牛津英語8B unit1unit4 知識點整理

1、牛津英語8B unit1-4 知識點&語法匯總Unit 1知識點一、重點短語1. in the past few years 在過去的幾年中 2. at present 目前3. in the future 未來；將來 4. an hour ago 一小時前5. in the bowl在碗里 6. share sth. with sb.和.分享 7. be kind to sb. 對友好 8. wait for the next one 等下一輛車 9. knowvery well 非常了解 10. since I was born自我出生以來11. move house 搬家 12.

2、 get married to sb.= marry sb.= be married to sb. 和某人結(jié)婚 13.marry sb. to sb.把某人嫁給某人14. since then 從那以后 15. move two blocks away 搬到兩個街區(qū)以外 16. change a lot改變許多 17. over the years 在這些年期間(現(xiàn)在完成時)18. in the town center= in the center of the town在鎮(zhèn)中心 19. a steel factory 一家鋼鐵廠 20. water pollution水污染 air poll

3、ution空氣污染 noise pollution噪音污染 21. put the waste into the river把廢料扔進(jìn)河 put away 收好 put on 穿上 put off 推遲/延期22. realize the problem意識到問題 23. take action to improve the situation采取行動改善情況24. much cleaner 干凈得多 25. have a beautiful modern town擁有一個美麗現(xiàn)代化的城鎮(zhèn)26.most of my old friends我的大多數(shù)老朋友 27. move away 搬走28.

4、play cards and Chinese chess 打牌，下中國象棋 29. the amazing changes 令人驚奇的改變30.a group of buildings with streets on all sides街道兩邊全是高樓31.all ones life 某人的一生 32. repair over ten bicycles 修十多輛自行車 33.the changes in Beijing北京的變化 34. over the past century上個世紀(jì)期間 35.learn more about更多了解關(guān)于 36. plan to do sth.計劃做某事

5、37. hear about/of 聽說 hear from sb. 收到某人來信 38. clean and fresh air干凈新鮮空氣 39.living condition居住環(huán)境 40. railway station火車站 41. travel to and from the town by bus乘公交進(jìn)出城鎮(zhèn) 42. another big change 另一個大變化 43. move into new flats搬進(jìn)新的公寓 move out of搬出44. return from the USA 從美國回來 return sth. to sb. 把某物歸還給某人45. g

6、o abroad 出國，去國外 at home or abroad在國內(nèi)外46. at primary school 在小學(xué) 47.keep in touch with each other互相保持聯(lián)絡(luò)   municate by email 通過電子郵件交流 49.make communication much easier使溝通更容易 communicate with sb.和某人保持聯(lián)系50. be/get used to (doing) sth 習(xí)慣于（干）某事 get used to the changes of life 習(xí)慣了生活的變化51. take pla

7、ce發(fā)生（有目的有計劃的）、舉行 happen發(fā)生(偶然發(fā)生)52. green hills all around 到處都是綠山 53. a river runs through the centre of town 一條小河穿過鎮(zhèn)中心54. on ones own = by oneself = alone獨自55、throw rubbish扔垃圾 56、in some large open spaces在一些大的開闊的地方57、in their free time 在他們業(yè)余時間 58、travel around the town在鎮(zhèn)里轉(zhuǎn)轉(zhuǎn)59、have their own cars= ha

8、ve cars of their own有他們自己的汽車60.narrow and dirty roads 又窄又臟的公路 61.wide and clean streets寬闊而干凈的街道 62.green trees on both sides兩邊綠樹 63.enjoy a comfortable life享受舒服的生活 64. from time to time=at times=sometimes有時二、詞匯梳理1.I've just eaten it.我剛才把它吃了。 (eat-ate-eaten) just adv. 意為“剛才” 常與完成時連用。 他們剛剛到達(dá)。 e.g.

