Languagepointsunit4BOOK2必修二第4單元語法

1、人教課標人教課標 高一高一 必修必修 2 Unit 41. wild adj. living in a natural state, not changed or controlled by humanswild flowersa wild rabbitbe wild about sth/sb 熱衷于熱衷于 in the wild 在野外在野外wild woods 原始森林原始森林 talk wildly胡扯胡扯 wildlife n. (不可數不可數) animals and plants growing in natural conditionsa wildlife park1. thre

2、aten vt. 1) 恐嚇恐嚇; 威脅威脅threaten +n.+with+n. 以以.恐嚇恐嚇.The robber threatened me with a gun.threaten to do 恐嚇說要恐嚇說要.He threatened to make the photo public.2) 迫近迫近 A typhoon was threatening.threat n. threatening adj. 恐嚇的恐嚇的, 威脅的威脅的Language Points Language Points 2. decrease vt./vi./n. 減少減少, 使變小或變少使變小或變少 T

3、he membership decreased to 150. He decreased the speed of his car. on the decrease 在減少中在減少中 decrease to 減少到減少到 decrease by 減少了減少了 decreasing adj. 減少中的減少中的, 在遞減的在遞減的 比較比較 increase 4. die out: 1) Elephants would die out soon if men were allowed to shoot as many as they wish. Many old customs are dying

4、 out. 3）The fire died out in the end. 滅絕滅絕, 絕種絕種 逐漸消失逐漸消失熄滅熄滅die away: (光、聲音光、聲音)慢慢消失慢慢消失; (風風)停下來停下來He hid behind the door until the footsteps had died away. The wind died away, and the leaves became silent. die off: 一一死去一一死去; 先后死去先后死去The members of the family had all died off for no reason.die fro

5、m die of 一般指除了疾病、情感、饑寒以外的原因一般指除了疾病、情感、饑寒以外的原因而造成的死亡而造成的死亡, 指死于指死于外因外因。常指由于疾病、情感、饑寒等原因而造成的常指由于疾病、情感、饑寒等原因而造成的死亡死亡, 指死于指死于內因內因。He died from drinking/smoking/overwork. His father died of cold and hunger before liberation. be dying for 很想要很想要, 渴望渴望be dying to do 很想做某事很想做某事The old man _ drinking dirty wa

6、ter.The old man _ cancer.died fromdied of請用適當的介詞填空請用適當的介詞填空1) Whales will die _, if we dont protect them.2) Nowadays every woman is dying _ fair skin.3) The trees are dying _ because of the drought.outforoff4) The weak light is dying _.5) His anger died _ after being given some money.6) About 10 mil

7、lion people die _ cancer every year.7) Some people die _ the lack of water in the dry areas.awaydownoffrom 5. endanger vt.使使遭受危害遭受危害 Smoking endangers health. in danger 處于危險之中處于危險之中 The patient is in danger. be in danger of 有有危險危險(外來的危險外來的危險) out of danger 脫離危險脫離危險 endangered adj. 瀕危的瀕危的 dangerous 危

8、險的危險的 in+ n. in turn in return in trouble in vain(徒然的徒然的) in time in need I hear Tim once was _ of losing his life, but now he is _. A. in danger, out of danger B. in the danger, out of danger C. in danger , out of dangerous D. in danger, out of the dangerA6. loss n. Have you reported the loss of th

9、e technical papers about the new product to the police? 2) His unfortunate death was a great loss to the company. 3) That company suffered heavy loss in business last year. 丟失丟失, 遺失遺失巨大的損失巨大的損失虧損虧損損失損失, 遺失遺失, 喪失喪失be at a loss adj. 困惑困惑, 不知所措不知所措I was at a complete loss as to find the money in time.

