英語(yǔ)詞匯學(xué)自考題

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上英語(yǔ)詞匯學(xué)自考題-11(總分：100.00，做題時(shí)間：90分鐘)一、B./B(總題數(shù)：30，分?jǐn)?shù)：30.00)1.The term "vocabulary" is used in different ways because of all the following reasons except that _. · A. it can refer to the common core of a language · B. it can refer to the total number of the words in a lan

2、guage · C. it can represent all the words used in a certain historical period · D. it can stand for words in given dialect or field（分?jǐn)?shù)：1.00） A.  B. C. D.解析：解析 The term "vocabulary" is used in different senses. Not only can it refer to the total number of

3、the words in a language, but it can stand for all the words used in a certain historical period. We also use it to refer to all the words of a given dialect, a given book, a given discipline and the words possessed by an individual person. 所以B、C、D項(xiàng)正確。詞匯是由一門(mén)語(yǔ)言中所有的詞所構(gòu)成的，而不是語(yǔ)言的核心，所以A項(xiàng)不正確。答案為A。2."W

4、ilt" which means "will" is an example of _. · A. argot · B. slang · C. archaism · D. neologism（分?jǐn)?shù)：1.00） A. B. C.  D.解析：解析 古語(yǔ)詞是指過(guò)去曾經(jīng)廣泛使用而現(xiàn)在僅限于某些特殊用法的詞。這些詞的使用范圍大為縮小，只在古詩(shī)、法律文件、宗教文件和講話中出現(xiàn)。如，thou(你)，ye(你們)，thee(你的賓語(yǔ))，wilt(will)，brethren(兄弟)，trot

5、h(誓約)，quoth(說(shuō))，aught(任何事情)，hereof(談及這一點(diǎn))，therefrom(從那一點(diǎn))，wherein(在哪一點(diǎn)上)等。選項(xiàng)意思分別為argot(黑話)，slang(俚語(yǔ))，archaism(古語(yǔ)詞)，neologism(新詞語(yǔ))。答案為C。3.Words like "typhoon, black humor, chopstick, silk, long time no see, tea, masterpiece, ketchup, mother tongue" are _. · A. denizens · B. semanti

6、c-loan · C. aliens · D. translation-loans（分?jǐn)?shù)：1.00） A. B. C. D. 解析：解析 根據(jù)同化的程度和借詞的方式，可以把外來(lái)語(yǔ)詞歸為四類：denizens(同化詞)，semantic-loan(借義詞)，aliens(非同化詞)，translation-loans(譯借詞)。譯借詞是利用母語(yǔ)現(xiàn)有的詞語(yǔ)但在構(gòu)詞模式上模仿了外語(yǔ)而構(gòu)成的詞。譯借詞還可再分為根據(jù)意義譯出來(lái)的借詞：mother tongue(母語(yǔ))譯自lingua materna(拉丁語(yǔ))，long time no

7、 see譯自漢語(yǔ)的“好久沒(méi)見(jiàn)”，surplus value(剩余價(jià)值)譯自Mehrwert(德語(yǔ))，masterpiece(杰作)譯自Meisterstuck(德語(yǔ))，black humour(黑色幽默)譯自humournoir(法語(yǔ))。根據(jù)語(yǔ)音譯出來(lái)的借詞：kulak(富農(nóng))譯自kyrak(俄語(yǔ))，ketchup(番茄醬)譯自漢語(yǔ)的“茄汁”，lama(喇嘛)譯自lama(藏語(yǔ))，tea(茶)譯自漢語(yǔ)的“茶”。答案為D。4.Now people generally refer to _ as Old English. · A. Anglo-Saxon · B. Celtic

8、 · C. Latin · D. Scottish（分?jǐn)?shù)：1.00） A.  B. C. D.解析：解析 現(xiàn)在人們一般把盎格魯一撒克遜語(yǔ)稱為古英語(yǔ)。答案為A。5.The _ translation of the Bible and the writings of _ and others contributed a lot to the revival of English as the dominating language in Middle English period. · A. Langland; Wyc

