高中英語(yǔ)必修四

1、B4 unit2一 重點(diǎn)單詞1. hunger(n.& v)饑餓，欲望；(使)饑餓【拓展】hungry adj.饑餓的；渴望的If crops are destroyed, thousands of people may go hungry.2. sunburnt (adj.) 曬黑的3. expand (vt.& vi.) 伸展，使變大【拓展】(1)expand into把擴(kuò)展(發(fā)展、膨脹) expand on/upon闡述，詳談(2)expansion n擴(kuò)大，擴(kuò)張，擴(kuò)展 expansive adj.廣闊的，易擴(kuò)張的，易膨脹的【辨析】expand, extend, spre

2、ad, stretchexpand“展開(kāi)，擴(kuò)大”，不僅尺寸的增加，還可指范圍和體積的擴(kuò)大。extend“伸出，延伸”，指空間范圍的擴(kuò)大，以及長(zhǎng)度、寬度的朝外延伸，也可指時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng)。spread“伸展，傳播”，一般指向四面八方擴(kuò)大傳播的范圍，如疾病傳播，散布信息等。stretch“伸展，拉長(zhǎng)”，一般指由曲變直、由短變長(zhǎng)的伸展，不是加長(zhǎng)。4. freedom (n.) 自主，自由5. export (vt.& vi.) 輸出，出口6. chemical (adj.) 化學(xué)的【常用搭配】the chemical industry化學(xué)工業(yè) chemical weapon化學(xué)武器【拓展】chem

3、ist n.藥劑師；化學(xué)家 chemistry n. 化學(xué)chemistry teacher化學(xué)老師7. confuse (vt.) 使迷惑，使為難(1) confuse A and (with)B把A和B混淆了 be/get confused with對(duì)感到困惑confused adj.迷亂的，感到迷惑的confusing adj.難以理解的，不清楚的，莫名其妙的(2)confuse指“使混亂，糊涂”，強(qiáng)調(diào)使人混淆而迷亂。puzzle是“使迷惑”，多指某一復(fù)雜的事件或困難的問(wèn)題“使迷惑”。8. mineral (n.) 礦物，礦石9. reduce (vt.) 減少，減縮【拓展】(常用于被動(dòng)

4、語(yǔ)態(tài))(1)reduce sth.to.減少到 reduce sth.by.減少了(2)reduction n縮小；減少make a reduction減價(jià)10. level (n.) 水平，程度11. whatever (adv.) 無(wú)論什么12. summary (n.) 摘要，總結(jié)，概要13. exchange (v.) 交換14. certain (adj.) 確定的15. output (n.) 產(chǎn)量，輸出16. circulate (vt.& vi.) 循環(huán)，流傳【常用搭配】circulate about在附近流傳 circulate among在中流傳【拓展】circul

5、ation n. 流通；循環(huán)；發(fā)行量in circulation 在流通；在運(yùn)行out of circulation（書(shū)、貨幣等）不再發(fā)行putinto circulation使流通（發(fā)行）17. struggle (vt.& vi.) 斗爭(zhēng)；拼搏，努力【常用搭配】struggle for sth. 為爭(zhēng)取而斗爭(zhēng)/奮 struggle against為反對(duì).而斗爭(zhēng) struggle to do sth.努力做某事 struggle to ones feet掙扎著站起來(lái)18. grain (n.) 谷物，糧食，顆粒19.suitable(adj.) 合適的20.equip (vt.&am

6、p; vi.) 裝備，配備(1)be equipped with.equip.with.用裝備equip sth.on.在上裝備某物to be specially equipped裝備獨(dú)特equip sb.for.使某人具有 be well/poorly equipped裝備精良地/差地(2)equipment nU設(shè)備，器材a useful piece of equipment for.一件有用的設(shè)備21. super adj. 特級(jí)的；超級(jí)的；極好的【拓展】super star 超級(jí)明星super model超級(jí)模特super power超級(jí)大國(guó)22. regret vt.遺憾；惋惜n遺憾

7、；懊悔【常用搭配】(1)regret doing sth.后悔做了某事regret to do sth.(常和tell，say，inform等詞連用)對(duì)將要做某事表示遺憾regret that. 遺憾(2)with great/deep regret很遺憾（much）to ones regret讓某人感到(很)遺憾的是It is to be regretted that. 使人遺憾的是【拓展】remember to do sth.記得去做某事remember doing sth記得做過(guò)某事mean to do sth. 打算做某事mean doing sth.意味著做某事try to do s

