必修五unit5grammar

1、 省略（省略（Ellipsis）為了避免重復(fù)，省略句中的一個或?yàn)榱吮苊庵貜?fù)，省略句中的一個或幾個成分，這種語法現(xiàn)象稱為幾個成分，這種語法現(xiàn)象稱為“省省略略”。Discovering useful structures簡單句中的省略簡單句中的省略1 1、省略主語、省略主語 祈使句中主語通常省略；其祈使句中主語通常省略；其它省略主語多限于少數(shù)現(xiàn)成的說法。它省略主語多限于少數(shù)現(xiàn)成的說法。(1) (I) Thank you for your help.(2) (I) See you tomorrow.(3) (It) Doesnt matter.(4) (I) Beg your pardon.( Yo

2、u )open the door. Please! -Would you like to watch NBA ? -(It ) sounds like a good idea.(1) (I) Thank you for your help.(2) (I) havent seen you for ages.(3) (It) Doesnt matter.2 2、省略主謂或主謂語的一部分、省略主謂或主謂語的一部分 (1) (There is) No smoking .(2) (Is there) Anything wrong ?(3) (Will you) Have a smoke ?(4) Wha

3、t/How (do you think) about a cup of tea ?(5) Why (do you) not say hello to him ?(1)(1) (There is) (There is) No smoking . No smoking .(2) (Come in ) (2) (Come in ) This way , please. This way , please.(1)( Im ) Sorry to hear you are ill. (2) (Will you) Have a smoke / a cup of tea?（）（） What a wonderf

4、ul time( we had)!(1)While ( you are ) crossing the road, you must be careful.(2) If ( it is) heated , the water becomes steam.3、省略作賓語的不定式短語，只保留、省略作賓語的不定式短語，只保留to，但，但如果不定式如果不定式to后是后是be或完成時態(tài)，則須保留或完成時態(tài)，則須保留be或或have:(1)Are you going there? -Yes, Id like to (go there).(2) He didnt give me the chance, tho

5、ugh he had promised to (give me the chance).(3) Are you an engineer? -No, but I want to be.(4) He hasnt finished the task yet. -Well, he ought to have. Will Liuxiang win the first prize in the 2008 Olympic Games ?Sorry, I dont know (whether he will win the first prize in the 2008 Olympic Games or no

6、t). - Do you think it will rain ? - I think not . (I dont think it will rain ) - Do you think it will rain ? - I think so . (that it will rain )1) How so? Why so? 2) Is that so? I hope so. 3) I suppose/believe/hope not. 4 4、省略表語、省略表語 (1) Are you thirsty? -Yes, I am (thirsty).(2) His brother isnt laz

7、y, nor is his sister (lazy).5 5、同時省略幾個成分、同時省略幾個成分 (1) Lets meet at the same place as (we met) yesterday.(2) -Have you finished your work ? -(I have) Not (finished my work) yet.(1)Is he a teacher ? -Yes, he is (a teacher ).(2) His sister isnt lazy, nor is his brother (lazy).主從復(fù)合句中的省略主從復(fù)合句中的省略1 1、主句中有

8、一些成分被省略、主句中有一些成分被省略(1) ( Im ) Sorry to hear that you are ill.(2) ( Its a ) Pity that he missed such a good chance.2 2、notnot， soso常用來替代從句。常用來替代從句。(1) Is he coming back tonight? -I think so.(2) She must be busy now? -If so, she cant go with us.(3) Is she feeling better ? -Im afraid not.(4) Do you thi

9、nk he will attend the meeting? -I guess not. so常用于替代肯定形式的從句，常用于替代肯定形式的從句，而而not常用來替代否定形式的從句。常用來替代否定形式的從句。常見的動詞有：常見的動詞有：think、imagine、guess、say、hope、fear等。等。 這種用法常見的有：這種用法常見的有：How so? Why so? 3 3、連詞的、連詞的thatthat省略省略(1) 賓語賓語從句中常省略從句中常省略連詞連詞that，但也有不能，但也有不能省略的情況。省略的情況。 (2) 在定在定語語從句中從句中， ，that在從句中作在從句中作賓

