如何做presentation( ppt)

1、 Effective Effective Presentations Main points nElements of a presentationnStructure of a presentationnTactics of a presentation演講是一個雙向溝通過程演講是一個雙向溝通過程演講后演講后1. What is the point? -objectivesnWhat makes a good presentation? List all the things you think make a good presentation. Purposes for making a

2、presentationnTo demonstrate: a service, product, system.nTo create: an image, strategy.nTo entertain: colleagues, outside people.nTo sell: a concept, product, idea.nTo promote: an attitude, a way of working.nTo suggest: a solution, a new concept. Checklist1. Overall a. Does she consider the audience

3、? b. Does she have a clear objective and style (to tell, to sell, to amuse)2. Systema. Is her presentation well prepared?b. Is there a clear structure (beginning, middle and ending)?c. Does she link the parts together properly? d. Is the content relevant and interesting? e. Has she considered the ti

4、ming?3. Delivery a. Does she speak clearly? b. Does she speak at the right speed and using the right intonations? c. Does she use appropriate language?4. Body language a. Does she use her body to emphasize meaning? b. Does she maintain eye contact with audience? c. Does she appear confident and posi

5、tive?5. Visual aids a. Are the visual aids clear? b. Do they support her message? c. Does she use the equipment professionally?Organization of a presentation: Introduction Outline Main parts Conclusion Review I. 演講的要素演講的三要素：信息、演講者、聽眾演講的三要素：信息、演講者、聽眾一、信息信息 信息可以由演講者與聽眾共同分享。演講中的信息，主要是 言語信息。二、演講者演講者 演講者

6、是信息的發(fā)源地。演講者主要以言語傳遞信息，還 用動作、手勢、姿態(tài)、表情等傳遞非言語符號的輔助信息。 三、聽眾三、聽眾 聽眾是什么人 目標(biāo)是什么(一) 聽眾心理的幾個特點 1聽眾對信息的接受具有選擇性 ； 2聽眾心理是獨立意識與從眾心理的矛盾統(tǒng)一； 3“名片”效應(yīng)與“自己人”效應(yīng)；(二) 聽眾的構(gòu)成nYour superiors nYour colleagues nYour team nA mixed audience nA hostile audience nAn international audience 在演講的整個準(zhǔn)備過程中，演講者思想上要一直想想 著聽眾著聽眾； 演講者要列出其對聽眾

7、了解的清單其對聽眾了解的清單 演講者要抓住并使聽眾保持對演講的興趣和想象力 演講者要對聽眾注意力注意力進(jìn)行再刺激 聽眾容易記住結(jié)構(gòu)形式清楚并得到重復(fù)強(qiáng)調(diào)的內(nèi)容結(jié)構(gòu)形式清楚并得到重復(fù)強(qiáng)調(diào)的內(nèi)容 演講者通過聽眾的耳聞目睹耳聞目睹進(jìn)入聽眾的記憶 （三）目標(biāo)（三）目標(biāo) 演講者應(yīng)當(dāng)能用一個短句寫下其演說的目標(biāo) 比如： “獲得對第34號項目的資金批準(zhǔn)認(rèn)定?！?“說服這位顧客購買我們一臺電腦?！?“告訴我的集體今年公司成果怎樣。我們?yōu)槭裁匆龅酶谩！?然后演講者要判定他(她)是否要盡力向聽眾 傳授知識 /告知情況 施加影響 Preparation checklistnObjectives: Recheck

8、 that you have defined your objective correctly. nStructure: Your presentation have a clearly identifiable structure? nContent: Is all said that needs saying?nSequence: Is it logical? Are all links and summaries appropriate?nTime: Is sufficient time available for all you want to say?nBalance: Is eac

9、h section weighted correctly? Check the priorities of your arguments and facts.nConclusion: Does it make people sit up and agree with you? Is it punchy? nObjectives: All the above work towards achieving your objective? II. 演講的結(jié)構(gòu)I、Structuring a presentation An effective presentation structure include

10、s: 1. Use an effective opening 2. Give a preview 3. State your main points clearly 4. Use clear inner summary and signal words for transition 5. Use an effective closing 2. Making a startn1. Which of the items on the checklist below would you include in the introduction to: a. an internal presentati

11、on to colleagues? b. an internal presentation to bosses? c. an external presentation to customers? d. an external presentation to suppliers?Checklist your name and position/job title the title/subject of your presentation the purpose of your presentation the length of time you will take the main par

12、ts or points you will cover any visual aides you will use when the audience may ask questions a human touch1. 1. Exercise: Listen to the tape (P12) ( )Internal presentation to colleagues at a budget meeting? ( ) external presentation to delegates at a professional conference2. Complete the presentat

13、ion introduction with words from the list: talk about look at points of view questions brief finally hear act as go along Good afternoon and thank you for making the effort to be here with us today. My names Rachel Rawlins and Im responsible for public affairs. What Id like to do today is _ our rece

