體育概論考研試題整理

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上1.體育功能：健身功能、娛樂功能、促進(jìn)個體社會化、社會情感、教育功能、政治功能、經(jīng)濟(jì)功能。 2.國際奧林匹克委員會：于1894年6月23成立，是現(xiàn)代奧林匹克的最高權(quán)力機(jī)構(gòu)，是國際奧林匹克運動的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者、捍衛(wèi)者、指導(dǎo)者和仲裁者，它是一個國際性的、非政府的、非盈利的組織。3.計劃經(jīng)濟(jì)下我國體育管理體制的主要特點。由政府主辦并主管，政府行使幾乎全部管理職權(quán)。經(jīng)費依靠財政撥款，國家承擔(dān)絕大部分經(jīng)濟(jì)義務(wù)。人員列入國家編制、業(yè)務(wù)脫離經(jīng)濟(jì)主體。4.體育文化:是在增加健康，提高生活質(zhì)量的過程中創(chuàng)造和形成的一切物質(zhì)和精神財富，包括與之相適應(yīng)的社會組織及規(guī)范體育活動的各種思想、制度、倫理道

2、德、審美觀念、還包括為達(dá)成目標(biāo)的各種改革舉措以及相應(yīng)的成果。5.電子競技運動：是人與人之間，運用計算機(jī)，通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)所營造的虛擬平臺，按照統(tǒng)一的競賽規(guī)則而進(jìn)行競賽的體育活動。6.國際單項體育聯(lián)合會：指在世界范圍內(nèi)管轄一項或幾項運動項目，并接納若干管轄這些項目的國家或地區(qū)級團(tuán)體的非官方國際體育組織，如國際足球聯(lián)合會.國際單項體育聯(lián)合會由各個國家或地區(qū)的單項協(xié)會組成，其最高權(quán)力機(jī)構(gòu)是定期舉行的代表大會，一般沒有技術(shù)專業(yè)委員，處理該項目的技術(shù)問題。9.不同類型體育體制比較： 政府主導(dǎo)型：優(yōu)點：有利于集中有限資源實現(xiàn)預(yù)期的目標(biāo) 不足：容易抑制社會對體育參與和支持的積極性。 社會主導(dǎo)型：優(yōu)點：有利于發(fā)揮社會

3、各方面的積極性，在各體育組織內(nèi)部進(jìn)行不受外 界干擾的管理。 不足：在全局上缺乏有力的協(xié)調(diào)和統(tǒng)一。 綜合型：優(yōu)點：有利于發(fā)揮政府和社會雙方面的積極性。 不足：在權(quán)限劃分和利益分配方面容易發(fā)生沖突10. 體育過程與健身過程關(guān)系：健身是一個多因素復(fù)雜的系統(tǒng)，也是一個完整的獨立的系統(tǒng)。它的唯一目的是促進(jìn)人的身心健康、和諧發(fā)展，提高生命存在的質(zhì)量。它涉及許多方面，健身有賴于、營養(yǎng)衛(wèi)生、優(yōu)生優(yōu)育、環(huán)境保護(hù)、身體鍛煉等多方面因素。體育中的運動項目和身體運動方式只是健身的手段之一，體育也無法代替健身的所有內(nèi)容。 從體育的角度來看，健身只是體育的功能之一而不是體育的唯一功能。體育過程具有健身、娛樂、促進(jìn)個體社會

4、化等多重功能。另一方面，體育過程的健身功能也是需要合理的調(diào)控才能實現(xiàn)的，并不是只要參與體育活動就一定能達(dá)到健身的目的。體育過程與健身過程既有區(qū)別又有密切聯(lián)系，所謂的體育就是以身體聯(lián)系為基本手段，促進(jìn)人身心和諧發(fā)展的文化活動。體育過程的健身功能是現(xiàn)代體育得以存在和發(fā)展的根本理由之一。 兩者是兩個不同的過程，它們既有區(qū)別又有聯(lián)系；既有重合部分，又不相互包括。人們需要辯證的理解體育與健身的關(guān)系11.社區(qū)體育與社會體育關(guān)系：社區(qū)體育是指在居民區(qū)內(nèi)開展的群眾性體育活動，有很強(qiáng)的區(qū)域性特點，而社會體育一般是指除學(xué)校體育以外的一切體育活動，無區(qū)域性限制。就社區(qū)體育而言，社區(qū)就是指基層社區(qū)，而社會體育包括整個