8、th. 盡力做某事try doing sth. 試著做某事23.production n. 生產(chǎn)；產(chǎn)量；制造【常用搭配】production costs/process 生產(chǎn)成本/過(guò)程 go into (full) production 開(kāi)始（大量）生產(chǎn)/投產(chǎn)【辨析】production, product, produceproduction作不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)指生產(chǎn)過(guò)程，通常是在人的幫助下或在工廠中進(jìn)行；作可數(shù)名詞時(shí)指供劇院、電視臺(tái)或廣播臺(tái)等上演或播放的戲劇、電影等。product作可數(shù)名詞時(shí)常指工廠制造的用來(lái)出售的產(chǎn)品，或用來(lái)出售的自然產(chǎn)物，如木材、煤等。produce作不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)指銷(xiāo)售時(shí)未經(jīng)

9、多大改變的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品。Demand for products like coal and steel is declining.Local people come to the market each day to sell their produce.ment n.議論；評(píng)論 v.表達(dá)意見(jiàn)；作出評(píng)論【常用搭配】make comments 表達(dá)意見(jiàn)；評(píng)論 comment on/upon就表達(dá)意見(jiàn)/作出評(píng)論一 重點(diǎn)詞組1. rid.of擺脫；除去【拓展】get/be rid of免除；擺脫 rob sb.of sth.搶劫某人某物remind sb.of sth.提醒某人某事 inform sb.o

10、f sth.通知某人某事cure sb.of a disease醫(yī)好某人的病2.thanks to幸虧，由于；因?yàn)門(mén)hanks to your help, we finished the task ahead of time.【拓展】 thanks to可表達(dá)正面意思，也可以表達(dá)諷刺意味。它構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)在句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，大多放在句首。Thanks to his kindness, more than twenty people can stay with their families now.Thanks to the bad weather, the match had been cancell

11、ed.3. be satisfied with.對(duì)感到滿意【拓展】be satisfied to do sth.對(duì)做某事感到滿意 be satisfied that（某人）確信 to ones satisfaction使某人滿意的是 with satisfaction 滿意地4. would rather寧愿；寧可；最好would rather沒(méi)有人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化，它通常用以以下三種句型：(1) would rather+動(dòng)詞原形You would rather stay at home and do some reading this evening.(2) would rather doth

12、an do/would dorather than do寧愿做不愿做.I would rather stay at home than go out on Sunday.(3) would rather(that) sb. did sth./had done sth.寧愿某人做某事（從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用虛擬語(yǔ)氣）5. with the hope of帶著的希望【拓展】in the hope of doing希望做 in the hope that希望；期待 with the purpose of 懷有的目的with the intention of有的意向6. make a difference有

13、作用；有影響【拓展】make no difference 沒(méi)有作用；沒(méi)有影響；不重要 make a difference between區(qū)別對(duì)待，不同樣對(duì)待7. be related to與有關(guān)系/聯(lián)系【拓展】 “與有關(guān)系”的短語(yǔ)還有：be connected with, be concerned with8. lead to導(dǎo)致；造成(后果)；通往，通向（to為介詞）【常用搭配】lead sb.to do sth.使某人做某事lead/live/have a.life過(guò)著樣的生活lead o帶某人進(jìn)入lead the way引路，帶路9. in need of需要【拓展】in n

14、eed在危難中，在危急中 there is no need to do sth.沒(méi)有必要做某事10. focus on集中（注意力、精力等）于；（使）調(diào)節(jié)焦距【拓展】concentrate on 集中于，專(zhuān)注于 put ones heart into全神貫注于 fix ones eyes/attention on/upon集中目光/注意力于11. keep free from/of使免受（影響、傷害等）；使.不含（有害物）倍數(shù)的表達(dá)法：A is +倍數(shù)+比較級(jí)+than BA is +倍數(shù)+as+adj.+as BA is +倍數(shù)+the+名詞（size, length, width, hei

15、ght, depth, weight等）+of BAsia is three times larger than Europe.Asia is four times as large as Europe.Asia is four times the size of Europe.every few years意為“每隔幾年”。Every與數(shù)詞連用，表示“每.,每隔”表示時(shí)間或空間的間隔。具體用法如下：every + 基數(shù)詞 +復(fù)數(shù)名詞every + 序數(shù)詞 + 單數(shù)名詞every + other + 單數(shù)名詞every + few + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞every four years=every fo