14、nt corporate campaign. This _ talk will hopefully _ a springboard for discussion. Im going to _ the corporate campaign from 3 _: firstly, the customers; secondly, the financial institutions; and _, the shareholders. If you have any _, just interrupt me as I _. Your point of view may well be differen

15、t, and wed like to _ from you. 1) Use an effective opening Goals Techniques Use humor Refer to the unusual Refer to the familiar Use audience motivation techniques 2)Give a preview 3)State your main points clearly n Follow your preview n Limit your main points n Use explicit transitionsn Provide int

16、ernal summaries 4)Use an effective closing n Give a summaryn Refer to the openingn End with the action steps n Refer to audience benefits 表表4.1 開頭實例開頭實例例例1：提問：提問 “我想問一下在座的諸位，哪位知道過去24小時里在中國有多少孩子出生?” “我想知道，如果我告訴您，您的計算機(jī)在買進(jìn)時已經(jīng)過時，您有何感想?”例例2：事實陳述：事實陳述 “今天，我們市又有30個孩子的父親因工去世這類死亡本可得到預(yù)防!”例例3：提及：提及 “今天，這里的每一位都

17、記得，當(dāng)我們聽到唐山大地震時的震驚和悲痛?！崩?：主題：主題 “我今晚要給您講述令人激動振奮的xR5多用程序，然后告訴您這種電腦將如何改變您的經(jīng)商方式?！崩?：引用：引用 “一位偉人說：每個人的經(jīng)歷遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過他的想像范圍。不過，正是經(jīng)驗而不是想象，才影響人的行為。”例例6: 感染情緒感染情緒 “好心的人們，您只要掏五毛線，就可以使這個孩子活下去，直到下年的收獲季節(jié)，那時他就可以養(yǎng)活自己?！? Linking the partsnDifferent ways of organizing information and ideas:companymoneypeopleassetssupplier

18、scashproductpricequalitystaffcustomersfixedintangiblemngmtsubordintcostsCompetition Model 1 Company I. Money A. assets a. fixed b. intangible B. cash II. People A. staff a. management b. subordinates B. customer C. suppliers III. Product A. quality B. price a. costs b. competitionModel 2nUse the inf

19、ormation below to prepare a short presentation. Type of training: Technical Management Technical training Information technology (computers) Objective: to keep a technical edge over the competition Training for efficiency Training for innovation 95% of employees receive some technical training Manag

20、ement training Leadership / team management strategies Objective: to run an efficient business 3% of employees receive management training4 Finishing off Signal to end summary invitation for questions recommendation nComplete Joannas presentation notes. Signal to end _ Summary _1._2. _3._ Recommenda

21、tion _ Invitation for Questions _ nYou are going to hear the final part of 4 presentations. Decide which presentation each extract comes from.1.The sales presentation by a salesman to a group of prospective customers ( )2.The welcome presentation ( )3.The new idea presentation ( )4.The motivation pr

22、esentation by personnel director to new employees ( )結(jié)尾實例結(jié)尾實例例例1：提問：提問 “所以，女士們，先生們，我要提請諸位思考一一如果有人告訴您，您正在受到這種疾病的困繞，您有何感想?”例例2：提示：提示 “今天，在我們的節(jié)目里，我要使您認(rèn)識到，我們需要有更強(qiáng)更專業(yè)化的經(jīng)銷活動。而實際上，通過向您展示一個等待我們未開發(fā)的巨大市場，我想我已實現(xiàn)了目標(biāo)?！崩?：行動：行動 “我的建議已告訴諸位。時間已刻不容緩。如果我們想避免災(zāi)難，那就必須立即行動。要想保證公司未來的繁榮，希望各位不要再遲疑，行動起來!” 例例4：選擇：選擇 “在我看來，我們

23、有三種選擇：或者接受工會最后通牒；或者爭取時間考慮我們的立場；或者采取最后行動。”例例5：灌輸憂患：灌輸憂患 “所以，女士們，先生們，如果我們不能在下季度將銷售額提高10，并保持這一增長水平一兩年，那么我們公司將面臨倒閉的危險。 ”5. Putting it all togethernClassic presentation structure Introduction outline main parts summary conclusionnAssessment form for presentation before the presentationDefine the audience

24、Clarify the objectives / purposePlan the contentDesign suitable visual aidsControl the lengthFollow a clear structureSummary and conclusionDuring the presentationKeep eye contact with the audienceDont rush (remember to pause)Articulate clearly and project your voiceIII. Special speaking situations 1

25、. Manuscript speaking Use “spoken style” Write and edit Prepare the manuscript 2. Impromptu speaking Anticipate Keep your remarks short Organize as well as you can Relate to experience 3. Team presentations Organize as a whole Provide content transitions between speakers Use visual aids consistently

26、 Rehearse and deliver as a group Answer questions consistently 4. Media and telecommunications Preparing in advance Using audio devices Being on camera EXERCISE: Prepare a short presentation to last five minutes. Your audience are your classmates, and the subject matter is about something that you h

