新視野第三版第三冊課后翻譯及答案

1、Unit1 英譯漢 Global citizen is someone who identifies with being part of an emerging world community and whose actions contribute to building this community's values and practices. Global citizenship believes that humankind is essentially one and each individual has the power to change things. In o

2、ur interdependent world, global citizenship encourages us to recognize our responsibilities toward each other and learn from each other. Global citizens care about education, disease, poverty, and environmental issues around the world. Today, the forces of global engagement are helping some people i

3、dentify themselves as global citizens who have a sense of belonging to a world community. This growing global identity in large part is made possible by the forces of modern information, communications and transportation technologies. Global citizenship aims to empower people to lead their own actio

4、n. Along with the knowledge and values that they have gained from learning about global issues, people need to be equipped with the necessary skills to give themselves the ability and confidence to be pro-active in making a positive difference in the world.世界公民是指一個人承認自己是新興的全球社區(qū)的一分子， 而且其行動對全球社區(qū)的價值打 造

5、和實踐活動有所貢獻。世界公民相信人類從本質(zhì)上來說是一個整體，每 個人都有改變事 物的能力。在我們這樣一個相互依賴的世界中， 世界公民意識鼓勵我們認識到對彼此的責任， 并從對方身上學習。世界公民關(guān)心全球的教育、疾病、 貧窮和環(huán)境問題。在當今，全球合 作的力量在使一些人萌發(fā)世界公民的意識， 讓他們擁有對全球社區(qū)的歸屬感。 這種不斷發(fā)展 的世界公民意識在很大程度上來講，要 歸功于現(xiàn)代信息、通信和交通技術(shù)的力量。世界公 民意識致力于給予人們力量， 讓他們付諸行動。 世界公民除了要從世界問題中學習知識和價 值觀，還要擁有必需的 技能，使他們擁有能力和自信，積極推動世界的發(fā)展。漢譯英 如今，很多年輕人不再

6、選擇 "穩(wěn)定 "的工作，他們更愿意自主創(chuàng)業(yè)，依靠自己的智慧和奮斗去 實現(xiàn)自我價值。青年創(chuàng)業(yè)( young entrepreneurship )是未來國家經(jīng)濟活力的來源，創(chuàng)業(yè)者的 成功不但會創(chuàng)造財富、增加就業(yè)機會、改善大家的生活，從長遠來看，對于國家更是一 件 好事， 創(chuàng)業(yè)者正是讓中國經(jīng)濟升級換代的力量。尤其是在當前，國家鼓勵大眾創(chuàng)業(yè)、萬眾創(chuàng) 新，在政策上給予中小企業(yè)支持，這更加激發(fā)了年輕人的創(chuàng)業(yè)熱情。Nowadays, many young people no longer choose“ stable ” jobs. Instead, they prefer to sta

7、rt theirown businesses and realize their self-value through their own wisdom and efforts. Young entrepreneurship is the source of national economic vitality in the future. The success of entrepreneurs not only creates fortune, increases job opportunities, improves people life, but it is' salso g

8、ood for the country in the long term. Entrepreneurs are a driving force in upgrading China economy. Especially for the time being, our country is encouraging people to start their own businesses and make innovations and giving policy support for medium and small businesses. This further arouses youn

9、g people's enthusiasm to start their own businesses.Unit2 英譯漢 The American Dream is a national ethos ( 精神特質(zhì) ) of the United States. The term is used in many ways, but it essentially is an idea that suggests that anyone in the US can succeed through hard work and has the potential to lead a happy

10、, successful life. Many people have expanded upon or refined the definition to include things such as freedom, fulfillment and meaningful relationships. The idea of an American Dream is older than the US, dating back to the 1600s, when people began to have all sorts of hopes and aspirations for what

11、 was a new and largely unexplored continent to European immigrants. And the meaning of the Dream has changed over the course of history, including both personal components and a global vision. But not everybody thinks the American Dream is a positive thing. Some people believe that the structure of