10、She was at a loss for an answer.thats your/their loss (口語口語)那是你們的那是你們的/他們的損失他們的損失Well, if he doesnt want to come its his loss. 好吧好吧, 如果他不愿意來如果他不愿意來, 那是他的損失。那是他的損失。7. reserve 1) n: nature reserve We have large reserve of oil. 2) vt: Youd better reserve some moneyfor future need. Id like to reserve a

11、table for two.自然保護區(qū)自然保護區(qū)儲備儲備保留保留預定預定reservation n.預定預定8. hunt He likes hunting very much. Weve been hunting for the lost boy all over. 3) It was an exciting hunt, but the fox escaped.4) He is on the hunt for a better job. v. 打獵打獵v. 搜索搜索 n. 打獵打獵n. 搜尋搜尋hunter 獵人獵人 huntress 女獵人女獵人 a hunting dog 獵狗獵狗 a

12、hunting ground 狩獵場狩獵場 hunt for/after 追逐追逐, 尋找尋找 go hunting 去打獵去打獵hunt for: search for 尋找尋找; 尋求尋求hunt for a lost book house-hunting job-hunting9. zone: 指具有某些特殊性而被稱為指具有某些特殊性而被稱為“地地帶帶, 特區(qū)特區(qū)”等。等。 the Special Economic Zone of Shenzhen a war/danger zone a residential zone This is a no-smoking zone. a nucl

13、ear-free zone 無核區(qū)無核區(qū)district: 一個國家或城市的行政管理區(qū)一個國家或城市的行政管理區(qū)the Hongkou District of Shanghaia postal districtregion: 指較大的行政區(qū)域或地理上有指較大的行政區(qū)域或地理上有某種特色的自然地域單位某種特色的自然地域單位the Hongkong Special Administrative Regionthe Arctic regionbelt: 指具有某一特色的地帶指具有某一特色的地帶 a green belt a snow belt a countrys cotton /industria

14、l beltarea: 應用范圍最廣應用范圍最廣Do you like the area where you are living?10. in peace 平靜的平靜的; 安靜的安靜的 at peace 休戰(zhàn)休戰(zhàn), 和睦相處和睦相處 I live in peace in the country. The two nations are now at peace. All Iraq people look forward to living in peace. make peace (with) 講和講和; 重新和好重新和好 The two countries are _ now, but t

15、hey used to be at war. A. in peace B. at peaceB2. respond vi. 回答回答, 響應響應, 做出反應做出反應(與介詞與介詞to 連用連用)eg. He didnt respond to my question. His illness didnt respond to treatment by drugs. 他的疾病對藥物治療沒反應。他的疾病對藥物治療沒反應。 response n. in response to 作為對作為對.的反應的反應eg. He smiled in response to my suggestion. =He re

16、sponded to my suggestion with a smile. responsibility n. take /have responsibility for6. in relief 如釋重負如釋重負; 松了口氣松了口氣 Hearing that he has passed the exam, in relief he went to play basketball.relief n. (焦慮、恐懼、痛苦等的焦慮、恐懼、痛苦等的)減輕；減輕；緩解緩解; 寬慰寬慰; 減輕痛苦的事物減輕痛苦的事物; 救濟救濟(品品)relief from sth. 減輕減輕eg. The drug

17、gives some relief from pain. 這種藥可以減輕一些痛苦。這種藥可以減輕一些痛苦。It was a great relief to find theyre safe.The government sent relief to people who lost their homes in the earthquake.(much) to ones relief=to ones (great)relief使某人使某人(很很)寬慰寬慰/放心的是放心的是eg. To my relief ,they arrived safly.7. burst into laughter=bur

18、st out laughingburst into tears/song=burst out crying/singingburst in 闖入闖入, 突然出現突然出現/到達到達, 插嘴插嘴, 打斷打斷改錯改錯: At my great relief, I wasnt late.When they heard the news, they burst into crying. To tears8. mercy n. 仁慈仁慈; 慈悲慈悲; 寬恕寬恕; 憐憫憐憫show mercy to sb/have mercy on sb 對某人憐憫、仁慈對某人憐憫、仁慈e.g. They showed m

19、ercy to their enemies.他們對敵人很仁慈。他們對敵人很仁慈。at the mercy of 任任處置處置; 無能為力無能為力e.g. The ship was at the mercy of the storm.那只船在暴風雨中失去控制。那只船在暴風雨中失去控制。without mercy 毫不留情地毫不留情地, 殘忍地殘忍地11. They allowed tourists to hunt only a certain number of animals if they paid the farmers. certain形容詞，在句中作定語，表示形容詞，在句中作定語，表示