27、ave a deep interest in or about which you hold a strong conviction. IV. The right kind of languageChecklistEye contactLanguage complexity sentence length use of pause impersonalManner open or closed? interested?Language focus: Delivery and styleTempo: vary the speed and pause from time to timeVolume

28、: dont shout or murmur Expressiveness: vary the pitchArticulation: dont rush, be clear, practice key words beforehand, Sentence length: avoid readingStyle: natural English, no written English, formal vs. informalLinkers: guide the audience; help vary the pace of your presentationEmphasizers: exagger

29、ate a little to help get your message across more persuasively.V. Visual aidsChecklist1. dont use visuals to repeat what you can say with words. 2. dont overcrowd visuals with too much information.3. pay attention to the sizes, fonts and colors of the words.4. pay attention to structure and differen

30、ce between different levels of the structure5. dont read from visualsnMake these sentences transitive. 1. Our salaries have remained constant for five years. The company _ salaries at the same level.2. The temperature in the building has fallen. The caretaker _the temperature in the building.3. Inte

31、rest rates have risen over the last two weeks. Banks _ their interest rates.4. Production has stayed the same for some time. The company _ production at the same level.5. The average age has decreased in the company. Recruiting policy _ the average age. nWe often use noun phrases instead of verbs to

32、 describe trends. For example:Prices have risen considerably.There has been a considerable rise in price.Change the following sentences to include a noun phrase. a.The market has expanded slightly.b.Prices are going to fall dramatically.c.Our export sales collapsed suddenly.d.Sales are increasing st

33、eadily.e.Salaries have dropped gradually.f.Profits will certainly rise significantly.VI. Body language version 1 version 21.General appearance2.Stance and posture3.Hands position4.Hands gestures5.Eye contact6.Facial expression7.Movement nUnderline the expressions in these extracts which are strongly

34、 emphasized.a.These cost cuts are going to cause considerable pain.b.We need to draw up a plan of action. I have put some ideas on the board.c.These are some of the measures we could consider. There are broadly three approaches.d.First, we could accept the cuts and reduce staff drastically. Secondly

35、, we could fight and hope to achieve some reduction in the level of the cuts. Or thirdly, and this is what I support, we could put forward an alternative proposal. Now, this would mean.nLanguage focus: emphasizing and minimizingEmphasizing Minimizing extremely it seems.absolutely it pletely justenti

36、rely a bitfairly perhapsreasonably tend toquite to some extentnEmphasize the message.a.This has been a good year.b.We have had a difficult time.c.We have seen a disastrous decline in our profits.d.It was easy to achieve our objectives.e.The announcement was unexpected. f.Ive got some bad news.nCompl

37、ete these sentences with words that minimize the message.a.We _ see things differently. _ your experience is _ limited.b._, youre right. But _ we _ consider the long-term view.c.Theres _ time. _ we _ discuss this question now. 第三節(jié)第三節(jié) 演講語言的運用技巧演講語言的運用技巧一、語言表達(dá)的三個基本要求一、語言表達(dá)的三個基本要求 準(zhǔn)確精煉 上口入耳 形象生動 （如“望梅止

38、渴”） n比喻 （林肯的著名演講裂開的屋子） n引用n設(shè)問n反問n排比The use of your voicenIs your voice boring?nDo you speak in a monotone, or vary your pitch?nIs the speed of your delivery constant? Varied?nDo you drop your voice at the end of a sentence?nIs your breathing right? Do you run out of breath in the middle of a sentenc

39、e? (Ita probably too long then!)nHow do you make a point or emphasize a key issue? Do you raise your voice? Do you speak more slowly? More quickly? Do you repeat it?nDo you use long words? Short words? Long sentences? Why? When?nAre your words within the vocabulary of your audience? Do they understa

40、nd you?nAfter your next presentation, ask a friend in the audience for constructive feedback on the above points. 二、有聲語言的運用技巧有聲語言的運用技巧n聲音聲音n重音重音 “我請你吃餃子” “我的貓坐在席子上” “我沒說他偷了我的書” n吐字吐字二、有聲語言的運用技巧有聲語言的運用技巧語氣語調(diào)語氣語調(diào)愛的感情：“氣徐聲柔”，漫和感憎的感情：“氣促聲硬”，擠壓感悲的感情：“氣沉聲緩”，遲滯感喜的感情：“氣滿聲高”，跳躍感懼的感情：“氣提聲凝”，緊縮感急的感情：“氣短聲促”，緊迫感

41、怒的感情：“氣粗聲重”，震動感疑的感情：“氣細(xì)聲粘”，躊躇感 二、有聲語言的運用技巧有聲語言的運用技巧n停頓停頓 語法停頓 邏輯停頓 “養(yǎng)豬大如山老鼠頭頭死” 我們的目的一定要達(dá)到 我們的目的一定能夠達(dá)到 心理停頓n節(jié)奏節(jié)奏（輕快型，持重型，高揚型，復(fù)合型）Your body languagenDo you talk to the audience, or to the screen behind you?nDo you actively seek eye contact with specific members of the audience? Do you sweep over them or