would do it better.如果我在你的位置上，我會(huì)做得更好。If they had made preparations (Had they made preparations), they would have succeeded.如果他們做了準(zhǔn)備的話，他們就已經(jīng)成功了?！局攸c(diǎn)歸納】1 .錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句：有時(shí)在非真實(shí)條件句中，主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作和條件從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作并不同時(shí)發(fā)生，這時(shí)主句和從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要根據(jù)各自所指的不同時(shí)間選用適當(dāng)?shù)奶摂M語(yǔ)氣形式。如：Had I taken my umbrella with me whe

6、n I came out this morning, I should not be wet now.如果我今天早上出來(lái)的時(shí)候帶著傘的話，現(xiàn)在就不會(huì)淋濕了。（從句說(shuō)的是過(guò)去的事情，而主句說(shuō)的是現(xiàn)在的事情）If you had followed the doctor 's advice, you would be all right now.如果你（那時(shí)）聽(tīng)從我的建議的話，現(xiàn)在就不會(huì)有事了。（從句說(shuō)的是過(guò)去的事情，而主句說(shuō)的是現(xiàn)在的事情）If I hadn't finished my composition by now, I would be working on it tom

7、orrow.如果到現(xiàn)在為止我還沒(méi)有完成作文的話，我明天還要接著寫(xiě)。（從句說(shuō)的是現(xiàn)在的事情，而主句說(shuō)的是將來(lái)的事情）2 .含蓄虛擬條件句：有時(shí)一個(gè)假設(shè)的情況并不用條件從句表示，而用其它方式來(lái)表示，這樣的句子叫含蓄條件句。主要有以下幾種情況。1）用with, without , but for等介詞短語(yǔ)來(lái)替代條件從句，它們都可以轉(zhuǎn)換成由if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句。如：We might have died without your help. =We might have died if you hadn't helped us.如果（那時(shí)）沒(méi)有你們的幫助，我們可能已經(jīng)死了。Without the

8、 sun, nothing would grow. = If there was no the sun, nothing would grow.沒(méi)有太陽(yáng)，萬(wàn)物都不能生長(zhǎng)。2 ） 用 or, otherwise, but that, suppose/ supposing （that）, provided / providing （that）等弓I導(dǎo)的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。如：You didn't come yesterday, or you would have seen him.你昨天沒(méi)有來(lái)，否則的話，你就已經(jīng)看到他了。I was very busy last week, otherwise I

9、would have come to see you.我上周很忙，否則的話，我就來(lái)看你了。Supposing I was still a little child, I would study hard from now on.假如我還是一個(gè)小孩子的話，我將從現(xiàn)在開(kāi)始努力學(xué)習(xí)。3）通過(guò)上下文來(lái)表示虛擬：這種情況下，需要加以分析。I would have given you more money, but I was so poor then.我（那時(shí)如果有錢(qián)的話）就可以給你更多的錢(qián)了，但是我當(dāng)時(shí)太窮了。I would have called you, but I forgot your tel

10、ephone number.我本來(lái)可以給你打電話，但是我（那時(shí)）忘了你的電話號(hào)碼。Having known the fact in time, we couldn't have said that. = If we had known the fact in time, wecouldn't have said that.如果我們（那時(shí)）及時(shí)知道事實(shí)的話，就不會(huì)說(shuō)那件事了。Any man in his position would have done that.處于他那個(gè)位置的任何人都會(huì)那樣做的。4）由should +動(dòng)詞原形或者should/could/might have

11、+ 過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。種情況下，虛擬條件句經(jīng)常省略，而只剩下主句結(jié)構(gòu)，如：I should have told you that, but I was afraid that you couldn 't accept the fact.我本應(yīng)該告訴你那件事，但我擔(dān)心你不能接受這個(gè)事實(shí)。Tom, you are so lazy! This work should have been finished hours ago.湯姆，你太懶了！這個(gè)工作本應(yīng)該幾個(gè)小時(shí)之前完成。3 .在if it were/had been not for 句型中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣If it were not for

12、，表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在事實(shí)的假設(shè)；If it had not been for，表示對(duì)過(guò)去事實(shí)的假設(shè)。If it were not for the Internet, everything would be very difficult.要不是互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，一切都會(huì)變得很難。Had it not been for your overcoat, I would have died.要不是你那件大衣，我就被凍死了。【經(jīng)典例題】1. If my lawyer here last Saturday, he me from going.A. had been; would have prevented B. had b

13、een; would preventC. were; would prevent D. were; would have prevented2. If I had worn my overcoat, I cold.A. won't have caught B .couldn 't have caughtC. won't catchD. wouldn 't catch3. If he, he that food. Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.A. was warned; would not tak