12、society in the US prevents such an idealistic goal for everyone. Critics often point to examples of inequality rooted in class, race, religion and ethnicity that suggest that the American Dream is not attainable for everyone.美國夢是美利堅合眾國的民族精神。 該詞有各種各樣的用法， 但其根本含義是， 在美國任何 人都可以通過努力獲得成功，都有可能過上幸福而成功的生活。許多人

13、對 美國夢的概念加 以拓展和提煉， 涵蓋了像自由、 自我實現(xiàn)和深厚的人際關(guān)系等方面的內(nèi)容。 美國夢的思想比 美國本身更為久遠， 可以追溯到 17 世紀，當時的歐洲移 民面對這一新發(fā)現(xiàn)的、 未經(jīng)開發(fā)的 廣袤大陸，開始紛紛懷揣希望，追逐夢想。隨著歷史的發(fā)展，美國夢的含義也已改變，既包 含了個人元素，也包含了全局視野。但 并不是每個人都對美國夢持肯定態(tài)度。一些人認為 美國的社會結(jié)構(gòu)決定了不是每個人都能擁有這樣的理想目標。 批評者常常舉以實例， 揭露植 根于階級、種族、宗教 和民族的不平等現(xiàn)象，指出美國夢并非每個人都可企及。漢譯英實現(xiàn)中華民族偉大復興( rejuvenation )是近代以來中國人民最

14、偉大的夢想，我們稱之為 “中 國夢 ”，其基本內(nèi)涵是實現(xiàn)國家富強、民族振興、人民幸 福。中國夢，是讓每一個積極進取 的中國人形成世世代代的信念： 只要經(jīng)過不懈的奮斗便能獲得更好的生活。 人們必須通過自 己的勤奮、勇氣、創(chuàng)意和決心邁向繁 榮，而不是依賴于社會和他人的援助。每個中國人都 是中國夢的參與者和創(chuàng)造者。中國夢是民族的夢，也是每個中國人的夢。Realizing the great national rejuvenation, which we define as the Chinese Dream, has been the greatest Chinese expectation sin

15、ce modern times. It basically means achieving prosperity for the country, renewal of the nation and happiness for the people, thus ensuring that every enterprising Chinese carries, generation after generation, the firm conviction that a better life is accomplished through persistent effort. People s

16、hould achieve their prosperity through diligence, courage, creativity and determination instead of aid from society or other people. Each individual is a participant and a designer in the cause of realizing the Chinese Dream, for it is a dream not only for the entire nation but also for every Chines

17、e.Unit3 英譯漢Leonardo da Vinci, one of the greatest minds of the Italian Renaissance, is perhaps the most diversely talented person ever to have lived. A painter, sculptor, architect, mathematician, engineer, and inventor, he is famous for a wide range of accomplishments. His natural genius, which cro

18、ssed multiple disciplines, won him the title of "Renaissance Master". Leonardo is renowned primarily as a painter. Among his works, the Mona Lisa is the best known and The Last Supper the most reproduced religious painting of all time. What make Leonardo's drawings unique are mainly hi

19、s innovative techniques and acute scientific mind. Perhaps only 15 of his paintings have survived, partly because his constant experimentation with new techniques made his total output quite small. Although not a prolific ( 多產(chǎn)的 ) painter, Leonardo was a most productive draftsman, keeping journals fu

20、ll of sketches, drawings, and diagrams. These notebooks, often referred to as da Vinci's manuscripts, recorded his inventions, observations, and theories about everything that captured his attention. Leonard's genius made him a pioneer in almost every field of study he undertook. His paintin

21、gs, together with his notebooks, have contributed significantly to the historyof art.萊奧納多 ?達 ?芬奇是意大利文藝復興時期最偉大的思想家之一，也許也是迄今最多才多藝的人。他是畫家、雕刻家、建筑家、數(shù)學家、工程師和發(fā)明家，因成就廣 泛而聞名。他的天 賦跨越多個領(lǐng)域，為其贏得了 “文藝復興大師 ”的稱號。萊奧納多主要作為畫家而著名。 在其 所有作品中，蒙娜 麗莎最為有名，而最后的晚餐則是歷來復制最多的宗教畫作。萊奧納多作品的獨特之處主要在于其創(chuàng)新性的技巧和敏銳的科學思維。他的畫作大約只有15 幅流傳了下來，其