9、 They have just arrived.注意：just now 意為“剛才”，相當(dāng)于“a moment ago”通常與一般過去時連用。我剛才去了圖書館。e.g.I went to the library just now. 2.used to do sth. 意為“過去常常做某事”，表示過去的習(xí)慣。本身已是過去時態(tài)，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，暗含現(xiàn)在已不再如此。 1) 他的父母過去住在鄉(xiāng)下。 e.g. His parents used to live in the countryside.2) Tom 過去常常早起，不是嗎？ e.g. Tom used to get up early, di

10、dn't he?/ usedn't he? be used to doing sth.習(xí)慣于做某事 e.g. My father is used to reading newspapers after dinner. be used to do 被用來做 e.g. A pen is used to write with.筆是用來寫的。 3.turninto 把變成 Heat turns water into vapor .熱使水變成蒸氣。 turn on打開 turn off關(guān) turn up調(diào)高 turn down調(diào)低 turn around轉(zhuǎn)身 by turns輪流地 in

11、 turn依次 turn in 上交 Its ones turn to do sth.輪到某人做某事 4.in some ways 在某種程度上 in this way以這種方式 on the way (to )在的路上 by the way 順便說下 no way 沒門 in any way 無論如何 5.It has become impossible for us to see each other as often as before.E.g 1.It is necessary for us to study English hard. 2. It is kind of you to

12、help us.若形容詞是描述行為者的性格、品質(zhì)的，如kind，good，nice，clever，careless，polite，foolish等，用of sb.。若形容詞僅僅是描述事物, 用for sb.，如difficult，easy，hard，important，dangerous，（im）possible等。6. feel a bit lonely from time to time 有時感到有點孤單feel a bit lonely 感到有點孤單 from time to time=at times=sometimes有時a bit和a little “稍微”、“

13、有點” ,修飾形容詞、副詞。在肯定句中可以互換。a little 直接修飾不可數(shù)名詞;而a bit修飾名詞時,其后須加上of,構(gòu)成“a bit of+n.”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如: He knows a bit of French.        a bit和a little的否定式意義正好相反。not a bit=not at all,意為“毫不”;而not a little=

14、very much,意為“非?！?“很”。例如: He is not a bit tired.他一點不累。 He is not a little tired.他很累。 a few/few用在復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞之前，little/a little用在不可數(shù)名詞之前。 e.g.He took a few biscuits. (肯定 ) He took few biscuits(否定)  He to

15、ok a little butter. (肯定)     He took little butter. (否定) 7.because of being alone 因為獨自一人. lonely, alone的區(qū)別：lonely作表語，表示心靈內(nèi)部的孤獨寂寞；lonely修飾地點時，意：“荒涼的，偏僻的”。alone指單獨、獨自的意思，作表語。如：He is alone, but he never feels lonely.8.wayin a way 在某種程度上 e.g. In a way, y

16、ou're right. 從某一點上看你是對的。in some ways:在某種程度上;在某些方面 e.g. In some ways I agree with you.在某種程度上我同意你的觀點in the way擋道地on the way. = on ones way在來、去或旅行的過程中 She is on her way out the door. 她往戶外走。on the way home 在回家路上 (home 是副詞，所以省to)on the way to school 在上學(xué)路上e.g.Winter is on the way. 冬天就要來到了the way to th

17、e key to.the way to the post office 去郵局的路by the way 順便說一下9. the changes to Sunshine Town陽光鎮(zhèn)的變化the changes to 的變化 change n.變化，常用復(fù)數(shù)changes。 e.g. Great changes have taken place since 1995.10. We lived till 1965, when I got married. get married結(jié)婚get/be married to sb與某人結(jié)婚marry sb與某人結(jié)婚，e.g. She married a

18、football player. marry sb to sb把某人嫁給某人，e.g. He married his daughter to an actor. get/be married to sb和某人結(jié)婚，e.g. Yao Ming got married to Ye Li on 6 August, 2007. 表示“已經(jīng)結(jié)婚”用have/has got married，表示“已經(jīng)結(jié)婚多久”用have/has been married for時間段或since時間點。e.g. They have got married. They have been married for 5 yea