14、e B. had been warned; would not have takenC. would be warned; had not taken D. would have been warned; had not taken4. I didn't see your sister at the meeting. If she, she would have met my brother.A. has comeB. did come C. cameD. had come【答案與解析】1. A.本題考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。因?yàn)閺木浔硎九c過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，故從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，而 主句謂

15、語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用 would have +過(guò)去分詞形式。2. B.本題考查虛擬條件句中主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的使用。因?yàn)閺木溆昧诉^(guò)去完成時(shí)，可知主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用 would / could have +過(guò)去分詞形式。根據(jù)句意，可知選 B。3. B.根據(jù)答語(yǔ)，可知本題考查與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。故從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，而主句 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用would have +過(guò)去分詞形式。4. D.根據(jù)句意“在會(huì)上我沒(méi)有看到你的姐姐。如果她來(lái)的話，她就見(jiàn)到我哥哥了”可知，這是考查對(duì) 過(guò)去事實(shí)的虛擬。主句用could have done ,故從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。Grammar work語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)練動(dòng)詞變形用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)

16、形式填空。1. ? If the factory(belong) to me, I(not sell) it. But it isn't yours.2. 一 If you(keep) the secret, nobody(know) it.I'm sorry for making such a mistake.3. If the weather were to be (be) fine tomorrow, I(go) for an outing with my parents.4. (be) I you, I would think about this problem on

17、ce again.5. (have) I had time last night, I(go) to see this wonderful film.完成句子根據(jù)中文提示完成下列各句。1 .如果你年輕五歲，你該怎么辦？What you, if you five years younger?2 .如果你開(kāi)車(chē)更小心一點(diǎn)，就不會(huì)出這樣的事故。If you your car more carefully, such a traffic accident3 .如果明天下霧，我就不能開(kāi)車(chē)去購(gòu)物If it foggy tomorrow, I my car to go shopping.4 .如果明天天氣轉(zhuǎn)晴

18、，我們就去野餐。If it clear up tomorrow, we for a picnic.5 .如果我是一個(gè)男孩，我當(dāng)然會(huì)去參軍。If I a boy, I certainly join the army.6 .如果你是我兄弟，你也會(huì)一樣對(duì)我。If you my brother, you treat me in the same way.7 .如果我有你這樣的姐姐會(huì)非常幸福的。I very happy, if I an elder sister like you.8 .如果我撿到了那只錢(qián)包，一定交給失主了。If I up the wallet, I it to its owner.9

19、.萬(wàn)一明天下大雪，一切都將被改變。If it snow heavily tomorrow, everything be changed.10 .如果你那天沒(méi)有抽煙，火災(zāi)就不會(huì)發(fā)生。If you that day, the fire out.Grammar quiz語(yǔ)法小測(cè)測(cè)一測(cè)選擇最佳答案。1. He you more help, even though he was very busy.A. might have given B. might giveC. should giveD. may give2. What would have happened as far as the rive

20、r bank?A. Bob had walked B. if Bob should walkC. had Bob walkedD. if Bob walked3.1 in your position, I would not accept the invitation.A. Was B. Were C. Be D. Am4. If my father here the day after tomorrow, he me at all.A. came, can 't see B comes, couldn 't seeC. comes, couldn 't have se

21、en D. came, couldn 't see5. If it to snow next week, I would not go to visit that mountain village.A. is B. be C. were D. are6. If it rain this evening, I would not go to see this American film.A. would B. should C. could D. might7 .asked to do this, I would certainly do it in a different way.A.

22、 Were I B. Am I C. If I am D. Was I8 . If he could help us, I am sure he. He 's always ready to help others.A. should B. had C. would have D. did9 .her in time, she would have jumped into the river.A. If I stopped B. Did I stopC. If I didn 't stopD. If I hadn 't stopped10. If I ten years

23、 younger, I out to try my luck.A. am, would go B. was, will go C. were, would go D. were, would have gone11. If you my advice, you such a serious mistake.A. followed, can 't make B. followed, couldn 't have madeC. had followed, couldn 't make D. had followed, couldn 't have made12. I

24、f I that crowded bus yesterday morning, I my purse with a lot of money in it.A. didn't take, couldn 't lose B. hadn 't taken, wouldn 't have lostC. hadn't taken, couldn 't lose D. didn 't take, can 't have lost語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)練（One possible version）動(dòng)詞變形1. belonged; wouldn 't s

25、ell 2. had kept; would have known 3. would go 4. Were 5. Had; would have gone完成句子1. would; do; were 2. had driven; couldn 't have happened 3. were; couldn 't drive 4. were to; would go5. were; would 6. were; would 7. would be; had 8. had picked; would have returned 9. should; would10. hadn&#

26、39;t smoked; wouldn 't have broken語(yǔ)法小測(cè)測(cè)一測(cè) 1-5 ACBDC 6-10 BACDC 11-12 DB虛擬語(yǔ)氣（二）虛擬條件句的一些特殊用法【考點(diǎn)導(dǎo)航】1. My cat s really fat.（2007 浙江）You have given her so much food.A. wouldn 't B .couldn 't C. shouldn 't D. mustn 't2. How's your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful?（2007 全