22、部分原因是他 不斷試驗新的技巧，所以作品總量很小。萊奧納多雖然 不是多產(chǎn)畫家， 卻是一位最高產(chǎn)的繪圖家，他在日記中畫滿了各種草圖、圖畫和圖表。這些筆記通常被稱為達 ?芬奇手稿， 記錄了他的各種發(fā)明、 觀察， 以及他對自己感興趣的事物提 出的理論。 萊奧納多的天賦使他幾乎在涉足的每一領(lǐng)域都成了先驅(qū)。他的畫作， 連同他的筆記，在藝術(shù)史上貢獻斐然。漢譯英 水墨畫( ink and wash painting )是中國獨具特色的傳統(tǒng)藝術(shù)形式之一，是中國國畫的代表。其間經(jīng)歷了不斷的 發(fā)展、宣紙和墨， 其作品特點層次。水墨和宣紙的交它大約始于唐代， 興盛于宋代和元代， 距今已有一千多年的歷史， 提高和完善

23、。 水墨畫的創(chuàng)作工具和材料是具有濃厚中國特色的毛筆、 也與此緊密相關(guān)。例如，水和墨相互調(diào)和，使作品具有干濕濃淡的 融滲透也使畫作善于表現(xiàn)豐富的意象， 從而達到獨特的審美效果。 水墨畫在中國繪畫史上具 有很高的地位，甚至被認為是衡量東方繪畫藝術(shù)水平的標準。China, is representative ofInk and wash painting, one of the unique traditional art forms ofChinese painting. It began around the time of the Tang Dynasty, and then prospere

24、d in the Song and Yuan dynasties. With a history of over one thousand years, it has experienced constant development, improvement and perfection. The tools and materials used to create ink and wash painting, i.e. brushes, rice paper, and ink, are characteristic of Chinese culture and closely related

25、 to the features of the paintings. For example, the mixing of water and ink creates different shades of dryness, wetness, thickness and thinness. The integration and infiltration of water, ink, and rice paper enables such paintings to convey rich images, and hence to achieve unique aesthetic effects

26、.Ink and wash painting holds a high status in the history of Chinese painting, and it is even regarded as the criterion to evaluate the artistic level of Oriental paintings.Unit4英譯漢Venice is the world's famous island city in northern Italy. Founded in the 5th century, Venice became a major marit

27、ime power in the 10th century. In the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, Venice was a major center for commerce and trade, and became an extremely wealthy European city, a leader in political and economic affairs. After several hundred years in power, Venice began to decline in the 15th century. Nowad

28、ays, it is regarded as one of the world's most beautiful cities and one of the most important tourist destinations in the world. Venice has a rich and diverse architectural style, the most famous of which is the Gothic style. Venice is also known for several important artistic movements in histo

29、ry, especially the Renaissance period. The influence of Venice on the development of architecture and arts has been considerable. Today, it is still playing an important role in contemporary arts and popular cultures. In 1987, Venice was listed as a World Heritage Site. In March 1980, Venice became

30、a sister city of China's Suzhou City. 威尼斯是意大利北部一座世界聞名的島城。威尼斯建立于公元5世紀，在公元 10 世紀時成為一支重要的海上力量。在中世紀和文藝復興時期，威尼斯曾是重要的商貿(mào)中心，是當時15歐洲極為富裕的城市，在政治和經(jīng)濟事務中居領(lǐng)導地位。幾百年的興盛之后，威尼斯在 世紀開始衰落。如今，威尼斯被公認為是全世界最美的城 市之一，也是全世界最重要的旅 游勝地之一。 威尼斯的建筑風格豐富多樣， 其中最出名的是哥特式風格。 威尼斯還因歷史上 的幾次重要的藝術(shù)運動而聞名，特別是文 藝復興時期。威尼斯對建筑和藝術(shù)的發(fā)展影響巨 大。至今，威尼斯仍對