5、社會，即外延更大。社會體育屬于行政主導(dǎo)型體育，而社區(qū)體育屬于民間主導(dǎo)型體育。 總之，社區(qū)體育與社會體育不是一回事，是不同的兩個領(lǐng)域。其最主要的區(qū)別是社會體育反應(yīng)體育的宏觀方面，社區(qū)體育反應(yīng)體育的微觀方面。社會體育是整體的，抽象的，不可操作的；社區(qū)體育則是局部的，具體的，可操作的。12.我國的體育目標(biāo)與目的的關(guān)系體育目的是體育實踐的總方向和總要求，它一經(jīng)確立就決定著體育的措施、步驟及方式方法等 。 體育目的是體育實踐所要形成或培養(yǎng)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和規(guī)模，具有高度的概括性。體育實踐中只有將體育目的分解成具體的、可操作的、有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的、分層次的目標(biāo)體系，才有望最終實現(xiàn)體育目標(biāo)反映并服務(wù)體育目的。體育目標(biāo)服務(wù)于體育

6、目的，要求體育實踐要努力地完善體育目標(biāo)體系，尤其是制定完善的、操作化的具體體育目標(biāo)，使體育目的得以落實，并順利實現(xiàn)。一般來說，體育目的只指明體育發(fā)展的方向，所以體育目的往往不具備明顯的操作層面的意義。因此，我們依照體育目的進(jìn)行實際工作時，必須將抽象轉(zhuǎn)化為具體，并按層次逐步分解，直到操作為止。在將“目的”具體化的過程中，通常用“目標(biāo)”“任務(wù)”等有形的，或者看得見、摸得著的、可以實現(xiàn)的具體工作范疇和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，來規(guī)范和約束體育行為，使體育目的可以實際操作。這一般要依靠確定具體的體育目標(biāo)。圍繞體育目的確定體育目標(biāo)，體育目標(biāo)可以是多個的，但體育目標(biāo)不能背離體育目的。13.體育過程與競技過程的關(guān)系、目的 競技

7、運動為了提高運動技術(shù)水平，奪取優(yōu)異的成績?yōu)槟康摹ｓw育的目的主要是強(qiáng)身健體增進(jìn)健康。、負(fù)荷 競技運動具有很強(qiáng)的競爭性，所以競技運動項目訓(xùn)練都是在高強(qiáng)度下進(jìn)行的。而體育則不是，它一般是在輕松愉快的運動方式下進(jìn)行的。 、效果 由于奪標(biāo)的需要，競技運動中的技能成分已高度專門化，體育運動中專門化的高超技能沒有多大的用處。聯(lián)系：競技體育都是以身體運動作為主要手段的活動、競技與體育常?；槭侄巍Ⅲw育與競技都有教育性功能，兩者都有關(guān)于身體活動的教育、都有較強(qiáng)的娛樂功能，這種娛樂功能也是成千上萬的參與者不斷為之付出的一種主要誘因?？傊?，體育與競技運動之間既有區(qū)別又有聯(lián)系，各有其運作規(guī)律目標(biāo)、內(nèi)容、方法、評價和學(xué)

8、科體系。14. 體育在國民教育中的地位？體育是學(xué)校教育的重要組成部分，也是國民教育的構(gòu)成要素，它與德育、智育緊密結(jié)合，肩負(fù)著為社會培養(yǎng)全面發(fā)展人才的歷史使命，對促進(jìn)社會精神文明建設(shè)具有積極作用。體育在國民教育中的地位是由體育的功能及社會體育的要求所決定的，體育運動在人的社會化過程中起著非常重要的作用，肩負(fù)著體育文化傳遞和重建的作用。通過規(guī)范等可以約束人們的行為，強(qiáng)化人們遵守社會生活行為準(zhǔn)則，引導(dǎo)人們形成合理健康的生活方式。宏觀上講，體育對整個社會具有教育作用，體育更加成為一種富于感染、易于傳播的精神力量，總之，體育在國民教育中占有重要地位，財富的總和。15.美國的體育體制：（社會主導(dǎo)型）政府中