27、國(guó)卷 I） It be, but it is now heavily polluted.A. willB. wouldC. should D. must3. I told your friend how to get to the hotel, but perhaps I have driven her there.（2007陜西）A. couldB. must C. mightD. should【答案與解析】1. Co shouldn t have done表示“本來(lái)不應(yīng)該做某事而實(shí)際做了”。2. Co根據(jù)句意，“本來(lái)這個(gè)湖應(yīng)該是很漂亮的，但是現(xiàn)在被嚴(yán)重污染了"可知選 Co sho

28、uld在這里表 示“本來(lái)應(yīng)該，暗含著實(shí)際上不”之意。3. Do should have done表示“本應(yīng)該做某事而實(shí)際上未做”，本句意為：“我告訴你朋友該怎么到達(dá)旅 館了，但是也許我應(yīng)該開(kāi)車(chē)把她送到那兒去”。Grammar work語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)練選擇最佳答案。1 .the thick forest, we would often have to suffer from a sandstorm.A. If it is not for B. If it were not for C Is it not forD. Was it not for2 .your offer of rice and vege

29、tables, we would have gone hungry.A. If it hasn 't been for B. WithC. Has it not been for D. Had it not been for3.your timely and correct guidance, I couldn't have solved the problem so smoothly.A. Had it not been for B. Were it not forC. If it has not been for D. If it is not for4. Jane wou

30、ld have gone to Washington to get a plane ticket.A. was she able B. if she had been able C. would she be able D. if she is ableA. Were it not B. If it is not5. for her encouragement, I would not have paid for that good-for-nothing huge vase.C. Had it not been D. If they were not6. If I a lot of mone

31、y like you, I buy that large company.A. had, would buy B. have, wouldC. had, would have bought D. have had, would have bought7. If she my English teacher, I much from her.A. was, can learn B .is, could learn C. were, could learn D. had been, could learn8. If I out to work last year, I much more mone

32、y.A. had gone, would make B. had gone, would have madeC. went, would make D. went, would have made9. I supported him in time, otherwise he off the bike.A. might fall B. would fall C. should have fallen D. would have fallen10. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I in love with

33、 Mary in myhometown.A. wouldn 't have fallen B. had not fallen C. should fall D. were to fall11. Without the air to hold some of the sun s heat, the earth at night.A. would be freezing cold B. will be freezing coldlyC. would be frozen cold D. can freeze coldly12. Why don 't you buy the neckl

34、ace since you like it so much?I, but I don't have the money.A. would B. will C. should D. may13. Finally I got to my grandmother 's home on foot.Really? You a ride there.A. must have taken B. could have takenC. shouldn 't have taken D. couldn 't have taken14. If I had worked harder a

35、t school, I in a comfortable office now.A. would sitB. would have satC. would be sitting D. were sitting15. My father told me how to get here but perhaps he me a map.A. had to giveB. ought to give C. must have given D. should have givenGrammar quiz語(yǔ)法小測(cè)1 .請(qǐng)將下列句子翻譯成英語(yǔ)。2 .要不是你幫忙的話，我會(huì)失敗的。.3 .如果不是兩次考大學(xué)都失

36、敗的話，他也不會(huì)一聲不吭地離家出走。.4 .如果不是你及時(shí)的支持，我就會(huì)輸?shù)暨@次大選。.5 .沒(méi)有這本雜志，我們打發(fā)時(shí)光就很難。.II.根據(jù)上下文的意思，完成句子。1. If it （要不是） your mobile phone, I couldn 't have got in touch with her.2. I was really very busy that day, otherwise, I（ 就去參加舞會(huì)了）.3. （要不是天氣好的話），I couldn t go climbing that day.4. Providing that I had finished the

37、 report two days before, I（就不會(huì)被開(kāi)除了）now.第16期B3版Keys:語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)練1-5 BDABC 6-10 ACBDB 11-15 AABCD語(yǔ)法小測(cè)1. (One possible version)2. But for your help, I would have failed.3. Not having failed in the college entrance examination twice, he wouldn 't have left home without saying a word.4. If it had not been fo

38、r your timely support, I would have failed in the election.5. Were it not for this magazine, it would be difficult for us to kill the time.II. (One possible version)1. hadn't been for 2. would have gone to the party 3. But for the fine weather 4. wouldn't be fired虛擬語(yǔ)氣（一）1 The boy acted he ha

39、d never lived in Canada beforeA as though B even if C as D since2 to the doctor right away, he might have been aliveA If he went B Were he gone C Should he have gone D Had he gone3 If you were older, I you to go there yesterdayA will allow B should allow C would have allowed D had allowedD bring4 Th