31、現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)和流行文化的發(fā)展起著重要作用。 1987 年，威尼斯被列入 世界遺產(chǎn)名錄 。 1980 年 3 月，威尼斯與中國蘇州結(jié)為 “友好城市 ”。漢譯英 麗江地處云南省西北部， 境內(nèi)多山。 麗江古城坐落在玉龍雪山腳下， 是一座風景秀麗的歷史 文化名城，也是我國保存完好的少數(shù)民族古城之一。麗江古城始建于南 宋，距今約有 800 年的歷史。 麗江不僅歷史悠久， 而且民族眾多，少數(shù)民族人口占全區(qū)人口的半數(shù)以上。 隨著 麗江旅游業(yè)的發(fā)展，到麗江古城觀光游覽的中外游客 日益增多。 1997 年 12 月，麗江古城 申報世界文化遺產(chǎn)獲得成功，填補了中國在世界文化遺產(chǎn)中無歷史文化名城的空白。Lijiang

32、is a mountainous city in northwest Yunnan Province. The old town of Lijiang, located at the foot of Jade Dragon Snow Mountain, is a town of scenic beauty and known for its history and culture. It is also a well-preserved old town with features of ethnic minorities. The construction work of the old t

33、own was started from the Southern Song Dynasty about 800 years from now. Not only does Lijiang boast a long history, but also it boasts many ethnic minorities who make up over a half of the total population in the region. With the booming of Lijiang tourism, the old town of Lijiang is receiving a gr

34、owing number of tourists from home and abroad. In December 1997, the old town succeeded in applying to be named a World Cultural Heritage Site, filling the gap of lacking a noted historical and cultural city in China on the World Cultural Heritage List.Unit5 英譯漢 The English ceremony of afternoon tea

35、 dates back to the 1840s. The tradition evolved out of the rituals and routines that surrounded tea drinking in Britain before that time. Tea was first introduced to England in the late 1650s, but for a long time, it was only consumed by the royal family and the aristocracy due to its high cost. The

36、 habit of having afternoon tea did not become established until almost 200 years later. In those days, the British ate only two daily meals: a large breakfast late in the morning and a late dinner around 8 o'clock in the evening. Anna, the 7th Duchess of Bedford, can be credited for creating the

37、 tradition of afternoon tea to soothe hunger pangs before supper. She invited friends to join her for an additional afternoon meal at four to five o'clock. The menu included tea and snacks such as dainty cakes and sandwiches. Fine porcelain （ 瓷器 ） was used to serve this minor feast. Afternoon te

38、a soon became popular, and is now a symbol of the elegant British way of life. As novelist Henry James wrote, "There are few hours in life more agreeable than the hour dedicated to the ceremony known as afternoon tea." 英式下午茶的儀式可以追溯到 19 世紀 40 年代，該傳統(tǒng)是由之前英國的茶飲儀式和習慣發(fā)展 而來的。茶最初在 17 世紀 50 年代晚期被引入

39、英國，但由于價格昂 貴，所以很長一段時間 里，只有皇家和貴族才能享用。 直到將近 200 多年之后， 英國人才養(yǎng)成吃下午茶的習慣。在 當時，英國人一日兩餐：快接近中午時分的豐盛 早餐和晚上八點左右的晚餐。據(jù)說第七代 貝德福德公爵夫人安娜開創(chuàng)了下午茶的傳統(tǒng)， 以此來緩解晚餐前的饑餓感。 她邀請朋友和她 一起在下午四五點鐘吃下午茶。 下午茶中包括茶和一些點心，比如精致的蛋糕及三明治。 這些小巧的美食用精美的瓷器盛裝。 下午茶很快就流行開來， 現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)成為優(yōu)雅英國生活方 式的一個象征。 正如小說家亨利 ?詹姆斯寫道的那樣： “人生鮮有比全心全意享用下午茶這 一儀式更愜意的時刻了。 ” 漢譯英中國是茶