16、urth year每四年（每隔三年）every other day/year/line每隔一天/年/行【辨析】for example, such as, namelyfor example作為獨(dú)立成分插入句中，位置靈活such as用來(lái)列舉（一類(lèi)）事，放在被列舉的事物與前面的名詞之間，as之后不能有逗號(hào)（列舉部分事例）。The money is used to buy basic foods such as flour, rice, and ly用來(lái)列舉全部事例，放在列舉事物的前面。(1)prefer意為“更喜歡”【常用搭配】prefer to do/doing sth.更

17、喜歡做某事 preferto與比較起來(lái)更喜歡 prefer to dorather than do寧愿做也不做prefer sb. to do sth.更愿意/喜歡某熱門(mén)做某事四寫(xiě)作導(dǎo)與練英語(yǔ)的慣用句型(1)在英語(yǔ)中，有很多慣用句型和結(jié)構(gòu)，而高考又要求用它們來(lái)寫(xiě)作，為此從本單元起，“寫(xiě)作步步高”將介紹一些英語(yǔ)的慣用句型和結(jié)構(gòu)。句型1 It must be pointed out that.必須指出的是It must be pointed out that it is one of our basic State policies to control population growth.必須指

18、出的是：控制人口增長(zhǎng)是我國(guó)的一項(xiàng)基本國(guó)策。句型2 It must be kept in mind that.必須記住的是It must be kept in mind that there is no other secret of success but hard work.句型3 As is known to all.大家都知道As is known to all，knowledge is power.句型4 It is hard to say.很難說(shuō)Its hard to say whether the plan is practical.句型5 There is no doubt th

19、at.毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)There is no doubt that you will be helped by others if you have any difficulties.句型6 To tell the truth.說(shuō)實(shí)話To tell the truth，many mistakes we made could have been avoided.句型7 As we know.我們知道As we know，it was not until recently that the problem was solved.句型8 As far as we know.就我們所知As far as we

20、 know，it took him more than a year to write the book.句型9 It has been proved that.已經(jīng)證實(shí)It has been proved that his theory is right.句型10 Have you considered doing.?你有沒(méi)有考慮過(guò)做？Have you considered going abroad to study? As we all know it, many children have to spend their weekends and holidays attendingvar

21、ious training courses though they are unwilling to. Thats why their parents dont want him to fall behind at the starting line. Instead, they hope their children are equipping with asmany skills as possible. Therefore they wont lose face when comparing their children withothers. Beside, they are sure

22、 these extra classes will help their children standing out and become more competitive in the future. Actually, it was unwise to force children to do thatthey dont like. Too many training classes will be heavy burden for children. Parentsshouldnt push their children too hardly.A Leap（跳躍）to HonorLeap

23、ing on a narrow balance beam（平衡木） is not easy. But Lola Walter, a 13-year-old gymnast, is an expert at it.To perfect her skills, Lola 36 for four hours a day, five days a week. At the state championships in March, she finished seventh out of 16 girls.Thats especially impressive. 37 she is legally bl

24、ind, born with a rare condition that causes her eyes to shift constantly. She often sees double and cant 38 how far away things are.When she was little, her mom 39 that even though she couldnt see 40 , she was fearless. So her mom signed her up for gymnastics when she was three. She loved the 41 rig

25、ht away and gymnastics became her favorite.Though learning gymnastics has been more 42 for her than for some of her tournaments, she has never quit. She doesnt let her 43 stop her from doing anything that she wants to.She likes the determination it takes to do the sport. Her biggest 44 is the balanc

26、e beam. Because she has double vision, she often sees to beams. She must use her sense of touch to help her during her routine. Sometimes she even closes her eyes. “You have to 45 your mind that itll take you where you want to go.” says Lola.To be a top-level gymnast, one must be brave. The beam is

27、probably the most 46 for anyone because its four inches wide. At the state competition, Lola didnt fall 47 the beam. In fact, she got an 8.1 out of 10-her highest score yet.Lola doesnt want to be 48 differently from the other girls on her team. At the competitions, the judges dont know about her vis

28、ion 49 . She doesnt tell them, because she doesnt think they need to know. Her mom is amazed by her 50 attitude.Lola never thinks about 51 . She is presently at level 7 while the highest is level 10 in gymnastics. Her 52 is to reach level 9. She says she wants to be a gymnastics coach to pass down what shes learned to other kids 53 she grew up.Lola is 54 of all her hard work and success. She says its help