9、沒有專門的體育主管部門，也沒有單一、垂直的權(quán)威機(jī)構(gòu)來負(fù)責(zé)全面體育協(xié)調(diào)工作，政府不制定體育政策，而且很少直接資助體育。名目繁多的社會組織在體育發(fā)展中扮演著主要的角色，這是美國體育顯著特點之一。 實際上，除了選拔組織奧運會代表團(tuán)外，美國奧委會對其他體育組織不具有支配控制權(quán)利。 美國的競技體育是以學(xué)校為中心，依靠學(xué)校的課余體育訓(xùn)練提高運動技術(shù)水平。美國的各級學(xué)校是培養(yǎng)優(yōu)秀運動員的主要基地，中學(xué)成為培養(yǎng)青少年運動員的搖籃，大學(xué)則是培養(yǎng)優(yōu)秀運動員的高級階段。 美國業(yè)余體育聯(lián)合會是負(fù)責(zé)管理青少年體育運動的社會組織，他負(fù)責(zé)制定范圍廣泛的一系列計劃，用于發(fā)展青少年體育運動。美國健康、體育、娛樂和舞蹈聯(lián)盟是一個

10、非常重要的社會體育組織。16.競技體育“舉國體制”的特征及其改革取向？ “舉國體制”主要是指中國的體育事業(yè)在一定時期內(nèi)，為了一定的目標(biāo)和需要，能夠有效的統(tǒng)一、集中國家的力量使某些方面迅速提高的體育發(fā)展機(jī)制及相應(yīng)的一套組織機(jī)構(gòu)等。特征：、管理上的集權(quán)性。即由國家專門的行政機(jī)構(gòu)對競技體育事業(yè)進(jìn)行全方位管理。行政權(quán)力滲透于競技體育發(fā)展中的每一個角落。在管理過程中實行上級對下級指令，下級對上級負(fù)責(zé)的垂直管理模式。、資金上的財政性。即發(fā)展競技體育事業(yè)的經(jīng)費基本依靠國家財政撥款，離開國家的財政支持，競技體育就步履維艱。、目標(biāo)上的排他性。發(fā)展競技體育的目標(biāo)由國家最高體育行政部門統(tǒng)一規(guī)劃，各地方雖然可以有自己

11、的發(fā)展目標(biāo)，但受制于管理方式的限制，基本上難以有效實現(xiàn)。這種一元化的目標(biāo)在實踐中表現(xiàn)為對奧運金牌的追逐。凡是與獲得金牌目標(biāo)有沖突的其他目標(biāo)都得為此讓路。、訓(xùn)練體制的封閉性。這表現(xiàn)在社會其他機(jī)構(gòu)很難介入訓(xùn)練工作，教練員特別是運動員享受近似于國家公務(wù)員的待遇，一旦運動員進(jìn)入這個體系，就很難拓展自身的其他發(fā)展道路。改革取向：轉(zhuǎn)變政府管理體育事業(yè)的職能、運動項目協(xié)會實體化及非政府體育組織的獨立、競技體育中的職業(yè)體育將逐步市場化、大眾大眾體育將得到迅速發(fā)展。17.對“舉國體制的評價”：緣于計劃經(jīng)濟(jì)時期的舉國體制，在我國計劃經(jīng)濟(jì)時期及建立市場經(jīng)濟(jì)的過程中，對提高我國的國際地位，尤其是提高我國在國際體壇的地

12、位、增強(qiáng)民族凝聚力、振奮民族精神和促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，均發(fā)揮了積極的作用。 但是在市場經(jīng)濟(jì)條件下，舉國體制的一些弊端也逐漸顯現(xiàn)出來。如過分依賴政府、經(jīng)費來源渠道單一、運動員隊伍文化素質(zhì)低和退役運動員安置難、社會半體育的積極性未有效發(fā)揮等。 在市場化的過程中，中國的體育產(chǎn)業(yè)將得到快速發(fā)展，體育自身的發(fā)展能力也將逐漸得到加強(qiáng)，中國的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和社會良性運行的姿勢也越來越得到國際社會的認(rèn)同。 在今后一段時期內(nèi)，舉國體制這種提法將繼續(xù)沿用并發(fā)揮其作用。18.中西方體育文化的比較（一）體育精神文化的比較：從整體上說，中國古代文化追求靜態(tài)美的文化，西方傳統(tǒng)文化是種動態(tài)文化。這決定了中、西方體育形態(tài)和體育價值觀的性

13、質(zhì)差異。中國傳統(tǒng)體育價值觀透射出十分明顯的重人格傾向。中國傳統(tǒng)體育堅持天人合一的生命觀，強(qiáng)調(diào)和諧的運動觀。體育的作用往往以養(yǎng)護(hù)生命、祛病、防病和延年益壽為主，注重保健和健康長壽。太極拳就是最能代表中國傳統(tǒng)體育精神文化的一項傳統(tǒng)體育運動。 作為西方體育文化的典型代表，古希臘的體育就是文化與中國傳統(tǒng)體育精神文化大相庭徑。在古代奧運會舉行的數(shù)千年間，古希臘人一直保留著赤身裸體參加競技比賽的習(xí)俗，以展示人體外形的健美和肌肉的發(fā)達(dá)，就是西方傳統(tǒng)體育就是文化的如實寫照。（二）體育行為制度文化的比較：中西體育行為制度文化也是大不相同的，主要表現(xiàn)在人們對體育運動手段和方法的認(rèn)識上，體現(xiàn)在體育行為和體育生活中。