19、rs.不能說成They have got married for 5 years.11.The changes to Moonlight Town have brought advantages, but they have also caused many problems for people. bring advantages to 給帶來好處，advantage優(yōu)點；有利條件disadvantage缺點；不利條件 cause problems for給帶來麻煩3、 Grammar 現(xiàn)在完成時（1）構(gòu)成：現(xiàn)在完成時由助動詞have / has + 過去分詞構(gòu)成，第三人稱單數(shù)用has，其余

20、用have.現(xiàn)在完成時的否定式直接在助動詞后面加上not、疑問式是把助動詞提到主語之前。 否定式疑問式I have not (havent) studied.Have I studied? Yes, you have. No, you havent.You have not (havent) studied.Have you studied? Yes, I have. No, I havent.He has not (hasnt) studied.Has he studied? Yes, he has. No, he hasnt.（2）用法：1）現(xiàn)在完成時通常表示在說話之前已經(jīng)完成的動作或存在

21、的狀態(tài)。說話人強調(diào)的是該動作或狀態(tài)對現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果或影響。而一般過去時也表示動作已經(jīng)完成，但強調(diào)的是過去發(fā)生了某一動作這樣一個事實。如果沒有說明動作發(fā)生的具體時間，則一般用現(xiàn)在完成時；如果說明了動作發(fā)生的具體時間，帶有表示過去的時間狀語，則用一般過去時。例如： My daughter has just gone out. 我女兒剛出去。 Im sure weve met before. 我肯定我們以前見過面。 She has arrived. 她到了。2）表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，往往和包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的表示一段時間的狀語連用，如today, these days, recently, now, l

22、ately, for, since, in the last/past two weeks/years/days/months, just 等。如： I havent heard from her these days. 這些日子我沒有收到她的信。 We havent seen you recently. 最近我們沒有見到你。 They have been away for two years. 他們離開已經(jīng)兩年了。 She has been with us since Monday. 她從星期一就一直和我們在一起。注意：1）表示短暫意義的動詞如open, go, come, die, arr

23、ive, leave, lose, fall等，在完成時當(dāng)中不能和包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的表示一段時間的狀語連用，因為它們表示的動作不可能持續(xù)。因此，不能說： ×He has come here for 2 weeks. ×The old man has died for 4 months. ×They have left only for 5 minutes.以上三句話可以改為：Its two weeks since he came here. He has been here for 2 weeks.Its 4 months since the old man died

24、.They have been away only for 5 minutes2）have (has) been 和have (has) gone的區(qū)別：表示“曾到過某地”要用 “have (has) been”; 表示“已經(jīng)去某地”要用 “have (has) gone”。試比較：Where has he been? 他剛才到哪里去了？（已經(jīng)回來了）Where has he gone? 他上哪兒去了？（人不在）They have been to Canada. 他們到過加拿大。（現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在加拿大）They have gone to Canada. 他們到加拿大去了。（可能在路上和已經(jīng)到加拿

25、大）.3）現(xiàn)在完成時不能和明確指出時間的狀語，如yesterday, last year, in 1976, two days ago, just now, when I came in 等連用， 但可以和不明確指出時間的狀語，如already, yet, sometimes, always, often, before, lately, recently, once, twice, ever, never等連用。例如：She has already come. 她已經(jīng)來了。I havent read it yet. 我還沒讀過這個。I have met him before. 我從前曾見過他

26、。Ma Hong has always been a good student. 馬紅一直是個好學(xué)生。I have often seen him in the street. 我經(jīng)常在街上看見他。They have never been to Yanan. 他們從未去過延安。I haven't seen him lately. 我近來沒看到他。Unit 2知識點一、重點短語1. go to sp for a/ones holiday去某地度假 2. be on holiday在度假3. have been to sp去過某地（已經(jīng)回來） 4. have gone to sp去了某地（還

27、沒回來） 5.join sb in doing sth加入某人去做某事 6. get ready for sth. 為做好準(zhǔn)備 get ready to do sth. 準(zhǔn)備做某事7. take sth. with sb.隨身攜帶 8. place of interest 名勝9. see each other 互相見面 10. miss sb. very much 非常想念某人11. have a fantastic/good/nice/wonderful time=have fun=enjoy oneself玩得愉快12. get to sp.=reach sp.=arrive at/in

28、 sp. 到達(dá)某地(沒有目的地只用arrive) 13.at the speed of 以的速度 14. through the ride在行程中15.（動詞)hurry to sp/ go to sp in a hurry(名詞) 16. such as/for example例如17. later in the afternoon=in the late afternoon下午遲些時候 18. the best part of the day 這天最好部分19. run after sb.追趕某人 20. cant stop doing =cant help doing 禁不住做某事21.

