牛津英語(yǔ)模塊五語(yǔ)法講練

1、單元：Unit 3 Science Versus Nature板塊：語(yǔ)法語(yǔ)法精講動(dòng)詞的-ed形式（過(guò)去分詞）一、構(gòu)成和用法1、過(guò)去分詞是動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)形式的一種（v-ed），在句中作狀語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。例如：1）作狀語(yǔ)：Interested in the stories (as they were interested in her stories), they gave Tracy Wong $15,000 advance. 因?yàn)閷?duì)她的小說(shuō)感興趣，他們預(yù)付了Tracy Wong一萬(wàn)五千美元。 The boy sat at the table buried in his lessons

2、(and (he) was buried in his lessons). 那位男孩坐在桌前，埋頭做功課。2）作定語(yǔ)：The first mammal cloned from an adult cell（that was / had been cloned from an adult cell）was Dolly the sheep. 第一個(gè)用成年細(xì)胞克隆的哺乳動(dòng)物是克隆羊多莉。The name mentioned in the letter（which was mentioned in the letter）was unknown to me. 信里提到的名字我不熟。3）作表語(yǔ)：We wer

3、e surprised to find that the window was broken. 窗子破了。4）作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：He found it hard to make himself understood. 他發(fā)現(xiàn)很難使自己被理解。問(wèn)題：由上例（斜體部分）你能看出過(guò)去分詞有什么特點(diǎn)？結(jié)論：a）過(guò)去分詞（常常）表示“被動(dòng)”含義。 b）作狀語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)時(shí)，多數(shù)是由相應(yīng)的從句轉(zhuǎn)化而來(lái)。2、下面的例子中過(guò)去分詞不表示被動(dòng)：The ground is covered with fallen leaves. 地上鋪滿了落葉。At present China is still less developed

4、 than most of western countries. 目前中國(guó)還沒(méi)有多數(shù)西方國(guó)家發(fā)達(dá)。Eating boiled eggs will do you good. 吃煮雞蛋對(duì)你的身體有好處。問(wèn)題：斜體部分的動(dòng)詞有什么共同點(diǎn)？結(jié)論：fall（掉，落下），develop（發(fā)展），boil（煮）等動(dòng)詞在上例中是不及物動(dòng)詞，不及物動(dòng)詞是不能表示被動(dòng)的，它們的過(guò)去分詞形式只表示“完成”、“過(guò)去”。3、過(guò)去分詞的否定（not，never等）要放在過(guò)去分詞前面。如：Not given enough time, I had to give up halfway. 由于沒(méi)有給我足夠的時(shí)間，我只得中途放棄

5、。4、修飾分詞的副詞一般置于分詞的前面。如：Greatly encouraged by the story, we are determined to do our best for the country. 在這個(gè)故事的鼓舞下，我們決心全心全意為祖國(guó)服務(wù)。5、過(guò)去分詞還可以與其它詞組成合成形容詞。1）副詞過(guò)去分詞：well-educated（受過(guò)良好教育的），ill-treated（受到惡劣對(duì)待的），overused（被濫用的），homemade（家制的）2）名詞過(guò)去分詞：hand-made（手工制作的），man-made（人造的）3）另外還有，形容詞（或名詞）名詞ed的形式：Kind-he

6、arted（心地善良的），absent-minded（心不在焉的）， warm-blooded（溫血的）二、形容詞化的過(guò)去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞有些動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞已經(jīng)變成了形容詞，這類動(dòng)詞的往往與人的心理感受有關(guān)，如：amaze（使吃驚）amazedamazing; excite（使興奮）excitedexciting, please（使?jié)M意）pleasedpleasing, thrill（使緊張）thrilledthrilling等。這類過(guò)去分詞表示：“感到的（having the feeling of ）”，表示人的感受，例如：The public was shocked at his

7、intention to clone a human. 公眾對(duì)他克隆人的意圖感到震驚。The disappointed parents gave a wry smile.（感到）失望的父母苦笑了笑。流露出的（showing the feeling of），用來(lái)形容人的“表情、眼神”等，常修飾象look, expression, eye等名詞，如：The audience wore a bored look on their faces. 聽(tīng)眾臉上掛著厭煩的表情。現(xiàn)在分詞則表示“令人（感到）的（giving the feeling of），主要修飾表示事物的名詞，但也不盡然。如：The resu