14、中國傳統(tǒng)體育以養(yǎng)生為主，尤其重“養(yǎng)”。由此導(dǎo)致大部分典型的中國傳統(tǒng)體育活動項目都強(qiáng)調(diào)整體效果和直觀感受，強(qiáng)調(diào)意念的作用和內(nèi)部修煉。對動作的把握靠直觀頓悟，動作簡單，但內(nèi)涵深刻，講究動作的神韻。中國古代的人們對競技活動的普遍持“勝固可喜，敗亦無憂”的態(tài)度，也是不利于競技體育運動發(fā)展的。西方體育文化大力提倡競爭，提倡超越，包括超越對手、自然障礙和自我，其活動是在相互較量、相互比較的過程中完成的。在西方，競技場上的結(jié)果、成績、名次直接影響到做人的價值以及本人的尊嚴(yán)，其價值的取向是線形的、單向的。（三）體育物質(zhì)文化的比較： 中國傳統(tǒng)體育精神文化中占主導(dǎo)地位的是重人格的體育價值觀，體育專用的場地、設(shè)施和

15、器材等體育物質(zhì)文化建設(shè)，在數(shù)千年的歷史進(jìn)程中，發(fā)展極為緩慢。西方的體育物質(zhì)文化建設(shè)，在公元前776年，第一屆古代奧運會開始就初見端倪。奧運會場地、設(shè)施的規(guī)范和發(fā)展，是西方體育物質(zhì)文化高度發(fā)展的標(biāo)志，也是西方現(xiàn)代體育得以在世界廣泛傳播，并成為世界體育主流的重要原因之一。綜上可知，中國傳統(tǒng)體育文化與西方從古代延續(xù)至今的體育文化比較，存在巨大的差異。不過，不能一這種差異來簡單判斷其本身的孰優(yōu)孰劣。中西方體育文化必然依據(jù)各自的發(fā)展規(guī)律，在各自的發(fā)展軌道上繼續(xù)前進(jìn)，取長補短，共同繁榮。 英語二小作文 2010 年感謝&邀請信 感謝美國同事對你在美交流期間的熱情招待并邀請其適當(dāng)?shù)臅r候來中國玩兒 2

16、011 年祝賀&建議信 祝賀表弟李明被大學(xué)錄取，并對怎樣為大學(xué)生活做好準(zhǔn)備提出建議 2012 年投訴信 對網(wǎng)店購買的電子詞典投訴，并要求立即解決 2013 年告知信 告訴同學(xué)們你們班將為需要幫助的孩子們舉行慈善義賣，并鼓勵大家積極參加 2014 年詢問信 向?qū)⒃诹魧W(xué)期間共住的 John 介紹你的生活習(xí)慣并向他問詢在那里生活的建議 2015 年通知 簡單介紹你們大學(xué)要為高中生舉辦的夏令營活動，并招募志愿者 2016 年感謝&建議信 對朋友的祝賀表示感謝并就怎樣提升翻譯水平提出建議 大作文 2010 年chart： 2000 年到 2008 年期間發(fā)達(dá)國家和發(fā)展中國家的手機(jī)用戶數(shù)量

17、變化情況 2011 年chart： 2008 年、2009 年國內(nèi)轎車市場各品牌市場份額變化示意圖 2012 年 table： 某公司不同年齡段員工工作滿意度百分比 2013 年 chart： 某高校不同年級學(xué)生兼職情況百分比 2014 年 chart： 1990 到 2010 年這 20 年間中國城鎮(zhèn)人口與鄉(xiāng)村人口數(shù)量變化圖 2015 年 chart： 我國某市居民春節(jié)假期各種不同花銷占比圖 2016 年 chart： 某高校學(xué)生旅行目的占比I. 歷年小作文匯總 英語二 2016 年 Directions： Suppose you won a translation contest and

18、your friend, Jack, wrote an email to congratulate you and ask for advice on translation. Write him a reply to 1) thank him, and 2) give you advice You should write about 100 on the ANSWER SHEET. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use Li Ming instead. Do not write the address. (10 po

19、ints) 2015 年 Directions: Suppose your university is going to host a summer camp for high school students. Write a notice to 1) briefly introduce the camp activities, and 2) call for volunteers. You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET. Do not use your name or the name of your university.