9、liff, Chaucer · B. Wycliff; Langland, Chaucer · C. Chaucer; Wycliff, Thomas More · D. Bacon; Wycliff, Chaucer（分?jǐn)?shù)：1.00） A. B.  C. D.解析：解析 中古英語(yǔ)時(shí)期(11501500)，法語(yǔ)、拉丁語(yǔ)曾和英語(yǔ)一直并存長(zhǎng)達(dá)一個(gè)多世紀(jì)。到了13世紀(jì)末，英語(yǔ)又逐漸回到了學(xué)校、法庭和政府部門(mén)，重新獲得了重要的社會(huì)地位。威克利夫(Wycliff)用英語(yǔ)翻譯圣經(jīng)，喬叟(Chaucer)、朗蘭(Langland

10、)等人也開(kāi)始用英語(yǔ)進(jìn)行文學(xué)創(chuàng)作，于是，英語(yǔ)最后又返回到重要的位置上，并作為一門(mén)重要的文學(xué)語(yǔ)言受到尊重。答案為B。6.Which of the following words is brought about by political changes as regards the growth of present-day English vocabulary?_ · A. Smart bomb. · B. Astrochemistry. · C. Watergate. · D. Tenor.（分?jǐn)?shù)：1.00） A. B. C

11、.  D.解析：解析 watergate(水門(mén)，由水門(mén)事件產(chǎn)生的一個(gè)新詞)屬于由政治變化產(chǎn)生的詞；smart bomb(激光制導(dǎo)炸彈)，astrochemistry(天體化學(xué))都是由迅速發(fā)展的科技產(chǎn)生的詞匯；tenor(男高音)是由于社會(huì)的快速發(fā)展在樂(lè)音方面的新詞匯。答案為C。7.Among the following four past tense markers-ed, _ is realized by/t/. · A. lived · B. warmed · C. looked · D. tired（分?jǐn)?shù)：1.00） 

12、A. B. C.  D.解析：解析 一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的標(biāo)志形素-ed在/p，k，s/結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞后發(fā)音為/t/，如worked，helped；而在以元音音素或/m，n，l/結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞后發(fā)音為/d/，如tried，warmed，lived，enabled；另外在以/t，d/音結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞后發(fā)音為/id/，如wanted，landed等。答案為C。8.In English, bound roots are either _ or _. · A. Latin; French · B. Greek; Scandinavian · C. La

13、tin; Greek · D. French; Greek（分?jǐn)?shù)：1.00） A. B. C.  D.解析：解析 粘附詞根就如自由詞根一樣，是帶有基本意義的詞的組成部分。與自由詞根不同的是，粘附詞根是一種粘附形式，必須與別的詞素結(jié)合在一起才能構(gòu)成詞。英語(yǔ)中的粘附詞素不是來(lái)源于拉丁語(yǔ)，就是來(lái)源于希臘語(yǔ)。答案為C。9.The "de" in "demilitarize" is a/an _ prefix. · A. reversative · B. orientation

14、83; C. pejorative · D. negative（分?jǐn)?shù)：1.00） A.  B. C. D.解析：解析 demilitarize(解除軍事控制)是由militarize(使軍事化)加前綴de-構(gòu)成的，de-，dis-，un-等是表示逆向意義的前綴(reversative prefixes)。答案為A。10.In compounds, the word stress usually occurs on _ whereas in noun phrases _ is generally stressed if there is

15、 only one stress. · A. the first element; the second element · B. the second element; the first element · C. the first element; the first element · D. the second element; the second element（分?jǐn)?shù)：1.00） A.  B. C. D.解析：解析 復(fù)合詞有三個(gè)特點(diǎn)：音律特點(diǎn)，詞義特點(diǎn)和語(yǔ)法特點(diǎn)。其中音律特征表現(xiàn)為：復(fù)合詞的

