句子成分(高三學(xué)生入門(mén)必學(xué))

1、構(gòu)成句子的基本成分叫做句子成分。句子構(gòu)成句子的基本成分叫做句子成分。句子成分可分為成分可分為主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)。它們可以由單。它們可以由單詞來(lái)?yè)?dān)任詞來(lái)?yè)?dān)任,也可以由詞組也可以由詞組,以及句子來(lái)?yè)?dān)任。以及句子來(lái)?yè)?dān)任。 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)：主語(yǔ)是一個(gè)句子中所要表達(dá)：主語(yǔ)是一個(gè)句子中所要表達(dá),描述的人或描述的人或物，是物，是句子的主體句子的主體。 When to begin is not known yet. The wounded has been taken to the hospital. To cycle on the mo

2、untain is not easy. Ill spend my holiday in Shanghai, where lives my uncle. It is quite clear that they are badly in need of help.= That they are badly in need of help is quite clear.用作主語(yǔ)的從句叫主語(yǔ)從句用作主語(yǔ)的從句叫主語(yǔ)從句 表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)：表語(yǔ)是用來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)：表語(yǔ)是用來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì), 身份身份, 特征和狀特征和狀態(tài)。態(tài)。表語(yǔ)位于（聯(lián)）系動(dòng)詞之后。表語(yǔ)位于（聯(lián)）系動(dòng)詞之后。常用系動(dòng)詞有常用系動(dòng)詞有：“感官

3、感官”：feel, smell, taste, sound, look“變化變化”：become, get, grow, turn, go, fall“是是”：be, remain, seem, appear, prove, stayToday is Monday.The flowers smell sweet. My friend becomes excited.用作表語(yǔ)的從句叫表語(yǔ)從句，如用作表語(yǔ)的從句叫表語(yǔ)從句，如:1.The point is when I will become rich.賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)：主語(yǔ)動(dòng)作所涉及的對(duì)象：主語(yǔ)動(dòng)作所涉及的對(duì)象, 它是它是動(dòng)作的承受動(dòng)作的承受者者, 賓語(yǔ)

4、可以由名詞或起名詞作用的成分擔(dān)任，賓語(yǔ)可以由名詞或起名詞作用的成分擔(dān)任，賓語(yǔ)一般位于及物動(dòng)詞或介詞的后面賓語(yǔ)一般位于及物動(dòng)詞或介詞的后面。The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.I am looking forward to hearing from you soon.用作賓語(yǔ)的從句叫賓語(yǔ)從句，如：用作賓語(yǔ)的從句叫賓語(yǔ)從句，如：I find the best way to concentrate on what the teacher are saying.We believe it true that human b

5、ody is also a kind of good conductor.有些及物動(dòng)詞要接有些及物動(dòng)詞要接兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)句子才完整句子才完整, 其中一其中一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)多指人個(gè)賓語(yǔ)多指人,另一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)指物另一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)指物,指人的賓語(yǔ)叫做指人的賓語(yǔ)叫做間接賓語(yǔ)間接賓語(yǔ),指物的賓語(yǔ)叫做指物的賓語(yǔ)叫做直接賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ), 可以帶兩個(gè)可以帶兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有bring, give, show, send, pass, tell等。等。My father bought me a book. 間接賓語(yǔ)間接賓語(yǔ) 直接賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ)Give the rubber to me. 直接賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ) 間接賓語(yǔ)間接賓語(yǔ)

6、Jack is pleased with what you have given him and all that you have told him. 有些及物動(dòng)詞除跟一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)外，還需要加上有些及物動(dòng)詞除跟一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)外，還需要加上賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ), 否則意思不完整。否則意思不完整。They elected（選舉）（選舉） him their monitor. 賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ) 賓補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ)Peer pressure makes employees work hard for everyone else. 賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ) 賓補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ)We believe it true that human body is al

