Robert Frost 及其詩(shī)三首的介紹分析

1、Robert FrostI.Biographical Introduction born in San Francisco in 1874. his mother brought him to New England at his eleven, with which his poetry has always been associated. After graduating from high school in 1892, Frost entered Dartmouth College but soon left to work at old jobs and to write poet

2、ry. In 1897, he was accepted as a special student by Harvard but withdrew after two years because of his increasing dislike for academic convention. For the next twelve years, Frost made a minimal living by teaching and farming while continuing to write his poems. In 1912, he and his family moved to

3、 England, where he found a publisher for his first book of verse, A boys will (1913). Determined to win recognition in his native land, Frost returned to the US and settled on a farm in his native land. By the end of his life he had become a national poet; he received honorary degrees from forty-fou

4、r colleges and universities and won four Pulitzer Prizes; the United States senate passed resolutions honoring his birthdays and when he was eighty-seven he read his poetry at the inauguration of President John F. Kennedy.II. Main WorksA Boys Will 1913 North of Boston, 1914 Mountain Interval, 1916 N

5、ew Hampshire 1923 Collected Poems 1930 A Further Range 1936 A Witness Tree 1942 III. Frosts View and Theme His poetry concerns New Englands nature. He saw nature as a storehouse of analogy and symbol, so his concern with nature reflected deep moral uncertainties. His poetry often probes mysterious o

6、f darkness and irrationality in the bleak and chaotic landscapes of an indifferent universe. The quest of the solitary person to make sense of the world has become the central theme of all Frosts collections and made his poetry among the most accessible of modern writers. The poetry of Robert Frost

7、combined pastoral imagery with solitary philosophical themes.IV. Frosts Style rejected the revolutionary poetic principles of his contemporaries, used traditional forms such as the blank verse, plain language of rural New Englanders, and a graceful style. there is a steady tone of wry humor, and a v

8、irtually inexhaustible verbal grace. He used symbols from everyday country life to express his deep ideas. As a whole, Frosts art is an act of clarification, which, without simplifying the truth, renders it in some degree accessible to everyone.Fire and IceFire and Ice (火與冰火與冰)Some say the world wil

9、l end in fire, Some say in ice. From what Ive tasted of desireI hold with those who favor fire.But if it had to perish twice,I think I know enough of hateTo know that for destruction ice Is also great And would suffice.有人說世界將結(jié)束于熊熊烈焰， 有人則說結(jié)束于凜凜寒冰。 欲望如火，體會(huì)其烈， 則知世之歸于火為我所愿。 但若其必兩度遭逢毀滅， 我知恨之極至， 必然明了，毀滅之冰

10、， 同樣魁偉， 同樣順人心意。Publication Fire and Ice first appeared in the December 1920 issue of Harpers. In 1923, it appeared in New Hampshire, a collection of Frosts poems published in New York. Figures of Speech Alliteration Some say the world will end in fire, Some say in ice. I hold with those who favor fi

11、re. Anaphora (首語重復(fù)) Some say the world will end in fire, Some say in ice. Paradox But if it had to perish twiceDantes Influence Frost derived inspiration for Fire and Ice from Inferno(地獄), one of the three divisions of Dantes monumental epic poem, The Divine Comedy(神曲). In Inferno, Dante and his gui

12、de, the Latin poet Virgil, witness the punishment of souls in hell, constructed in nine circlesone atop the otherin the shape of a cone. Those who committed sins of desire, such as lust and greed, suffer the pain of fire and other tortures. (Lines 3 and 4). These sinners are confined in the upper ci

13、rcles. Those who committed the sin of betrayal are confined to the bottom circle, the ninth, in a frozen lake. Among them are Judas and Satan. Frosts poem substitutes hatred for betrayal as the cardinal offense that entombs souls in everlasting ice. (Lines 6-9) Frosts poem contains nine lines, an ap

14、parent representation of the nine circles of Dantes hell. Theme The central theme of Fire and Ice is that human emotions are destructive when allowed to run amok. They can destroy a person morally, mentally and physically. Not frequently, unbridled emotionssuch as those of Adolf Hitlercan destroy en