8、lt is disappointing. 結(jié)果令人失望。They rejoiced at the exciting news. 他們對(duì)這令人興奮的消息欣喜若狂。試比較：the disappointed boy（感到）失望的男孩（意思是說(shuō)這個(gè)男孩感到失望）the disappointing boy 令人失望的男孩（意思是說(shuō)這個(gè)男孩令人失望）因此，在特定的語(yǔ)境中要多加推敲。三、圖解分詞（分詞各種形式的比較）在多數(shù)情況下，現(xiàn)在分詞表示“主動(dòng)”、“進(jìn)行”的含義； 過(guò)去分詞表示“被動(dòng)”、“完成”的含義；如果是“被動(dòng)”但又是“進(jìn)行”，那么就用“現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式”，“現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式”一般用作定語(yǔ)。如果是“

9、主動(dòng)”但又是“完成”，那么就用“現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式”，“現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式”用作狀語(yǔ)。如下圖： 現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式 the bridge being built 正在（被）興建的橋主動(dòng) 進(jìn)行 現(xiàn)在分詞 the workers building the bridge 正在建橋的工人被動(dòng) 完成 過(guò)去分詞 the bridge built 已（被）建成的橋現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式 Having built the bridge, the workers were allowed some days leave. 建完了橋后， 1. What did the librarian _ out of the libra

10、ry?A. permit to take B. forbid to be takenC. allow to take D. insist being taken2. - Mum, why do you give me so much popcorn?- _ the boring time.A. Kill B. Killing C. To kill D. Having killed3. What Yang Liwei wanted to do when he got out of the spaceship was _ the joy with all the Chinese.A. share

11、B. shared C. having shared D. about to share4. When she was alone at home, Mary needed a friend _.A. playing with B. having played withC. with whom to play with D. with whom to play5. _ the big snake, the little girl stood under the tree _ out of life.A. Seeing; frightened B. Seeing; frighteningC. S

12、een; frightened D. To see; frightening6. Could you give me a hand _ from a car, please?A. to carry the shopping B. for carrying the shoppingC. and carrying shopping D. carrying the shopping7. Every minute must be made full use of _ our lessons, for the college entrance examination is coming.A. going

13、 over B. to go over C. go over D. our going over8. Who did the teacher have _ an article for the wall newspaper just now?A. written B. writing C. write D. to write9. _ a boy of ten, he started working to support himself.A. Being B. When still C. Because of D. While10. It is worth much_ is worth doin

14、g.A. doing it B. what to do C. do what D. to do what11. There is always the chance _ the weak _ the strong.A. of, defeating B. about, defeating C. of, winning D. of, to defeat12. She is looking forward as much to his return as he himself to _ her.A. have seen B. seeing C. see D. be seen13. There are

15、 ten waiting rooms at the newly-built station, _ in all 20,000 people.A. seating B. seated C. sitting D. to seating14. “ If ,” he added, “ _ enough time, I would certainly have done it better.”A. to give B. I was given C. given D. to be given15. - Cant you take a few days off from work to go with me

16、 to New York?- Sure. _ my way and I will be glad to.A. Pay B. If you pay C. To pay D. Paying16. _ the answer, Tom, who asked the question, still stood with his hand _.A. Giving; raised B. Given; raised C. Given; risen D. Giving; rising17.- Shall we go swimming?- Ok, Ill just go and get _.A. to chang

17、e B. myself changed C. changed D. to be changed18. - Would you do me a favor?- I regret _ I am busy just now.A. to say B. saying C. having said D. to have said19. I have no one _ me, for I am a new comer here.A. help B. helping C. to help D. to have helped20. The building _ in our school is for us t

18、eachers. Though theres noise most of the day, we still feel happy about it.A. built B. having been built C. to be built D. being built21. Theres _ what the weather will be like tomorrow.A. no knowing B. not known C. not knowing D. no known22. - You _ part in the party on time.- Sorry, I was delay by