20、“一定一定(數量的數量的)”。還有還有“”的意思，的意思，在句中作表語在句中作表語，常用，常用結構：結構： be certain to do sth.; be certain of / about sth.; It is certain that .; 主語主語 + be certain + that .還可表示還可表示“某個，某些，某種某個，某些，某種”，常，常用作定語，如：用作定語，如：for certain reasons，a certain Mr. Brown。9. certain adj. 確定的確定的; 有把握的有把握的(sure); 某一某一; 某種某種; 一定一定(some)F

21、or certain reasons /a certain reason, he will not come.Hes certain to pass the exam.=Its certain that hell pass the exam.辨析辨析: certain & sure of (doing) sth 共同點：共同點：make sure/certain that be certain/sure to do sth 肯定能做某事肯定能做某事be certain/sure of sth 對某事有把握對某事有把握區(qū)別：區(qū)別：certain 的主語既可以是指人的詞的主語既可以是指人的

22、詞, 也可以也可以是指物的詞是指物的詞, 而而sure 的主語通常為指人的詞的主語通常為指人的詞Its certain that the earth is round. (sure cant replace certain) 11. rub v.擦擦, 摩擦摩擦. sth on /over e.g. I often rub sun cream on my face in summer.12. protect sb /sth from (against) sth (doing sth) 保護保護.使其不受使其不受.; 擋住擋住; 防御防御e.g. Try to protect your skin

23、 from the sun.e.g. Kids should be protected from the violence.e.g. The walls were built to protect the country against the tection n. C. preventfromC. preventfromB. stopfromB. stopfromD. keepfromD. keepfromA. protectfrom A. protectfrom (keep sb or sth safe)(keep sb or sth safe)保護保護.不受不受阻止阻

24、止.做某事做某事An umbrella is used to _ people _ rain.An umbrella is used to _ people _ rain.Even the heavy rain cant _ him _ going to school. A line of forts(堡壘堡壘)was built along the border to _ the country _ being attacked.prevent protectfromfromA We must do our best to _ Tibetan antelopes _. A. prevent

25、from hunted B. protect from huntingC. preventfrom hunting D. protectfrom being huntedWe should take action immediately to prevent the earth from _. A. washing away B. being washed away C. to wash away D. to be washed awayB D 13. contain vt. 包含包含, 容納容納, 容忍容忍, 克制克制(強烈的感情強烈的感情)eg. The book contains lot

26、s of colorful pictures.The hall can contain 3000 people.He was so excited that he could hardly contain himself. include vt. 包含包含; 包括包括Tsinghua University includes many colleges.包含包含; 含有含有控制控制; 容忍容忍容納容納辨析辨析contain vt. 表示某物容納比其小的物品表示某物容納比其小的物品, 強調強調內容或內含物內容或內含物/成分。成分。include vt. 指包括作為整體的一個部分或要素。指包括作為整

27、體的一個部分或要素。eg. The album contains forty pictures, including ten of my brothers/ten of My brothers included.The album _ twelve songs in all,_ many classics.A includes; including B. contains; includedC. includes; included D. contains; including Six people were invited to his party, _ me.includingD 14.

28、affect vt. 影響影響 affection(見優(yōu)化見優(yōu)化)eg. A sudden change in weather may affect your health. 突然的天氣變化可能影響你的健康。突然的天氣變化可能影響你的健康。區(qū)別區(qū)別: effect n. 效應效應; 結果結果; 后果。后果。構成的短語構成的短語: have an effect on sb. / sth.eg. Did the medicine have any effect? 這藥有什么療效嗎？這藥有什么療效嗎？eg. The film had quite an effect on her. 這個影片對她影響很

29、大。這個影片對她影響很大。side effect 副作用副作用1) The habit of your life will have a great _ on your future.A. affect B. effect C. result D. mercy2) All the people in the room _ to tears.A. affected B. were affected C. effected D. had an effect on BB感動感動15. pay attention to: give your attention toe.g. Im sorry, I w

30、asnt paying attention to what you were saying. He _ what the teacher said. Thats why he didnt finish the exercises. paid no attention B. drew his attention to C. paid no attention to D. paid special attention toC 2) The air quality is getting worse and worse. We should pay more attention to _ the en

31、vironment. protecting B. protect C. be protected D. being protectedpay attention to 中中 to是介詞是介詞, 其后的動詞用動詞其后的動詞用動詞ing 形式。形式。A e.g. She waved to attract the waitress attention. I have been asked to draw your attention to the following points.attract / draw/ catch ones attention to引起某人的注意到引起某人的注意到fix /