20、 Do not write your address. (10 points) 2014 年 Directions： Suppose you are going to study abroad and share an apartment with John, a local student. Write him an email to 1) tell him about your living habits, and 2) ask for advice about living there. You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHE

21、ET. Do not use your own name. Use “Li Ming” instead. Do not write your address. (10 points) 2013 年 Directions： Suppose your class is to hold a charity sale for kids in need of help. Write your classmates an email to 1) inform them about the details and 2) encourage them to participate. You should wr

22、ite about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not use your own name. Use “Li Ming” instead. Do not write your address. (10 points) 2012 年 Directions： Suppose you have found something wrong with the electronic dictionary that you bought from an online store the other day. Write an email to the customer s

23、ervice center to 1) make a complaint, and 2) demand a prompt solution. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Zhang Wei” instead. 2011 年 Directions： Suppose your cousin Li Ming has just been admitted to a university. Write him/her

24、 a letter to 1) congratulate him/her, and 2) give him/her suggestions on how to get prepared for university life. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Zhang Wei” instead. Do not write the address.（10 points） 2010 年 Directions： Y

25、ou have just come back from the U.S. as a member of a Sino-American cultural exchange program. Write a letter to your American colleague to 1) express your thanks for his/her warm reception; 2) welcome him/her to visit China in due course. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not s

26、ign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Zhang Wei” instead. Do not write your address. (10 points) III. 精研范文舉例 2014 年 Dec 24, 2016 Dear President, I am a senior of Life Science Department in our University. I am writing to advise you of the pressing situation concerning our students poor ph

27、ysical conditions. There are several aspects underlying this letter. For one thing, being accustomed to staying up late every night, many students still take dozing off at class in the morning for granted. For another, a significant number of students spend the bulk of their spare time on mobile pho

28、nes or computers, thus leading to their poor health conditions. To save the situation from further aggravating, I would like to suggest as follows. The leadership of our university could launch a schoolwide campaign to help improve our physical conditions. Moreover, rules or regulations concerning s

29、taying up and electronic addiction should be set up to guarantee a proper lifestyle. It is my sincere hope that the above suggestions are of any help. Thanksa lot for your time and attention to this letter. Yours sincerely, Li Ming2009 年 Dec.24, 2016 Dear Editor, I am writing to advise you of the pr

30、essing situation we are now faced with. As is known to all, being accustomed to using plastic bags in our daily life, many still take “white pollution” for granted. Plastic bags have played an indispensable part in our life, and “white pollution” is now a fairly prevalent phenomenon, which greatly w

31、orsens our environment. To save the situation from further aggravating, I would like to suggest as follows. The government could set up a set of laws to punish those who are still polluting the environment. Furthermore, new technologies should be employed to produce new environment friendly material

32、s. Above all, the mass media can make full use of its own influence to intensify the publicity in order to enhance peoples awareness of environment protection. It is my sincere hope that my suggestions will be of any help, and thanks for your time and consideration! Sincerely yours, Li Ming 2008 年 D

33、ec 24, 2016 Dear Bob, I am writing to make an apology to you for having forgotten to return a music CD when I left Canada. Yesterday I came back from Canada, only to find it in my luggage. I was in such a hurry that I packed everything in my luggage without checking carefully. Had I paid more attent

34、ion then, I wouldnt have made such a stupid mistake. The CD which I borrowed from you is made in Canada, so I believe you can find another one in your local store. How about your buying another CD and my paying for it? If you fail to find a similar one, I would send it through the post office. If th

35、ere are other solutions you like, please tell me. I am sorry again for all the inconvenience caused by my behavior and I am looking forward to your reply. Faithfully yours, Zhang Wei 2007 年 Dec.24, 2016 Dear Sir or Madam, Im a student in the university and a loyal reader of this library. Im writing

36、to share with you some of my ideas about the services of our library, which I hope will be of any help to you. To better serve the students, I would like to suggest as follows. It should be noted that several magazines in our library are out of date. It would be beneficial to us students if they cou

37、ld be updated in time. And I suggest introducing some new journals so as to bring new fresh air to the library. Furthermore, since we have a huge number of books, it is not easy to find the right one, so we had better introduce some new searching means. Most importantly, I would be delighted if you