16、重音通常在第一個(gè)語(yǔ)義單位上；而在名詞短語(yǔ)中，若第二個(gè)單位只有一個(gè)音節(jié)則是在第二個(gè)語(yǔ)義單位上。如：a fat head(復(fù)合詞)，a fat。head(獨(dú)立短語(yǔ))。答案為A。11."Telex" is a pormanteau word created through _. · A. head+ tail · B. head+ head · C. head+word · D. word+tail（分?jǐn)?shù)：1.00） A. B.  C. D.解析：解析 telex是一個(gè)混合型詞，是由兩個(gè)單詞

17、的詞頭混合組成。即teleprinter+exchange。答案為B。12.By form we mean _. · A. its spelling · B. its pronunciation · C. both its pronunciation and spelling · D. its symbols（分?jǐn)?shù)：1.00） A. B. C.  D.解析：解析 詞是形式和意義的結(jié)合。形式即詞的發(fā)音及拼寫(xiě)，意義即為形式所代表的內(nèi)容。答案為C。13.A concept has _ referring exp

18、ressions. · A. one · B. many · C. a few · D. none of the above（分?jǐn)?shù)：1.00） A. B.  C. D.解析：解析 概念(concept)對(duì)于所有人來(lái)說(shuō)都是相同的，無(wú)文化、種族、語(yǔ)言之分，而意義存在于語(yǔ)言之中，受語(yǔ)言使用的限制。因此概念有許多種表達(dá)所指，因?yàn)槭澜缟嫌斜姸嗾Z(yǔ)言。答案為B。14.Most words can be said to be _. · A. motivated · B. non-motivated &

19、#183; C. affixes · D. compounds（分?jǐn)?shù)：1.00） A. B.  C. D.解析：解析 理?yè)?jù)(motivation)討論的是語(yǔ)言符號(hào)和意義之間的關(guān)聯(lián)。詞的形式和意義之間的關(guān)系都是任意的和規(guī)約的，因此大多數(shù)詞可以說(shuō)是沒(méi)有理?yè)?jù)的。答案為B。15.Words that have emotive values may fall into two categories: _ and _. · A. stylistic; collocative · B. pejorative; appreciat

20、ive · C. adjectival; adverbial · D. nominative; substantive（分?jǐn)?shù)：1.00） A. B.  C. D.解析：解析 Words that have emotive values may fall into two categories: appreciative or pejorative. 帶有感情意義的詞可分為兩類：褒義或貶義。答案為B。16.According to the degree of similarity, homonyms can be classi

21、fied into _. · A. perfect homonyms · B. homographs · C. homophones · D. all the above（分?jǐn)?shù)：1.00） A. B. C. D. 解析：解析 Based on the degree of similarity, homonyms fall into three classes: perfect homonyms, homographs and homophones. 根據(jù)相類似的程度，同形同音異義詞又可分為3類：完全同形同

22、音異義詞、同形異音異義詞和同音異形異義詞。答案為D。17.The differences between synonyms boil down to the following except _. · A. denotation · B. connotation · C. application · D. pronunciation（分?jǐn)?shù)：1.00） A. B. C. D. 解析：解析 同義詞的區(qū)別主要表現(xiàn)在三個(gè)方面：denotation(外延)，connotation(內(nèi)涵)和application(應(yīng)

23、用)。答案為D。18.The fact that the whole vocabulary can be divided up into fields can be exemplified by _. · A. Roget's Thesaurus · B. Concise Oxford Dictionary · C. New Webster's Dictionary · D. Cobuild Dictionary（分?jǐn)?shù)：1.00） A.  B. C. D.解析：解析 根據(jù)Trier的語(yǔ)義場(chǎng)

24、理論，整個(gè)詞匯都可劃分為語(yǔ)義場(chǎng)。羅瑞同義詞詞典(Roget's Thesaurus)就是一個(gè)很好的例證。編者使用了普遍概念作為框架，把帶有共同概念的詞集中在一起。According to Trier's vision of fields, the whole vocabulary can be divided up into fields. Roget's Thesaurus was a good example. He used a scheme of universal concepts as a framework and listed together the

25、words which share the same concepts. 答案為A。19.Which of the following words does not undergo the process of extension of meaning? · A. Meat. · B. Manuscript. · C. Picture. · D. Journal.（分?jǐn)?shù)：1.00） A.  B. C. D.解析：解析 meat原意是food(食物)，經(jīng)過(guò)語(yǔ)義變換，意為flesh of animals(動(dòng)物

26、的肉)，可見(jiàn)意義范圍縮小，具體化是詞義的縮小而非擴(kuò)大。答案為A。20.The meanings of "lip" and "tongue" in "the lip of a wound" and "the tongue of a bell" have experienced _. · A. extension · B. elevation · C. associated transfer · D. degradation（分?jǐn)?shù)：1.00） A. B.