7、so a kind of good conductor.定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)：描述：描述修飾修飾名詞、代詞或從句的性質(zhì)、特征等情名詞、代詞或從句的性質(zhì)、特征等情況的詞叫做定語(yǔ)況的詞叫做定語(yǔ), 定語(yǔ)可以由定語(yǔ)可以由形容詞形容詞或具有形容詞性或具有形容詞性質(zhì)的詞、短語(yǔ)、句子擔(dān)任。質(zhì)的詞、短語(yǔ)、句子擔(dān)任。如果定語(yǔ)是如果定語(yǔ)是單個(gè)詞單個(gè)詞 定語(yǔ)常放在被修飾詞的定語(yǔ)常放在被修飾詞的前面前面, 如果如果是是詞組詞組, 定語(yǔ)放在被修飾詞的定語(yǔ)放在被修飾詞的后面后面。Our country is a developing country while America is a developed country.The T

8、V set made in that factory is very good. 充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)的從句就叫定語(yǔ)從句，如：充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)的從句就叫定語(yǔ)從句，如：At 21, Ricardo Semler became boss of his fathers business in Brazil, Semco, which sold parts for ships. 狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ): 發(fā)生的發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、方式、條件或伴隨方式、條件或伴隨情況情況, 讓步等讓步等“狀況狀況”的詞的詞叫狀語(yǔ)。狀語(yǔ)可以由副詞叫狀語(yǔ)。狀語(yǔ)可以由副詞, 短語(yǔ)以及從句來(lái)?yè)?dān)短語(yǔ)以及從句來(lái)?yè)?dān)任。任

9、。I go to school on foot. I often read the newspaper at night. 充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)的從句就叫狀語(yǔ)從句，如：充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)的從句就叫狀語(yǔ)從句，如：The sports meeting will be put off if it rains. Im late because I missed the bus. She works very hard though she is old.同位語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)：位于名詞、代詞后面：位于名詞、代詞后面 , 說(shuō)明它們的說(shuō)明它們的性質(zhì)性質(zhì)和和身份身份, 它可以由名詞、代詞等充當(dāng)。它可以由名詞、代詞等充當(dāng)。名詞名詞Tom,

10、our monitor, is a handsome boy. 代詞代詞I myself will do the experiment.同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句一般跟在一般跟在fact, feeling, idea, news, hope, suggestion, decision等名詞的后面，補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明這些名等名詞的后面，補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明這些名詞的具體詞的具體內(nèi)容內(nèi)容。He told me the news that the plane had exploded.I love the saying that it is love not time that heals the wound.Exercise

11、: 分析下列句子中劃線部分的句子成分：分析下列句子中劃線部分的句子成分：1. What he said made me think a lot. 2. The apple tastes sweet. 3. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy. 4. He noticed a man entering the room. 5. Tom came to ask me for advice. 6. It seems as if it is going to rain. 7. I dont think this dress fits

12、you well. 8. It doesnt matter whether he will come or not.9. The reason why he was late was that the plane was delayed.10. Colour-blind people often find it difficult to distinguish （區(qū)別）（區(qū)別）between red and green. Exercise: 分析下列句子中劃線部分的句子成分：分析下列句子中劃線部分的句子成分：1. What he said made me think a lot. 主語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)

13、從句 賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)2. The apple tastes sweet. 表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)3. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy. 形式主語(yǔ)形式主語(yǔ) 表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ) 真正主語(yǔ)真正主語(yǔ)4. He noticed a man entering the room. 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)5. Tom came to ask me for advice. 目的狀語(yǔ)目的狀語(yǔ)6. It seems as if it is going to rain. 表語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句7. I dont think this dress fits you

14、 well. 賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句8. It doesnt matter whether he will come or not. 主語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)從句9. The reason why he was late was that the plane was delayed. 定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句 表語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句10. Colour-blind people often find it difficult to distinguish （區(qū)別）（區(qū)別）between red and green. 定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ) 形式賓語(yǔ)形式賓語(yǔ) 賓補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ) 真正賓語(yǔ)真正賓語(yǔ)Their target was the Millenn