10、語時賓語時可可省略省略.4 4、在某些狀語從句中，從句的主語與主句、在某些狀語從句中，從句的主語與主句的主語一致時，可省去的主語一致時，可省去“主語主語+be”+be”部分部分(1) When (he was) still a boy of 10, he had to work day and night.(2) She tried her best though (she was) rather poor in health.(3) If (you are) asked you may come in.(4) If (it is) necessary Ill explain to you a

11、gain.并列句中的省略并列句中的省略 兩個并列句中，后一個分句常省略與前一兩個并列句中，后一個分句常省略與前一分句中相同的部分。分句中相同的部分。 (1) My father is a doctor and my mother (is) a nurse.(2) I study at college and my sister (studies) at high school.(3) When summer comes, the day is getting longer and longer, and the night (is getting) shorter and shorter.其他

12、省略其他省略1 1、不定式符號、不定式符號toto的省略的省略(1)并列的不定式可省去后面的并列的不定式可省去后面的 to. I told him to sit down and wait for a moment. (2) help 當(dāng)當(dāng)“幫助幫助”講時，后面的賓語或賓補(bǔ)講時，后面的賓語或賓補(bǔ)的不定式符號的不定式符號to可帶可不帶可帶可不帶. I will help (to) do it for you. I will help you (to) do it.（3）介詞）介詞but前若有動詞前若有動詞do,后面的不定式不后面的不定式不帶帶 to. The boy did nothing bu

13、t play.(4) 某些某些使役使役動詞動詞（ （let, make, have）及感官）及感官動動詞詞（ （see, watch, hear, notice, observe, feel, look at, listen to等等）后面作）后面作賓語補(bǔ)賓語補(bǔ)足足語語的不的不定式一定要省去定式一定要省去 to, 但在被但在被動語態(tài)動語態(tài)中中須須將將to 復(fù)原。復(fù)原。 I saw the boy fall off the tree. The boy was seen to fall off the tree. The boss made us work 12 hours a day. We w

14、ere made to work 12 hours a day.(5) 主主語語從句中有從句中有動詞動詞do,后面作表后面作表語語的不定的不定式的式的 to可可帶帶可不可不帶帶。 。 All we can do now is (to) wait. What we can do now is (to) wait. (6) find 當(dāng)當(dāng)“ “發(fā)現(xiàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)” ”講時講時，后面作，后面作賓語補(bǔ)賓語補(bǔ)足足語語的的不定式符號不定式符號to可可帶帶可不可不帶帶。 。 We found him (to) work very hard at the experiment. 但如果是不定式但如果是不定式 to be

15、， ，則則不能省略不能省略。 。 She found him to be dishonest. 2 2、連詞、連詞ifif在部分虛擬條件句中可省略，在部分虛擬條件句中可省略，但后面的語序有變化。但后面的語序有變化。(1) Had they time, they would certainly come and help us. (2) Were I you, I would do the work better.(3） ）Should there be a flood, what should we do?3 3、主句和從句各有一些成分省略。、主句和從句各有一些成分省略。The sooner

16、(you do it), the better (it will be). (1) (I) Beg your pardon.(2) (It) Sounds like a good idea.(1) (Is) Anybody here?(2) (Is there) Anything I can do for you?A: Where has Mr. Smith gone?B: Sorry, I dont know (where he has gone.)省略主語省略主語省略謂語或謂省略謂語或謂語的一部分語的一部分省略賓語省略賓語為了使語言簡潔或避免重復(fù)，省略句中的一為了使語言簡潔或避免重復(fù)，省略

17、句中的一個或幾個句子成分，這種語法現(xiàn)象稱為省略。個或幾個句子成分，這種語法現(xiàn)象稱為省略。(1)(Are you) Hungry?(2)(I want) Orange juice, please.A: Would you like to come to the party? B: Id love to (come the party.)省略主語省略主語和謂語和謂語省略不定式后省略不定式后省略動詞省略動詞1 The temple surrounded by a wall belongs to the local government. The temple (which is) surrounde