15、tire countries and even threaten to destroy civilization itself. Fire & Ice 1. Desire love & Hatred 2. Emotion & Reason 3. Religion & Science .Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening Whose woods these are I think I know. His house is in the village though; He will not see me stopping here To watch his

16、woods fill up with snow.這是誰家的林子，我想我知道，這是誰家的林子，我想我知道，雖說他的農(nóng)舍在村子那一頭，雖說他的農(nóng)舍在村子那一頭，他不會(huì)卻看到我停留在這兒，他不會(huì)卻看到我停留在這兒，望著他的林子積雪有多厚。望著他的林子積雪有多厚。Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening雪夜林邊小駐雪夜林邊小駐 My little horse must think it queer To stop without a farmhouse near Between the woods and frozen lake The darkest evening

17、of the year. 我那小馬一定會(huì)感到奇怪：我那小馬一定會(huì)感到奇怪：停留在這兒？又沒村舍在鄰近停留在這兒？又沒村舍在鄰近夾在一座森林和一片冰湖之間，夾在一座森林和一片冰湖之間，在這一年中最昏暗的黃昏。在這一年中最昏暗的黃昏。 He gives his harness bells a shake To ask if there is some mistake. The only other sounds the sweep Of easy wind and downy flake. 他把他胸前的掛鈴一搖，他把他胸前的掛鈴一搖，想問問到底有沒有弄錯(cuò)路線。想問問到底有沒有弄錯(cuò)路線。此外只聽得一

18、陣微風(fēng)吹過，此外只聽得一陣微風(fēng)吹過，和一陣鵝毛似的雪片卷過和一陣鵝毛似的雪片卷過。 The woods are lovely, dark and deep, But I have promises to keep, And miles to go before I sleep. And miles to go before I sleep. 樹林真可愛，幽暗而深遠(yuǎn)。樹林真可愛，幽暗而深遠(yuǎn)?？墒俏疫€得趕赴約會(huì)，可是我還得趕赴約會(huì)，還得趕好幾里路才能安睡，還得趕好幾里路才能安睡，還得趕好幾里路才能安睡。還得趕好幾里路才能安睡。Background This poem was written in

19、1922 by Robert Frost, and published in 1923 in his New Hampshire volume. Frost wrote this poem about winter in June, 1922. He had been up the entire night writing the long poem New Hampshire and had finally finished when he realized morning had come. He went out to view the sunrise and suddenly got

20、the idea for Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening. He wrote the new poem in just a few minutes and later stated that It was as if Id had a hallucination. This was Frosts favorite of his own poems and in a letter to Louis Untermeyer he called it my best bid for remembrance. Symbols Promises our respo

21、nsibilities that we must fulfill. Miles - experience we must travel through before death Sleep - death Village - human world The owner - human order from which the speaker is shortly separatedTheme The poem is primarily oriented towards the pleasure of the scene and the responsibilities of life. The

22、 strange attraction of death to man is symbolized by the dark woods silently filled up with the coldness of snow. The poem represents a moment of relaxation from the burdensome journey of life, an almost aesthetic enjoyment and appreciation of natural beauty which is wholesome and restorative agains

23、t the chaotic existence of modern people. The Road Not TakenRobert ForestBackground The Road Not Taken is a poem by Robert Frost, published in 1916 in the collection Mountain Interval; it is the first poem in the volume and is printed in italics. The title is often mistakenly given as The Road Less

24、Traveled, from the penultimate line: I took the one less traveled by.Rhyme This poem consists of four stanzas of five lines. The rhyme scheme is ABAAB. the rhymes are strict and masculine, with notable exception of the last line. There are four stressed syllables each line, varying on iambic(抑揚(yáng)格，指由一

25、短一長(zhǎng)或一輕一重的兩音節(jié)組成的音步）tetrameter (四步抑揚(yáng)格) base.Two Different Interpretations The poem has two recognized interpretations; one is a more literal interpretation, while the other is more ironic. Literal interpretation According to the literal (and more common) interpretation, the poem is inspirational, a pa

26、ean（贊美歌） to individualism and non-conformism（不墨守成規(guī)）. Ironic interpretation The ironic interpretation, widely held by critics, is that the poem is instead about regret and personal myth-making, rationalizing our decisions. The Road Not Taken Two roads diverged in a yellow wood And sorry I could not t