15、ium Star, a 203-carat perfect blue diamond, thought to be the most beautiful large diamond in the world, and the third largest ever discovered.Their target was the Millennium Star, 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ) 表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)a 203-carat perfect blue diamond, 同位語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)thought to be the most beautiful large diamond in the world, and

16、the third largest ever discovered. 定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)Shia Liu, a third year computer science student from Zhejiang University in China who is now on an international exchange at SFU, found the answers to these questions through AIESEC.Shia Liu, 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)a science student from 同位語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)who is now , 定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句found the answe

17、rs to these questions 謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)through AIESEC. 方式狀語(yǔ)方式狀語(yǔ)Through the program, she worked for five weeks in Ghana alongside the ASK Project, which aims to create awareness of HIV and AIDS while training young African business people.Through the program 方式狀語(yǔ)方式狀語(yǔ)she worked for five weeks in Ghana alongsi

18、de the ASK Project, 主句主句which aims to 定語(yǔ)從句，修飾定語(yǔ)從句，修飾projectwhile training young African business people.伴隨狀語(yǔ)伴隨狀語(yǔ) training和從句的謂語(yǔ)和從句的謂語(yǔ)aims同時(shí)進(jìn)行同時(shí)進(jìn)行謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)：謂語(yǔ)是用來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)做了什么動(dòng)作或處在謂語(yǔ)是用來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)做了什么動(dòng)作或處在什么狀態(tài)。什么狀態(tài)。謂語(yǔ)由動(dòng)詞來(lái)?yè)?dān)任謂語(yǔ)由動(dòng)詞來(lái)?yè)?dān)任,一般放在主語(yǔ)的一般放在主語(yǔ)的后面。后面。謂語(yǔ)一定是以謂語(yǔ)一定是以“時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)動(dòng)詞原形詞原形”形式出現(xiàn)。形式出現(xiàn)。She speaks Engli

19、sh fluently. You may keep the book for two weeks.一個(gè)句子中一個(gè)句子中除非有連詞連接除非有連詞連接，否則，否則只能只有一個(gè)只能只有一個(gè)主語(yǔ)和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)，其他動(dòng)詞只能作為其他動(dòng)詞只能作為非謂語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)。謂語(yǔ)以謂語(yǔ)以時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)形式出現(xiàn)，形式出現(xiàn)，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的基本形式是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的基本形式是doing, done, to do非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一種總稱，總稱，具體具體包括主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、包括主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)，這些都統(tǒng)稱非謂語(yǔ)這些都統(tǒng)稱非謂語(yǔ)。He walked into the roo

20、m and shut the door.He sat there, reading a book.Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage caught the girl and took her away, disappearing into the woods. Ex: 試分析下列動(dòng)詞形式是謂語(yǔ)還是非謂語(yǔ)。如果是非試分析下列動(dòng)詞形式是謂語(yǔ)還是非謂語(yǔ)。如果是非謂語(yǔ)，則說(shuō)明具體是什么成分。謂語(yǔ)，則說(shuō)明具體是什么成分。1. The girl writing a letter there can speak English very well.2

21、. I looked into the window to see what was going on inside. 3. When I opened the door, I found the ground covered by fallen leaves.4. It rained heavily in the south, causing serious flooding in several provinces.5. The old man sat on the chair, with a dog lying beside him. 6. The Dome, a building which was built to celebrate the beginning of the new millennium, had a special display, called “Money”, containing some of the worlds most famous diamonds.試分析下列動(dòng)詞形式是謂語(yǔ)還是非謂語(yǔ)。如果是試分析下列動(dòng)詞形式是謂語(yǔ)還是非謂語(yǔ)。如果是非謂語(yǔ)，則說(shuō)明具體是什么成分。非謂語(yǔ)，則說(shuō)明具體是什么成分。1. The girl writing a lett