29、 Stop to do something停下來去做另一件事 Stop doing something停止正在做的22. be like magic像魔法一樣23. a couple of = a pair of 一雙；一對 24. near/at the end of 將近/在結(jié)束的時候 25. in the end=finally 最后 26. by the end of到.為止27. during your stay there (名詞) 在你待在那期間28.let me have a look at sth.讓我看一下某物29.go to sp to attend a meeting去

30、某地開會 30.在沙灘上玩play on the sand31. 順便說一下by the way 32. 邀請某人去野餐invite sb to go for a picnic33.去野餐go for a picnic /have a picnic 34.中國園林Chinese gardens35.自然景觀places of natural beauty36.全年去那兒go there all year round(during the whole year)37.在任何季節(jié)in any season 38.在一年的那個時刻at that time of year39.去某地出差go to s

31、p on business 40.leave for sp 動身去某地，前往某地42.在一大早in the early morning 43.坐飛機(jī)去某地take a plane to sp / take a flight to sp go to sp by air / plane go to sp on a plane44.wave to sb.向某人揮手二、詞匯梳理1.miss sb. very much 非常想念某人miss v. 1)思念；想念When I studied in USA，I miss my parents very much. 2)錯過，沒趕上 Hurry up, or

32、 you will miss the bus. n. 小姐，后接 姓氏時，常常大寫 This is my English teacher, Miss li. 2.spend the whole day at Disneyland在迪斯尼度過一整天 spend v 1） 度過 I spent my winter holiday in Hainan. 2) 花費 spend + 時間/金錢 on + 東西 spend + 時間/金錢（in) doing something E.g. I spent an hour on my homework yesterday. I spent an hour

33、in doing my homework yesterday. 3.On the way 在路上 on the way to + 地點 在去的路上 on ones way to + 地點 在某人去的路上 注意：遇到 home/here/there 等地點副詞時省略to4. see sb. playing on the sand看到某人正在沙灘上玩see somebody doing sth 看到某人正在做see somebody do sth 看到某人做某事的過程或經(jīng)常看到某人做某事E.g.I saw him working in the garden yesterday. Jim often

34、 sees Mary help others. 5.die v 死亡 His grandfather died last week.death n 死亡 He cried after knowing his grandfathers death.dying 動詞現(xiàn)在分詞；形容詞 奄奄一息的，垂死的His grandfather is dying. 他的爺爺快過世了。dead 形容詞 死的 His grandfather has been dead for three years. 6.1)Except 與 besides 都可表示“除外”，但 besides 表示一種累加關(guān)系，意指“除了什么之

35、外，還有”；而 except 則表示一種排除關(guān)系，意指“除了什么之外，不再有”。如：Besides his wife，his daughter also went to see him. 除他妻子外，他女兒也去看過他(即妻子女兒都去看過他)。Nobody went to see him except his wife. 除他妻子外，沒有一個人看過他(即只有他妻子去看過他)。 2)關(guān)于 except 與 except for：except 主要用來談?wù)撏惖臇|西，而 except for是"除了因為;要不是;除去一點外"的意思,表示"對一個人或事物,先做一個整體評價

36、,然后再就局部提出一點看法"。即一部分被肯定,另一部分被否定,這就是所謂的"排除否定式"。其判別標(biāo)志是:除去的與保留的"不是同類項"。All compositions are well written except yours. 除了你的作文外，其他的作文都寫得很好。His composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes. 他的作文寫得不錯，只是有幾處拼寫錯誤。 7.in front of (在某物外部的前面） There are two trees in front of the