27、60;C.  D.解析：解析 詞義的轉(zhuǎn)移是指原先指稱某一事物的詞后來(lái)轉(zhuǎn)而指稱另一事物的演變過(guò)程。其中一種為聯(lián)想轉(zhuǎn)移(associated transfer)，即由于事物的關(guān)聯(lián)性和連帶性通過(guò)聯(lián)想詞義發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)移，如lip of a wound(傷口)，the tongue of a bell(鈴舌)；purse轉(zhuǎn)義為“錢”，glass轉(zhuǎn)義為“杯子”等。答案為C。21.The meaning of a word is influenced immediately by _. · A. the linguistic context · B. situational

28、 context · C. grammatical context · D. extra-linguistic context（分?jǐn)?shù)：1.00） A.  B. C. D.解析：解析 一個(gè)詞的意義直接受其所在語(yǔ)義環(huán)境的影響，甚至整個(gè)話語(yǔ)情境的影響。答案為A。22.It is a general belief that the meaning does not exist in the word itself, but it rather spreads over _. · A. the reader's in

29、terpretation · B. the neighbouring words · C. the writer's intention · D. the etymology of the word（分?jǐn)?shù)：1.00） A. B.  C. D.解析：解析 The meaning of a word is often affected and defined by the neighbouring words. 一個(gè)詞的意義經(jīng)常是受鄰近詞的影響，并被其定義。答案為B。23.The sentence "

30、The fish is ready to eat." is ambiguous due to _. · A. extra-linguistic context · B. grammatical context · C. lexical context · D. homonymy（分?jǐn)?shù)：1.00） A. B.  C. D.解析：解析 Grammatical structure can lead to ambiguity. 語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)會(huì)引起歧義。本句可有兩種解釋，第一句是This fish is co

31、oked or served, so ready for people to eat(魚(yú)做好了或上桌了，可以吃了)，或者The fish is ready to eat things(魚(yú)準(zhǔn)備好要吃食物了)。但是，假如說(shuō)成What a nice smell! The fish is ready to eat，那么，fish一定是做好了可以吃了。答案為B。24._ and _ often define each other, thus forming an important context clue, _. · A. Antonymy; synonymy · B. Hypon

32、ymy; homonymy · C. Superordinates; subordinates · D. Lexical words; grammatical words（分?jǐn)?shù)：1.00） A. B. C.  D.解析：解析 上義詞和下義詞經(jīng)常限定解釋彼此，這樣形成一個(gè)非常重要的語(yǔ)境線索。答案為C。25.Idioms adjectival in nature function as _. · A. adjectives · B. attributes · C. modifiers ·

33、D. words（分?jǐn)?shù)：1.00） A.  B. C. D.解析：解析 Idioms adjectival in nature function as adjectives. 答案為A。26.The idiom "scream and shout" is _. · A. alliteration · B. reiteration · C. rhyme · D. juxtaposition（分?jǐn)?shù)：1.00） A. B.  C. D.解析：

34、解析 scream and shout(尖叫)是重復(fù)，即同義的重疊(reiteration)。答案為B。27.Actions speak louder than words, in the proverb, _ is used. · A. repetition · B. simile · C. metaphor · D. personification（分?jǐn)?shù)：1.00） A. B. C. D. 解析：解析 speak意為“講話，說(shuō)某種語(yǔ)言”，是人特有的動(dòng)作。題中作為主語(yǔ)actions的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行詞應(yīng)該是擬人