18、d by a wall belongs to the local government. 2) The first book I read this term was more interesting than the second. The first book (that) I read this term was more interesting than the second (book that I read this term).定語從句中的省略定語從句中的省略3 To her teachers surprise, she did better in her first aid e

19、xam than expected. To her teachers surprise, she didbetter in her first aid exam than (she was) expected (to do).在在than, asthan, as引導(dǎo)的比較引導(dǎo)的比較狀語從句中的省略狀語從句中的省略 4 I dont think they have returned from the hospital, but they might have. I dont think they have returned from the hospital, but they might ha

20、ve (returned from the hospital).在并列中在并列中，后面分句中與前面分，后面分句中與前面分句中相同的部分?？墒÷跃渲邢嗤牟糠殖？墒÷?5 He wanted to help the accident victim but his friend didnt. He wanted to help the accident victim but his friend didnt (want to help the accident victim).在并列中在并列中，后面分句中與前面分，后面分句中與前面分句中相同的部分常可省略句中相同的部分?？墒÷?6 You can

21、borrow my first aid notes if you want to. You can borrow my first aid notes if you want to (borrow my first aid notes).不定式后省略動詞不定式后省略動詞II.單項(xiàng)選擇單項(xiàng)選擇1. -I wont do it any more. -_? A. Why dont B. Why dont do it any more C. Why not D. Why not to2. Although _ to stop, he kept on working. A. tell B. tellin

22、g C. having told D. told3. -Will you waste time and money on that? - -Certainly_. A. I not B. dont C. not D. no4. -Mary didnt attend the lecture, did she? -Yes, she_. A. attended B. didnt attend C. didnt D. did5. -Whats John doing? - _ newspapers in the room. A. She reading B. She reads C. To read D

23、. Reading6. _ always succeed. A. Honest and clever students B. Students who honest and clever C. Honest students and clever D. Students are honest and clever7. -Can you climb that tree, my boy? -_? A. I B. MyselfC. MineD. Me8. Some people are against the plan but _ support it. A. any more B. many mo

24、re C. much moreD. no more9. -Ill be away for a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat? -Not at all. _. A. Ive no timeB. Id rather not C. Id like to D. Id be happy to10. -Why not go and have a dinner in a restaurant? -_. Its too expensive. A. Why not B. I agree C. Im afraid notD. Im sure1

25、1. _ I had time, I would have run round that lake again.A. IfB. UnlessC. HadD. When12. -What do you think made Mary so upset? - _ her bicycle.B. As she lost B. LostC. Because of losingD. Losing1.The house rent is expensive, Ive got about half the space I had at home and Im paying _ here. A. as three

26、 times much B. as much three times C. much as three times D. three times as much高考鏈接D解析：答案解析：答案D D。修飾比較級的。修飾比較級的three timesthree times只能置于比較結(jié)構(gòu)之前，不能置于其后或只能置于比較結(jié)構(gòu)之前，不能置于其后或其中；本題中比較狀語從句部分被省略。其中；本題中比較狀語從句部分被省略。2. What would have happened _ , as far as the river bank? A. Bob had walked farther B. if Bob

27、should walk farther C. had Bob walked farther D. if Bob walked fartherC解析：答案解析：答案C C。what would have happenedwhat would have happened暗示后面，暗示后面，使用虛擬語氣，且與過去事實(shí)相反；當(dāng)使用虛擬語氣，且與過去事實(shí)相反；當(dāng)ifif省略時，可省略時，可將將were/had/shouldwere/had/should提前，構(gòu)成部分倒裝；用提前，構(gòu)成部分倒裝；用ifif從句表從句表達(dá)則是達(dá)則是if Bob had walked farther if Bob had walked farther 題意：如果鮑勃題意：如果鮑勃走得更遠(yuǎn)些，走到河岸邊會發(fā)生什么事呢？走得更遠(yuǎn)些，走到河岸邊會發(fā)生什么事呢？3. Is this the reason _ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work? A. he ex