38、would expand the size of the computer lab. Currently, I often have to wait for quite a while before a computer becomes available. Thank you for taking time reading this letter and Im looking forward to seeing some new changes soon. I would like to extend my greatest appreciation if you are so kind a

39、s to take my suggestions into consideration. Sincerely yours, Li Ming 2006 年 Dec.24, 2016 Dear Sir or Madam, Moved by the noble cause of Project Hope and encouraged by what has been achieved so far, I would like to contribute my bit to the project by offering financial aid to a child in a remote are

40、a of your province. I would be most grateful if you could help me find a kid to whom I could offer my help. Specifically, the child must be a girl who has just started schooling but whose family cannot afford her education. My plan is to pay for her tuition on an annual basis till she finished her s

41、econdary education. I would like to remit my donation directly to a bank account opened by her family in her local area. Thanks for your time and consideration and I am looking forward to hearing from you soon. Yours truly, Li Ming Dec.24, 2016 Dear Sir, I am writing this letter to you in order to f

42、ind a candidate for the Project Hope program, because I have decided to offer some financial aid to a child in a remote area. I know that there are many children who need help in remote areas. The candidate I want to help would better be a girl who is six or seven years old. I have planned to offer

43、her 500 yuan a year for 6 years until she can finish her study in a primary school. In addition, I will send her some used clothes and books. And I would like to pay a visit to her next year if possible. Thanks for your time and consideration and I am looking forward to hearing from you soon. Yours

44、sincerely， Zhang Wei 2005 年 Dec 24, 2016 Dear Mr. Wang, I am writing to inform you about my decision to resign from the current position as an editor. There are several factors contributing to my decision to quit. In the first place, the salary has proven to be much lower than you originally promise

45、d, and I find it hard to turn my life around. And promotions are not based on performance, which will inevitably hinder my career advancement. In addition, the office is located in the downtown area, yet I live in the suburbs, so it is exhausting for me to spend over three hours commuting every day.

46、 Above all, I feel rather disappointed as in the past two months I was never given any really important responsibility. It is my sincere hope that you could approve of my resignation. I am terribly sorry for any inconvenience caused by my decision. Yours sincerely, Li Ming 2011 年英語二 Sample 1 Dec 24,

47、 2016 Dear Li Ming, Congratulations on your success in the University Entrance Examination to be admitted to Peking University. Your hard work has paid off and were all so proud of you. As setting out on a new journey, I guess you may have some doubts and worries. I have experienced the same with yo

48、u, so I think I may be in a position to give you some suggestions. First, you need to realize that to be independent emotionally is the first step in adjusting to university life. Then, I think it is necessary to remind you that university is a diversified place where academic achievements and inter

49、personal skills are equally important. I wish you have a brilliant start in university life and please do not hesitate to contact me if you have any problem. Yours sincerely, Zhang Wei Sample 2 Dec. 24, 2016 Dear Li Ming, I am much delighted to hear that you have just been admitted to the English De

50、partment of Peking University. Congratulations! This is a special moment for you and all your friends and relatives. I guess you may have some doubts and worries at this new start. I once have experienced the same with you, so I insist that I may be in a position to give you some suggestions. Above

51、all, you need to realize that to be independent emotionally is the first step in adapting to university life. Besides, you should not ignore that university is a diversified place where academic achievements and inter personal skills are equally essential for your future life. Congratulate you again

52、 and wish you a brilliant start in university life. Please contact me if you have any problems. Yours sincerelyZhang Wei 附錄 1：小作文需要掌握的句型： 1) 詢問 2) 邀請 3) 建議 4) 求職 5) 辭職 6) 道歉 7) 感謝 8) 投訴/索賠 9). 答復(fù)投訴 10） 陳述意圖 11） 提出問題 附錄 2：小作文其他題型1. 報告 （report） 1) The given line graph subtly presents Canadians saving

53、and debt as a percentage of their disposable income between 2002 and 2013. In general, the figures reveal that Canadians total debt increased dramatically while savings decreased greatly during that period of time. What can be apparently seen in the above chart is that the total debt to disposable i

54、ncome remained at about 56% stably from 2002 to 2005. However, it jumped sharply from 2005 to 2013 when it reached the peak of 101%. On the contrary, the savings to income fell rapidly between 2002 and 2007, and then it leveled off until 2010 when there came another steep decrease. In 2013, it bottomed out to 2%. It should be noted, of course, that the Canadians have been over-consuming for years. Indeed, the general public should be made aware that this trend is unsustainable. 2) The given pie chart conspicuously features the proportion of the meat sold in a supermark