35、修辭手法的應(yīng)用。答案為D。28.Linguistic dictionaries usually do not cover such areas as _. · A. definitions · B. spelling · C. usage · D. sound（分?jǐn)?shù)：1.00） A. B. C. D. 解析：解析 Linguistic dictionaries aim at defining words and explaining their usage in the language. Linguis

36、tic dictionaries usually cover such areas as spelling, pronunciation, meaning, grammatical function, usage and etymology. 語(yǔ)言詞典著眼于詞的定義及解釋其在語(yǔ)言中的用法。它們通常包括拼寫(xiě)、發(fā)音、意義、語(yǔ)法功能、用法及詞源等這些方面。所以并沒(méi)有聲音部分。答案為D。29.For beginners and elementary and lower-intermediate learners, _ dictionary is essential. · A. monolin

37、gual · B. bilingual · C. specialized · D. encyclopedic dictionary（分?jǐn)?shù)：1.00） A. B.  C. D.解析：解析 For beginners, and elementary and lower-intermediate learners, a bilingual dictionary is essential as they do not know enough of the target language to understand full

38、y a monolingual dictionary. 對(duì)于這些學(xué)習(xí)者而言，一本雙語(yǔ)詞典是必不可少的，因?yàn)樗麄儗?duì)所學(xué)語(yǔ)言了解不夠，不能完全讀懂一本單語(yǔ)詞典。答案為B。30.The new edition of Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English has _ words and phrases. · A. 56000 · B. 75000 · C. 80000 · D. 83000（分?jǐn)?shù)：1.00） A.  B. C. D.解析：解析 朗文當(dāng)代英語(yǔ)詞典因其廣

39、泛涉及新詞、新意義和新方法、通俗易懂的定義以及其有控制的2000詞匯來(lái)定義詞和例示用法，當(dāng)然最為重要的還是因其完整細(xì)致的語(yǔ)法信息而聞名。它收納了56000個(gè)詞和短語(yǔ)，涉及美國(guó)英語(yǔ)和英國(guó)英語(yǔ)，并且特別強(qiáng)調(diào)新詞。答案為A。二、B./B(總題數(shù)：10，分?jǐn)?shù)：15.00)31.Pronouns and numerals enjoy nation-wide use and stability, but have limited productivity and 1.（分?jǐn)?shù)：1.50）填空項(xiàng)1:_ （正確答案：collocability）解析：解析 Pronouns and numerals e

40、njoy nation-wide use and stability, but are semantically monosemous and have limited productivity and collocability. 代詞和數(shù)詞使用范圍廣泛，也十分穩(wěn)定，但能產(chǎn)性和搭配性較差。答案為collocability。32. 1 words are words brought to Britain in the fifth century by the Germanic tribes, the Angles, the Saxons, and the Jutes, thus known a

41、s Anglo-Saxon words.（分?jǐn)?shù)：1.50）填空項(xiàng)1:_ （正確答案：Native）解析：解析 從起源上來(lái)看，英語(yǔ)詞匯可分為本族語(yǔ)詞和外來(lái)語(yǔ)詞。英語(yǔ)本族語(yǔ)詞是公元5世紀(jì)由日耳曼部落盎格魯人、撒克遜人和朱特人帶入英國(guó)的，又稱盎格魯-撒克遜詞語(yǔ)。答案為Native。33.Bound morphemes include two types: bound root and 1.（分?jǐn)?shù)：1.50）填空項(xiàng)1:_ （正確答案：affix）解析：解析 Bound morphemes include two types: bound root and affix. 粘附詞素有兩

42、類：粘附詞根和詞綴。答案為affix。34.According to suffixation theory, "villager" is called denominal noun and "employer" is called 1 noun.（分?jǐn)?shù)：1.50）填空項(xiàng)1:_ （正確答案：deverbal）解析：解析 employer(雇員)是由動(dòng)詞employ(雇傭)轉(zhuǎn)化來(lái)的，是由動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化來(lái)的名詞。答案為deverbal。35.Not every word has 1. For example, "probable", &