32、 focus ones attention on 將注意力集中于將注意力集中于have sb.s attention 請某人注意請某人注意16. appreciate vt. 1) 感激感激; 感謝感謝eg. I appreciate your help. 我感謝你的幫助。我感謝你的幫助。2) 鑒賞鑒賞; 欣賞欣賞; 賞識賞識eg. Can you appreciate good wine? 你會鑒賞好酒嗎你會鑒賞好酒嗎?3) 察覺察覺; 意識到意識到eg. We appreciate the danger ahead. 我們意識到危險臨頭。我們意識到危險臨頭。appreciate+n/doi

33、ng, 后接從句時要先用后接從句時要先用it,再接從句。再接從句。常用于常用于Ill/d appreciate it if . 結構，結構，表示表示“假如假如，我將不勝感激，我將不勝感激”。Ill appreciate it if you help me with my English.None of us appreciate _ in our daily life.A. making fun of B. to make fun of C. to be made fun of D. being made fun ofD appreciate與與thank都表示感謝的意思，但都表示感謝的意思，

34、但是用法上有區(qū)別。是用法上有區(qū)別。appreciate表示感謝時，表示感謝時，后面不接后面不接“人人”而接表示而接表示“物物”的名詞；的名詞；thank表示感謝時，后面接表示感謝時，后面接“人人”，常用，常用于于thank sb.或或thank sb. for sth. / doing sth. 結構。結構。appreciate & thank18. succeed 1) vi. 成功成功 succeed in (doing) sth eg. Have you succeeded in (passing) the exam? =Have you managed to pass the

35、exam?succeed in doing sth =manage to do sth2)vi/vt. 繼繼.之后之后, 接著接著.發(fā)生發(fā)生, 繼承繼承 succeed (to) Spring succeeds( to) winter.3) vt. 繼承繼承(某人某人)之后擔任之后擔任Hell succeed his father as manager of the shop.拓展：拓展：success n. successful adj. successfully adv. successor n. 繼承者；繼承者； fail to do sth 19. employ vt./n. 雇用雇用

36、, 利用利用(時間、精力等時間、精力等)Im employed as /to be a teacher.Im employed to teach English here.Im employed in teaching English.=I employ myself in teaching English.You should employ your time better.employ sb as/to be. 雇用雇用.任命任命 be employed to do sth 受雇用做某事受雇用做某事be employed in sth/doing sth=employ oneself in

37、 sth/doing sth忙于某事忙于某事, 從事于某事從事于某事employer 雇主雇主 employee 雇員雇員 employment n.Its said that she _ in a computer companysince graduation. has employed B. has been employed C. had employed D. is employed20. harm 傷害傷害, 危害危害 n.u do sb harm=do harm to sbToo much drinking will do harm to you.vt. Too much dri

38、nking will harm you harmful adj. 有傷害的有傷害的 be harmful to =be bad forharmless adj. 無傷害的無傷害的Bbite v./n. 咬，叮，刺痛（咬，叮，刺痛（bit, bitten） Once bitten, twice shy. The dog bit the thief in the leg. 那只狗咬了小偷的腿。那只狗咬了小偷的腿。 bit sb. in/on the + 部位部位n. The dog gave the mailman a bite. bite off 咬掉咬掉 take a bite at 朝朝咬一

39、口咬一口1. come into being沒有被動語態(tài)，沒有進行時。沒有被動語態(tài)，沒有進行時。拓展：拓展： come into fashion 開始流行開始流行 come into power/ office 開始執(zhí)政，上臺開始執(zhí)政，上臺 come into force 開始生效開始生效 come into sight 被看見被看見 come into use 開始被使用開始被使用 come to realize 逐步意識到逐步意識到come into being 開始存在開始存在; 發(fā)生發(fā)生 我們不知道這世界是什么時候存在的。我們不知道這世界是什么時候存在的。 We dont know w

40、hen the world came into being.根據天氣預報根據天氣預報, 明天會下雨。明天會下雨。_, it will rain tomorrow.區(qū)別區(qū)別: 這本書是根據一個真實的故事寫的。這本書是根據一個真實的故事寫的。This book is _ a true story.3. According to a UN report, some 844 animals and plants have disappeared in the last 500 years.根據聯(lián)合國的一份報告根據聯(lián)合國的一份報告, 在過去在過去500年里年里, 大約大約844種動植物消失。種動植物消失