37、classroom. in the front of (在某物內(nèi)部的前面）There are a teachers desk in the front of the classroom.8.endless:無止盡的，-less后綴表示“沒有的” 例：I have an endless list of homework to do.我有沒完沒了的家務(wù)活去做。9.have a birds-eye view of:鳥瞰、俯視例：From the hill we can have a bird's-eye view of the city. 從山上我們可以鳥瞰全城。11.go on a sch

38、ool trip 進(jìn)行一次學(xué)校旅行12.in all總共, 合計;總之 above all 最重要的是, 首先; 尤其是, 特別是 after all畢竟, 終究, 歸根結(jié)底 first of all首先13.The weather in Hong Kong is quite different from that in Beijing.香港的天氣與北京不同。在asas, not as/soas, the same as, be different from或形容詞、副詞的比較等級結(jié)構(gòu)中，當(dāng)主語為不可數(shù)名詞時，后者用that代替。當(dāng)主語是名詞復(fù)數(shù)時，后者用those代替。e.g. Usuall

39、y the pollution in big cities is much more serious than that in the countries. There are more books in our library than those in theirs.3、 Grammar have gone to和have been to的區(qū)別和用法 have gone to意為“到某地去”，說話時該人不在現(xiàn)場，一般不用第一人稱、第二人稱代詞作句子的主語。如：Where is Jim？吉姆在哪里？He has gone to England他去英國了。（尚未回來）Mr Wang isn&#

40、39;t hereHe has gone to Qingdao王先生不在這里。他去青島了。 have been to意為“曾經(jīng)去過某地”，現(xiàn)在已不在那里了，后可接次數(shù)，如once，twice，three times等，表示“去過某地幾次”，也可和 just，never，ever等連用。如：My father has been to Beijing twice我父親去過北京兩次。I have never been to the Great Wall我從未去過長城。have been in表示“在某地呆了多少時間”，常與時間段狀語連用。如：I have been in Shanghai for t

41、hree years我到上海已有三年了。He has been in London for half a month他來倫敦已有半個月了。現(xiàn)在完成時表示行為或狀態(tài)從過去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在時，要加表示一段時間的時間狀語，常用 for一段時間, since時間點。謂語動詞也要用延續(xù)性的動詞。現(xiàn)在完成時中非延續(xù)性動詞與延續(xù)性動詞的轉(zhuǎn)換非延續(xù)性動詞延續(xù)性動詞例句buyhave(has) hadHe has had this motorcycle for over two years.borrowhave(has) keptShe has kept this book for nearly three we

42、eks.arrivehave(has) been in/atKitty has been in Hong Kong for two days.leave,have(has) been awayShe has been away from home for a month.joinhave(has) been in/ a member ofHe has been a member of the Football Club since last year.diehave(has) been deadThe lamb has been dead for quite some time.get mar

43、riedhave(has) been marriedThey have been married for more than fifteen e/gohave(has) been in/atMy cousin has been in Beijing for a month.begin/starthave(has) been onThe parade has been on for almost an hour.stophave(has) been overThe conference has been over since last Saturday.losehave(has

44、) been lostThe key has been lost for about three hours.Unit 3知識點一、重點短語1. look like 看起來像 2. agree with sb. on sth同意某人觀點 3. agree to do sth同意做某事 4. cant wait 迫不及待5. come on 來吧，趕快 6. cheer for 為歡呼7. enjoy oneself 玩得開心 8. get on 上車9.鼠標(biāo)（復(fù)數(shù)）mouse mouses 老鼠（復(fù)數(shù)）mouse mice 10.chat(動詞）with sb. have a chat（名詞）

45、 with sb. 和某人聊天11. do word processing做文字處理 12. send and receive emails收發(fā)電子郵件13. be fast and easy快捷 14. almost every day幾乎每天15. I have no idea.Ive no idea.I dont know.我不知道16. Around the World in Eight Hours 八小時環(huán)游世界17. at the top of the page在本頁上方 18. at the bottom of 在底部19. further on再往前 20. be famous