43、quot;nearly", "and", "if", "but" and "yes", all have some sense, but none of them refer to anything in the world.（分?jǐn)?shù)：1.50）填空項(xiàng)1:_ （正確答案：reference）解析：解析 并不是每個(gè)詞都有所指。比如：probable(可能的)，nearly(幾乎)，and(和)等等。雖然它們都有意義，但在外界事物中都不存在所指。答案為reference。36.The 1 approa

44、ch deals with the changes and the development of vocabulary in the course of time.（分?jǐn)?shù)：1.50）填空項(xiàng)1:_ （正確答案：diachronic）解析：解析 歷時(shí)法涉及了詞匯在歷史中的變化和發(fā)展。答案為diachronic。37.Homonyms are different from polysemants in etymology and 1 relatedness.（分?jǐn)?shù)：1.50）填空項(xiàng)1:_ （正確答案：semantic）解析：解析 The fundamental differenc

45、e between homonyms and polysemants lies in two aspects：etymology and semantic relatedness. 同形同音異義詞與多義詞的區(qū)別在于詞源和語(yǔ)義是否相關(guān)。答案為semantic。38.When a common word is turned into a proper noun, the meaning is 1 accordingly.（分?jǐn)?shù)：1.50）填空項(xiàng)1:_ （正確答案：narrowed）解析：解析 when a common word is turned into a proper noun,

46、 the meaning is narrowed accordingly. 普通名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為專有名詞時(shí)，詞義也隨之縮小。答案為narrowed。39.When a new word appears for the" first time, the author usually manages to give hints or 1 in the context to help the readers.（分?jǐn)?shù)：1.50）填空項(xiàng)1:_ （正確答案：clues）解析：解析 In many cases, when a new word appears for the first tim

47、e, the author generally manages to give hints which might help the readers to grasp the concept or understand the idea. Context clues vary a great deal but can be summed up. 可以看出，作者對(duì)第一次出現(xiàn)的新單詞，常常給予暗示和提供一些語(yǔ)義線索。答案為clues。40.In some idioms, a constituent may be replaced by a word of the same part of 1, r

48、esulting in synonymous or antonymous idioms.（分?jǐn)?shù)：1.50）填空項(xiàng)1:_ （正確答案：speech）解析：解析 在有些習(xí)語(yǔ)中，其中的一個(gè)成分可能被同一詞性的詞所替代，結(jié)果導(dǎo)致同義或反義習(xí)語(yǔ)的產(chǎn)生。答案為speech。三、B./B(總題數(shù)：5，分?jǐn)?shù)：15.00)41.translation-loan（分?jǐn)?shù)：3.00）_正確答案：(Translation-loans are words and expressions formed from the existing material in the English language but m

49、odelled on the patterns taken from another language.)解析：42.zero derivation（分?jǐn)?shù)：3.00）_正確答案：(Conversion is generally considered to be a derivational process whereby an item is adapted or converted to a new word class without the addition of an affix. Hence the name zero-derivation.)解析：43.lexical meanin

50、g（分?jǐn)?shù)：3.00）_正確答案：(Lexical meaning is constant in all the content words within or without context as it is related to the notion that the word conveys. Lexical meaning itself has two components：conceptual meaning and associative meaning.)解析：44.degradation（分?jǐn)?shù)：3.00）_正確答案：(Degradation is a process whereb

51、y words of good origin fall into ill reputation or non-affective words come to be used in derogatiory sense.)解析：45.a variation of an idiom（分?jǐn)?shù)：3.00）_正確答案：(1)an idiom with some changes in form; (2)used in the same meaning or similar meaning.)解析：四、B./B(總題數(shù)：4，分?jǐn)?shù)：20.00)46.What are the differences between

52、 a bound morpheme and a bound root?（分?jǐn)?shù)：5.00）_正確答案：(Morphemes which cannot occur as separate words are bound. Bound morphemes include bound root and affix. Bound root is only a type of bound morpheme.)解析：47.What accounts for the relationships of arbitrary and conventional between reference and a thing outside the language?（分?jǐn)?shù)