41、。based onAccording to the weather reportaccording to: 按照按照, 根據根據.所說所說3. as a result (of sth): 作為作為的結果的結果; 因此因此; 由于由于e.g. I was very busy. As a result, I couldnt take care of her. About twenty people were killed as a result of the big fire. As a result of what he said, mother got very angry.As a resu

42、lt of the earthquake, a lot of people lost their homes.They didnt have enough evidence. As a result, they gave up the charge.由于地震由于地震, 許多人失去了家園。許多人失去了家園。他們沒有足夠證據他們沒有足夠證據, 因此他們放棄了控告。因此他們放棄了控告。as a result of + 名詞性的東西名詞性的東西 “由于由于”拓展拓展:result from 起因于起因于result in 結果為結果為, 導致導致 The terrible accident _ his

43、 careless.2) His careless _ the terrible accident.resulted fromresulted in3) His carelessness _ the terrible accident. A. resulted from B. resulted in C. as a result of D. as a result4) Tom was very sick, _ he could not eat or sleep. A. as a result B. after all C. anyway D. however5) The car acciden

44、t _ the drivers carelessness. A. resulted in B. resulted of C. resulted from D. result forACB7. Daisy had always help endangered species of wildlife. 黛西一直都渴望幫助那些瀕臨滅絕的黛西一直都渴望幫助那些瀕臨滅絕的野生動植物。野生動植物。long作動詞時，后接不定式作動詞時，后接不定式“to do”或或以以for引導的介詞短語，意思是引導的介詞短語，意思是對對渴望，很想有渴望，很想有。Children are always longing for

45、 holidays.e.g. Im longing to see you again. She longed to have a holiday to go home and see her family again.3. fur n. (不可數名詞不可數名詞) 軟毛軟毛; 毛皮毛皮 e.g. a fur coat 但但 in furs 穿著皮衣穿著皮衣4. stomach n. 腹部腹部; 胃胃 e.g. He was lying on his stomach. I have a pain in my stomach =I have a stomachache. 我肚子痛我肚子痛have a

46、 stomach for 對對有胃口有胃口 I have no stomach for this heavy food.on a full stomach 吃飽時吃飽時on an empty stomach 空腹時空腹時 turn sbs stomach 想嘔吐想嘔吐 5. Our fur is being used to make sweaters我們的毛被用來制作毛衣我們的毛被用來制作毛衣is being done 是現在進行時的被動語態(tài)是現在進行時的被動語態(tài), 表示某個動作正在被進行。表示某個動作正在被進行。Your washing machine is being repaired i

47、n the factory. 你的洗衣機正在廠子里修。你的洗衣機正在廠子里修。With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth _ each year. is washing away B. is being washed away are washing awayD. are being washed awayD 10. suggest 提議提議; 建議建議 + sth + doing sth. + sbs doing sth. 1. I suggest a picnic on this weekend. 2.I

48、 suggest going on a picnic on this weekend.我建議周末去野餐。我建議周末去野餐。 3. I suggest your going on a picnic on this weekend.我建議你們周末去野餐。我建議你們周末去野餐。 + sth. to sb. 他向我們提議了一個新方案他向我們提議了一個新方案 He suggests a new plan to us. + that sb. ( should ) do sth.我建議我們用另一種方式來處理我建議我們用另一種方式來處理這個難題。這個難題。 I suggest that we (should)

49、 deal with this difficult problem in a different way. Its suggested that sb. ( should ) do sth. 有人提議立即下課。有人提議立即下課。 Its suggested that the class should be over at once. 當當suggest解為解為“暗示暗示,表明表明”時時, 從句從句要用一般陳述語氣要用一般陳述語氣, 不用虛擬語氣。不用虛擬語氣。 他的表情表明他很生氣。他的表情表明他很生氣。 His expression suggested that he was very angry. Her pale face suggests that she should be ill.is1)Recently quite a lot of experts _ that another law on wildlife protection _ as soon as possible.A. suggested ;must be passedB. have suggested; be passedC. were suggesting; was passedD. sugg