40、的故鄉(xiāng)，也是茶文化的發(fā)源地。自古以來，茶就被譽為中華民族的 “國飲 ”。無論是 文人墨客生活中的 “琴棋書畫詩酒茶 ”，還是平民百姓生活中的 “柴米 油鹽醬醋茶 ”，茶都是 必備品。同時，中國又是文明古國，禮儀之邦。凡是來了客人或朋友，沏茶、敬茶的禮儀必 不可少。隨著中外文化交流和商業(yè)貿(mào)易的發(fā)展，中 國茶及茶文化傳向了全世界?，F(xiàn)在五大 洲有不少國家種茶， 也有很多國家從中國進口茶。 中國茶和中國的絲綢及瓷器一樣， 已經(jīng)成 為中國在全世界的代名詞。China is the hometown of tea and the birthplace of tea culture. Since ancie

41、nt times, tea has been known as the "national drink" of China. In both the Chinese scholars' seven daily necessities, namely music, chess, calligraphy, painting, poetry, wine and tea and common people's seven ones, namely firewood, rice, oil, salt, soy sauce, vinegar and tea, tea i

42、s listed as one of the necessities. Meanwhile, China is a country with ancient civilization and a land of courtesy. The practice of making and serving tea is essential whenever there are guests or friends. With the development of cultural exchange, commerce and trade between China and other countrie

43、s, Chinese tea and tea culture spread to the world. Today, a number of countries across the five continents grow tea plants, and many countries import tea from China. Chinese tea, like Chinese silk and chinaware, has become synonymous with China in the world.Unit6 英譯漢 Homer's epics are said to b

44、e written by an ancient Greek blind poet Homer, who is revered as the greatest of ancient Greek epic poets. The epics include two great works of Greek history: the Iliad and the Odyssey. The two epics are the earliest works of Greek literature, and are among the greatest treasures of the ancient wor

45、ld, regarded by Westerners as the greatest epics in history. They have had an enormous influence on the history of literature and are of great value for the study of history, geography, archeology and folklore. Both the epics are divided into 24 volumes, the Iliad containing 15,693 lines and the Ody

46、ssey 12,110 lines. The Iliad is the oldest surviving work of Greek literature, which tells the story of the 10-year siege of the city of Troy. The Odyssey mainly centers on the Greek hero Odysseus and his journey home after the fall of Troy. Given the concise language, vivid plots and characters, Ho

47、mer's epics are great masterpieces of literature and occupy an important position in the world literature history.荷馬史詩據(jù)傳是由古希臘盲詩人荷馬創(chuàng)作，他被推崇為古希臘最偉大的史詩詩人。 荷 馬史詩由反映希臘歷史的兩部巨著伊利亞特和奧德賽組成，是 希臘文學最早的 著作， 也是古代世界最偉大的瑰寶之一， 被西方人認為是歷史上最偉大的史詩。 這兩部史詩 對文學的發(fā)展產(chǎn)生了巨大影響，并對研究歷史、地理、考 古以及民俗具有重大的價值。兩 部史詩都分為 24 卷，伊利亞特有 15,6

48、93 行，奧德賽有 12,110 行。伊利亞特是現(xiàn) 存希臘文學中最早的著 作，講述的是特洛伊十年圍城的故事。 奧德賽 則主要講述希臘英 雄奧德修斯以及他在特洛伊陷落之后回家途中發(fā)生的故事。 荷馬史詩以其精煉的語言、 生動 的情節(jié)和人物形象被認為是偉大的文學杰作，在世界文學史上享有重要地位。漢譯英孫子兵法(The Art of War)是我國古代著名的軍事家(strategist)孫武的著作。它既是一 部經(jīng)典的軍事著作， 又 是一部光輝的哲學著作， 是我國燦爛的古代文化中一份珍貴的遺產(chǎn)。 孫武在書中揭示了一系列具有普遍意義的軍事規(guī)律， 提出了一套完整的軍事理論體系。 這一 理論 體系不僅深受戰(zhàn)國

49、以來歷代軍事家的重視和推崇，對他們的軍事思想和實踐產(chǎn)生了重 要的影響，而且在世界軍事思想領(lǐng)域也擁有廣泛的影響，享有極高的聲譽。The Art of War was written by Sun Wu, a famous ancient Chinese strategist. A classic work not only of military value but also of great philosophical significance, The Art of War is a precious heritage of brilliant ancient Chinese culture