27、ravel both And be one traveler, long I stood And looked down one as far as I could To where it bent in the undergrowth Then took the other, as just as fair And having perhaps the better claim Because it was grassy and wanted wear Though as for that the passing there Had worn them really about the sa

28、me 黃色的樹林里分出兩條路黃色的樹林里分出兩條路 可惜我不能同時(shí)去涉足可惜我不能同時(shí)去涉足 我在那路口久久佇立我在那路口久久佇立 我向著一條路極目望去我向著一條路極目望去 但我卻選擇了另外一條路但我卻選擇了另外一條路 它荒草萋萋，十分幽寂它荒草萋萋，十分幽寂 顯得更誘人，更美麗顯得更誘人，更美麗 雖然在這兩條小路上雖然在這兩條小路上 都很少留下旅人的足跡都很少留下旅人的足跡 雖然那天清晨落葉滿地雖然那天清晨落葉滿地 And both that morning equally lay In leaves no step had trodden black Oh, I kept the firs

29、t for another day Yet knowing how way leads on to way I doubted if I should ever come back /I shall be telling this with a sigh Somewhere ages and ages hence Two roads diverged in a wood and II took the one less traveled by And that has made all the difference 兩條路都未經(jīng)腳印污染兩條路都未經(jīng)腳印污染 呵，留下一條路等改日再見呵，留下一條

30、路等改日再見 但我知道路徑延綿無盡頭但我知道路徑延綿無盡頭 恐怕我難以再回返恐怕我難以再回返 也許多少年后在某一個(gè)地方也許多少年后在某一個(gè)地方 我將輕聲嘆息把往事回顧我將輕聲嘆息把往事回顧 一片森林里分出兩條路一片森林里分出兩條路 而我卻選擇了人跡更少的一條而我卻選擇了人跡更少的一條 從此決定了我一生的道路從此決定了我一生的道路. Literary Devices Metaphor The poem revolves around the metaphor comparing the decisions we make on the journey of life to a fork in t

31、he road. Just as we must decide which road to take when traveling in order to arrive at a location, we must make decisions in life that will greatly impact our destination. Literary Devices Symbolism “Yellow” - The yellow coloring of the woods is representative of the light, hope, and promise that t

32、he speaker is standing before. His future is bright and stretches before him. Though both paths are equally lit, he must choose only one. “Woods” - The poem is set in the woods because we get an image of a quiet, deserted place where the speaker is left alone to decide. There are no road signs or pe

33、ople to stop and ask for directions. Similarly, there are no signs in life designed to help people choose their path. “Roads” - The roads are symbolic of the paths we take in life. Every road leads to a specific place and the nature of ones destination depends entirely on the decisions that are made

34、. We dont just arrive at a location; we make a series of choices that lead us there. Theme The poem has been and continues to be used as an inspirational poem, one that to the undiscerning eye seems to be encouraging self-reliance, not following where others have led. But a close reading of the poem

35、 proves otherwise. It does not moralize about choice; it simply says that choice is inevitable, but you never know what your choice will mean until you have lived it.A Tricky Poem Frost claims that he wrote this poem about his friend Edward Thomas, with whom he had walked many times in the woods nea

36、r London. Frost has said that while walking they would come to different paths and after choosing one, Thomas would always fret wondering what they might have missed by not taking the other path. About the poem, Frost asserted, You have to be careful of that one; its a tricky poem - very tricky.Firs

37、t Stanza Describes Situation The poem consists of four stanzas. In the first stanza, the speaker describes his position. He has been out walking the woods and comes to two roads, and he stands looking as far down each one as he can see. He would like to try out both, but doubts he could to that, so

38、therefore he continues to look down the roads for a long time trying to make his decision about which road to take.Second Stanza Decides to Take Less-Traveled Road The speaker had looked down the first one “to where it bent in the undergrowth,” and in the second stanza, he reports that he decided to

39、 take the other path, because it seemed to have less traffic than the first. But then he goes on to say that they actually were very similarly worn. The second one that he took seems less traveled, but as he thinks about it, he realizes that they were “really about the same.”Third Stanza Continues Description of Roa