虛擬語(yǔ)氣的講解和例句

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上 2012年1月19日 星期四 歡迎您！ 主題：虛擬語(yǔ)氣 知識(shí)講解 虛擬語(yǔ)氣的講解和例句 內(nèi)容：虛擬語(yǔ)氣的講解和例句！謝謝老師 提交人：物與我皆無(wú) 時(shí)間：11/25/2010 23:48:57 主題：虛擬語(yǔ)氣 內(nèi)容： 虛擬語(yǔ)氣的講解和例句！謝謝老師 答：概念：虛擬語(yǔ)氣用來(lái)表示說(shuō)話人的主觀愿望或假想，所說(shuō)的是一個(gè)條件，不一定是事實(shí)，或與事實(shí)相反。一、 動(dòng)詞wish后賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣1 用wish表示現(xiàn)在的祝愿和報(bào)歉。其句子結(jié)構(gòu)為：賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)be和were(was)，實(shí)義動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式。例：I wish they were at home thi

2、s time.2 用wish表示對(duì)過(guò)去事情的遺憾。其句子結(jié)構(gòu)為：賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)或could+現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。例：I wish I hadn't hurt him so much。3 用wish表示對(duì)將來(lái)事情的愿望。其句子結(jié)構(gòu)為賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)為would/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形。例：I wish I might be able to come tomorrow 。二、 用在一般虛擬條件句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣（一） 表示與現(xiàn)在、過(guò)去、將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)1 與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。其句子結(jié)構(gòu)為：從句：if+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式（be變were）+其他主句：主語(yǔ)+would(should

3、, could, might)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他例：If I were you, I would go with him.2 與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。其句子結(jié)構(gòu)為：從句：If+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去完成時(shí)+其他主句：主語(yǔ)+should(would, could, might)+現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)+其他。例：If you had studied harder last term, you could have passed exam.3表示對(duì)將來(lái)事實(shí)實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性不大的假設(shè)。其句子結(jié)構(gòu)為：從句：If+主語(yǔ)+should (were to )+動(dòng)詞原形+其他主句：主語(yǔ)+would (could, should, might

4、)+動(dòng)詞原形例：If he were to go tomorrow, he might tell you.(二) 從句和主句要根據(jù)各自發(fā)所生的時(shí)間選用符合具體時(shí)間的虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式1 從句表示過(guò)去，主句表示現(xiàn)在。If they had stared the early morning yesterday, they would be here now.2 從句表示將來(lái)，主句表示過(guò)去。If I were not to make a preparation for my experiment this afternoon, I would have gone to see the film with

5、you last night。3 從句表示過(guò)去，主句表示將來(lái)。If we hadn't made adequate preparations, we shouldn't dare to do the experiment next week。4從句表示將來(lái)，主句表示現(xiàn)在。If we shouldn't have an exam this afternoon. I would go shopping now.三、 可以引起與事實(shí)相反的方式狀語(yǔ)從句，用虛擬語(yǔ)氣由as if、as though引起的與事實(shí)相反的句子，不論主句的謂語(yǔ)是現(xiàn)在時(shí)或者說(shuō)過(guò)去時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)表示的時(shí)間概念和句

6、子結(jié)構(gòu)，都基本上與wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句相同。例：John pretends as if he didn't know the thing at all, but in fact he knows it very well.(用過(guò)去式表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè))The old man looked at the picture, he felt as though he had gone back to time 20 years ago.（用過(guò)去完成式表示與過(guò)去相反的事實(shí)）They talked and talked as if they would never meet again (

7、would+動(dòng)詞原形，表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反)四、在表示建議、命令、要求、忠告等動(dòng)詞的后面，其賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣常用的此類動(dòng)詞有：表示“要求”的：ask, desire, request, demand, require, beg表示“提議、勸告、建議”的：move, suggest, recommend, advise, vote表示“決定、命令”的：decide, order表示“主張”的：maintain, urge表示“同意、堅(jiān)持”的：consent, insist例：The doctor suggested that he (should) try t

8、o lose his weight.He insisted that we (should ) tell him the news.上述動(dòng)詞的名詞形式，demand, desire, requirement, advice, order, decision, recommendation, suggestion, 以及necessity, preference, plan, motion, idea等名詞，其后的表語(yǔ)從句或同位語(yǔ)從句，也用“should+動(dòng)詞原形“表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣?，F(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)，特別是美國(guó)英語(yǔ)，常省去“should”，例：The advice is that we (should) l

9、eave at once.He idea that we (should)visit Great Wall was warmly welcomed.五、在“It is (was)+形容詞（或過(guò)去分詞）+that”結(jié)構(gòu)中，主語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)也用“should+原形動(dòng)詞“表虛擬語(yǔ)氣美國(guó)英語(yǔ)中省去should, 常用的形容詞和過(guò)去分詞有：表示“要求”的：required, demanded, requested, desired, desirable。表示“建議”的：suggested, recommended,表示“迫切、緊近、重要”的：imperative, urgent, necessary, e

10、ssential, important, vital表示“適當(dāng)、較好”的：appropriate, advisable, better, preferable表示“可能”的：probable, possible表示“命令”的：ordered例：It was necessary that we (should) make everything ready ahead of time.It is required that nobody (should)smoke here.六、由下列名詞或短語(yǔ)引導(dǎo)，或含有某些詞的從句中應(yīng)用的虛擬語(yǔ)氣1“l(fā)est 以免、惟恐”引導(dǎo)的從句用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”

11、。He took a map with him lest he (should ) lose his wag there.2“whether不管、無(wú)論”引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，有時(shí)用動(dòng)詞原形。All things, whether you know or don'' t know, exist in the world.3用“would rather/had rather” would just as soon"表示“寧愿、但愿”，后面的賓語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)用過(guò)去式或動(dòng)詞原形表示對(duì)將來(lái)的要求，用過(guò)去時(shí)表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在的愿望，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示對(duì)過(guò)去做的事的懊悔。Don''

12、 t live in the world, I would rather( I would just as soon) you die.I would rather you go tomorrow.I would rather everything hadn't happened in the past.4用“had hoped”表示原來(lái)希望做到而實(shí)際上未能實(shí)現(xiàn)的事情，其賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)用“would+動(dòng)詞原形”。I had hoped that she would go to the U.S. and study there, but she said she liked to sta

13、y in China.5在“It is（high/about）time+that”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中，定語(yǔ)從句的主謂語(yǔ)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，偶爾也可以用would(或should)+動(dòng)詞原形，或had rather (would rather)+動(dòng)詞原形。It is high (about) time that we left/should leave/ had better leave/had rather leave/ were leaving.(注意與“This is the first/secondtime”后從句中用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別。6用“without/but for/in the abse

14、nce of ”表示“要不是”，“如果沒(méi)有”（相當(dāng)于if it were not for）表示條件時(shí)，句中一般用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。（也可用陳述語(yǔ)氣）Without your help, I couldn't finish my work on time.In the absence of water and air, nothing could live.7由“providing (that)/ provided (that)/on condition that/ in order that”引導(dǎo)的條件從句或目的從句，根據(jù)情況，可用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。（有時(shí)也可用陳述語(yǔ)氣）They are willing surrender provided they are given free passage.8在if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句中，若有were, had, should, 在書面語(yǔ)中可省去if ,將were等提到主語(yǔ)前，形成倒裝。Should there be a good