19、 the accident.A. are to take B. have supposed to takeB. were to have taken D. supposed to take23. _ with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain doesnt seem high at all.A. When compared B. To compareC. While comparing D. It compared24. _ in her best suit, the girl tried to make herself _ a

20、t the party.A. Dressed; noticed B. Dressing; noticingC. Dressed; noticing D. Dressing; noticing25. The matter _ your study surely requires _ carefully.A. relating to; dealing with B. related to; dealt withC. related to; being dealt with D. relating to; having dealt with26. Everything _ into consider

21、ation, they believed themselves more and returned to their positions.A. to take B. taken C. to be taken D. taking27. - What do you think of the plan?- Its easier said than _.A. carried out B. carrying outC. carry out D. to carry out28. Many businessmen attended the Boao Forum (博鰲論壇 ) because they kn

22、ew what _ from the forum.A. to get B. to be got C. got D. getting29. There was a famous person at the party whom everyone would like _to themselves.A. to introduce B. to be introducedC. introducing D. being introduced30. - Were you at home last Sunday?- Yeah! I devoted the whole day to _ the English

23、 grammar.A. review B. reviewing C. be reviewed D. being reviewed31. Prices of daily goods _ through a computer can be lower than store prices.A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying32. _, John returned to school from his hometown.A. The summer vocation being overB. The summer vocation is ov

24、erC. Because the summer vocation overD. After the summer vocation being over33. _ she cant come, who will do the work?A. Supposed B. SupposingC. Having supposed D. Being supposed34. - Is there anything you want from town?- No, thank you. But I would like to get _.A. those letters mailed B. mailed le

25、ttersC. to mail those letters D. those letters mail35. After the guests left, she spent as much time as she could _ the rooms.A. tidy up B. to clear away C. clear away D. tidying up36. _ it or not, this dictionary has shocked everyone in scientific circles.A. Believe B. To believe C. Believing D. Be

26、lieved37.To tell you the truth, Id rather read than watch TV; the programs seem _ all the time.A. to get worse B. to be getting worseC. to have got worse D. getting worse38. After the Arab states won independence, great emphasis was laid on education, with girls as well as boys _ to go to school.A.

27、to be encouraged B. encouragingC. encouraged D. be encouraged39. Everyone had an application form in his hand, but no one knew which office _.A. to send it to B. to send itC. to be sent to D. to have it sent40. The foreign tourists have visited many scenic spots in Shanghai, _ as interpreter.A. the

28、guide acts B. the guide actingC. acting D. acted41. Linda is thought to _ in Africa, but I really dont know what country she is working in.A. have worked B. work C. be working D. be worked42. _ time and labor, cartoonists generally draw the hands of their characters with only 3 fingers and a thumb.A

29、. To save B. Saved C. Saving D. Having saved43. _ money if you can and many poor children in the poor mountainous areas will be able to go back to school.A. Having given B. Given C. To give D. Give44. Whatever trouble Mr. White had _ with the case, he would stick to his own opinion.A. deal B. to dea

30、l C. dealt D. dealing45. _ the distance was too long and the time was too short, we decided not to drive to Florida.A. Discovering B. To discover C. To have discovered D. Discovered46. What surprised me most was that there appeared a _ look on her face on hearing the unexpected news.A. worrying B. w

31、orried C. worry D. worries47. If you go to the West Lake in Hangzhou, you will find it more attractive than commonly _.A. supposing B. to suppose C. supposed D. being supposed48. - Havent you seen the sign, _ “ NO PHOTOS”?- Im really sorry I didnt.A. reads B. to read C. read D. reading49. _ nice and

32、 delicious, the fried chicken was soon sold out.A. Tasted B. Being tasted C. Tasting D. To taste50. -The plan is heard _ so well that we dont have to make any changes.-It is indeed.A. to design B. designing C. designed D. design51. The woman found it no good _ her daughter too much money.A. giving B. being given C. given D. gave52. Her dress has become loose. She appears _ weight.A. to lose B. being lost C. losing D. to have lost53. I find these problems are easy _.A. to be work