50、. Sun Wu disclosed in his book a series of military rules and principles, and put forward a complete system of military theory. His theory has been highly regarded by strategists since the Warring States Period and exerted strong impacts on their thought and practice. Moreover, it has yielded a worl

51、dwide influence in the field of military thought, enjoying extremely high prestige.Unit7 英譯漢 The WTO, established on January 1, 1995, intends to supervise and liberalize international trade. The organization deals with regulation of trade between participating countries; it provides a framework for

52、negotiating and formalizing trade agreements, and a dispute resolution process aimed at enforcing participants' adherence (遵守 ) to WTO agreements, which are signed by representatives of member governments and ratified ( 批準 ) by their parliaments. The process of becoming a WTO member is unique to

53、 each applicant country, and the terms of accession are dependent upon the country's stage of economic development and current trade regime (體制 ). China became a member of the WTO on December 11, 2001. The admission of China to the WTO was preceded by a lengthy process of negotiations and requir

54、ed significant changes to the Chinese economy. It also meant a deeper integration of China into the world economy. The admission of China to the WTO was an enormous multilateral ( 多邊的 ) achievement which marked a clear commitment toward multilateralism from the Chinese perspective.世界貿(mào)易組織成立于 1995 年 1

55、 月 1 日，旨在監(jiān)督和促進國際貿(mào)易自由化。該組織負責對成 員國之間的貿(mào)易進行調(diào)控，為貿(mào)易協(xié)定的談判和形成制定框架，并提供 爭端解決機制以敦 促成員國遵守世貿(mào)協(xié)定， 而這些協(xié)定皆為各成員國政府的代表所簽署且獲得其立法機構(gòu)的批 準。每一個申請國加入世貿(mào)組織的過程各不相同，加入 的條件取決于該國經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的階段 和現(xiàn)行貿(mào)易體制。 中國在 2001 年 12 月 11 日成為世貿(mào)組織成員國， 是在經(jīng)歷了漫長的談判， 并按要求對中國經(jīng)濟作出重大改 變之后才得以加入的，這也意味著中國經(jīng)濟能更深入地融 入到世界經(jīng)濟中。 中國加入世貿(mào)組織是一項巨大的多邊成果， 而對中國而言， 這也標志著其 致力于多邊貿(mào)易 的

56、明確承諾。漢譯英上海自貿(mào)區(qū)(Shanghai Free Trade Zone)是中國政府于 2013年設立在上海的自由貿(mào)易區(qū)。 上海自貿(mào)區(qū)總面積為 28.78平方公里，是中國大陸境內(nèi)第一個自由貿(mào)易區(qū)，也是進行一系列 經(jīng)濟 改革的 “試驗田 ”( testing ground )。設立上海自貿(mào)區(qū)是順應全球經(jīng)貿(mào)發(fā)展新趨勢，實行 更加積極主動開放戰(zhàn)略的一項重大舉措。 其主要任務是為全面深化改革開放探索新路徑、 積 累新 經(jīng)驗。上海自貿(mào)區(qū)作為試點(pilot project),是中國經(jīng)濟的試金石”(touchstone),將為深化改革、促進經(jīng)濟活力起到積極的推動作用。Shanghai Free Tra

57、de Zone is a free trade zone in Shanghai that was launched in 2013 by the Chinese government. Covering an area of 28.78 square kilometers, Shanghai Free Trade Zone is the first of its kind in China's mainland, and is regarded as a "testing ground" for a number of economic reforms. The

58、establishment of the free trade zone is a significant measure taken to actively promote the opening-up strategy under the new global economic and trade situation. It undertakes a major task to explore new ways and accumulate new experience for the deepening of reform and opening up in an all-round w

59、ay. As a pilot project, Shanghai Free Trade Zone will become a "touchstone" for Chinese economy. It will play an active role in deepening reforms and boosting economic vigor.Unit8 英譯漢 The New Year's Concert of the Vienna Philharmonic （ 愛樂樂團 ） is a concert of classical music that takes

60、place each year in the morning of New Year's Day in Vienna, Austria. The music always includes pieces from the Strauss family with occasional additional music from other main Austrian composers. The demand for tickets is so high that people have to pre-register one year in advance in order to participate in the