46、/ known for21. be famous as+職業(yè) 作而出名 22. so much for sth.關(guān)于.就講這么多，.到此為止 23. pick another city選擇另一個城市 24. pick up 撿起來 / 去(機(jī)場)接某人25. be filled with / be full of充滿 26.fewer than / less than少于 27.more than / over多于 28.fall from the sky從空中落下29.dream of / about doing sth夢想做某事30.book tickets and hotels 預(yù)定票和

47、酒店 31.order meals 訂餐32.be made up of.由.組成 33.have a long history 有著悠久的歷史34.the best time to visit 參觀的最好時節(jié) 35.prepare for為準(zhǔn)備36.prepare to do sth.準(zhǔn)備做某事 e out:出版、發(fā)行；出來, 長出38.be filled with / be full of充滿 39.return from sp從某地回來 40. return to sp 回到某地二、詞匯梳理1. look like 看起來像（指長相，即可指人也可指物） What do/does sb.

48、look like? 問長相=How do/does sb. look? What be sb. like? 問品質(zhì) What do/does sb. like? 問喜好2.send and receive emails收發(fā)電子郵件 (1) send 發(fā)送 send sb. sth.=send sth. to sb.把某物寄給/送給某人 (2) receive 收到，接到 receive emails 接收郵件 區(qū)分：receive 與accept receive 客觀(被動地)收到 accept 主觀接受 eg. I received a bunch of flower, but I did

49、n't accept it. 3. use sth to do/ use sth. for sth. 用做1.你通常用你的電腦來干嘛？What do you use your computer for?What do you use your computer to do?2.我用它來搜索信息use it to search for informationuse it for searching for information4. turn on the TV turn on/off打開/關(guān)閉，turn up/down調(diào)大/調(diào)低；都是“動詞副詞”。5. notice the “tour

50、” icon注意到“tour”這個圖標(biāo) notice sb do sth注意到某人做了某事 notice sb doing sth注意到某人正在做某事6. thousands of 數(shù)以千計的 hundred, thousand, million等表示確指時（前面有具體的數(shù)字），用單數(shù)；表泛指（前面沒有數(shù)字）用復(fù)數(shù)，其后加of 。 eg. three thousand hundreds of7. 1. Its exciting to see the huge glass ball falling through the darkness. 看到大玻璃球在黑夜中落下令人很興奮。(1) see s

51、b. doing sth.看見某人正在做某事 eg. When I passed by the KFC, I saw many children eating hamburgers and chips in it. see sb. do sth.看見某人做了某事（強調(diào)動作發(fā)生的全過程）（2）through the darkness穿過黑夜8. With several lakes, hills and a large green lawn, its a good place to relax after a hard days work.(1) 一個放松的好地方a good place to

52、relax relax 放松，休息 relax oneself放松自己動詞三單：relaxes 形容詞：relaxed 修飾人 relaxing 修飾物(2) 在辛苦工作一天后after a hard days work 30小時的火車車程 thirty hours train ride(3) 一大片綠草地a large green lawn9. It has been famous for its theatres since the early twentieth century(1) 因而出名be famous/ known for 作而出名be famous as+職業(yè) 被.所熟知be

53、 famous to sbE.g.He is famous to the people all over the world.他被全世界的人所熟知.自從20世紀(jì)早期since the early twentieth century 10. take part in =join in +比賽/活動 join +黨派/組織/sb./trip/walk join sb. in doing sth.加入某人做某事的行列11. 介意做某事mind doing sth 介意某人做某事mind ones doing sth (中間用形物主代) 介意給我展示如何開始在線旅游mind showing me how to start this online tour 介意我打開窗子mind my opening the window(中間用形物代) Do you mind doing sth.? 介意：Youd better not . 不介意：Not at all. /Of course not. /Certainly not.12. 不客氣，很樂意My pleasure. / Its my pleasure.（名詞） my pleasure 不客氣，很樂意效勞，回答別人的道謝，=Youre welcome. 區(qū)別：with pleasure 很樂意效勞 ，回答別人的請