40、e secretary suggested that they the men in at onceA had brought B should have brought C brought5 I wish I able to tell him all about it last nightA was B were C had been D should beA arrived/would catchC had arrived/had caught6 If we here ten minutes earlier, we the busB arrived/would have caughtD h

41、ad arrived/would have caught7 If I more time, I would have gone with himA had B had had C have had D would have8 He was very busy yesterday, otherwise he to the meetingA would come B came C would have come D had come9 The Jade Emperor ordered that the Monkey King right awayA would be arrestedB must

42、be arrestedC be arrestedD had to be arrested10 Jane's uncle insisted in this hotel any longerA not staying B not to stay C that he not stay D staying not11 Don't touch the sleeping tiger If he woke up, he youA would come toB would come atC would have come towardD will come to12 Without elect

43、ricity human life quite different todayA is B will be C would have been D would be13 How I wish I to repair the watch! I only made it worseA had tried B hadn't tried C have tried D didn't try14 He demanded that the laboratory report immediately after the experiment was doneA was written B be

44、 written C must be written D would be written15 The man insisted that he thereA should send B would be sent C sentD be sent16 If he had not gone out in the stormA he will be alive now B he would be alive nowC he would have been alive now1718192021222324252627If it tomorrow, what would we do?A rainsB

45、 were to rainIt is required that you at sixA will arriveB arriveC would rainC arrivedD rainD would arriveIf only I how to operate an electronic computer as you doA had known B would know C should know D knewHe spoke in a quiet, distinct voice, as though his thoughtA was far away B had been far away

46、C were far away D went far awayIf it rain, weget wetA is to, shouldB were to, wouldC were going to, would D was going to, shouldIf he to the teacher attentively, he the answer to the problem nowA had listened, would have known B listened, would knowC listened, would have knownD had listened, would k

47、nowBut for the party, he of hunger 30 years agoA would have died B would die C must have died D must die today, he would get there for holidayA Was he leaving B Were he to leave C Would he leave D If he leavesI would have come earlier, but I that you were waiting for meA didn t know B hadn't kno

48、w C would have known D haven t. knownIt s high time that we to schoolA would to B went C go D will goIt seems as if it rain2829303132333435363738Awill toBis going to C is to D were goingtoI d rather youright awayAleaveBleft C will leaveD to leaveHe is working hard for fear that heA fails B failed C

49、would fail D failIt is really strange that the girl so earlyA has been married B has married C be married D would marrySupposing I this gift, what would he say?A accept B accepted C should accept D would acceptThe teacher agreed to the suggestion that the students two weeks to prepare for the examA

50、give B should give C be given D would be givenI was busy yesterday, otherwise I your birthday partyA attended B had attended C would attend D would have attendedHe insisted that he me beforeA see B should see C had seen D sawThe two strangers talked as if they friends for yearsA were B would be C ha

51、ve been D had beenWe our lives had it not been for the policemanA would have lost B should lose C might lose D could have lost-I thought you would come back tomorrow-I would if I to attend a meetingA don t have B didn't haveC will not have D would not haveHe wishes mistakes3940414243444546474849

52、A he doesn t always makeB he isn t always makingC he didn t always makeD he wouldn t always makingIt very nice if only it were possibleA will be B would be C is D wereWithout your help, our team the last matchA won t win B will lose C wouldn t have won D can t winIwish I what to doA knew B have know

53、n C know D would know, I would take an umbrella with meA Had I been you B I were you C Were I you D I had been youIf I had hurried, I the trainA would catch B could catch C would have caught D had caughtHe insisted that John itA do B does C did D would doIt is high time we offA are B were C be D wil

54、l beHe felt as if he more time to study for the testA needs B were needed C needed D needIt is important that I with Mr Williams immediatelyA speak B spoke C will speak D to speakJames wishes he the football game instead of the filmA saw B see C had been seen D had seenI wish5051525354555657585960A

55、he left B he leaves me alone C he be left Dhe would leave me aloneIf I had known that, I soA wouldn't do B wouldn t have done C won t do D have not doneThe doctor suggested that sheA will not smoke B not smoke C would not smoke D did not smokeIf I you, I wouldn t return the callA be B am C was D

56、 wereYou talk as if you thereA were really B has really been C had really been D would really beHe suggested that the work at onceA would started Bwould be started Cshould started D should be startedIt is strange that such a thing in your schoolA will happen B happens C should happen D happenedIt is

57、 imperative that you on timeA areB will be C be D would beI didn t go to the party, but I do wish I thereA was B were C had been D wentIt is time we up our resultsA sum B summed C will sum D would sumIf the doctor had been available, the childA would not dieB would not have diedC could not dieD could not have diedDr Bethune worked hard as if heA never had felt tired B had never felt tiredC never felt tired D was tired never61 I