Section 11.28 備忘記錄 Memos and Minutes教學(xué)課件

1、1. What is a memorandum?v A memorandum or memo is a note or communication that aids the memory by recording events or observations on a topic, such as may be used in a business office. The plural form is either memoranda or memorandums. It is a written form of communication most often employed in bu

2、siness environments. It is an informal record, in the form of a brief written note or outline, of a particular legal transaction or document for the purpose of aiding the parties in remembering particular points or for future reference.v A memorandum is typically written using the following structur

3、e: a) To: The person receiving the memorandum; b) From: The person writing the memorandum; c) Date: Usually a formal manner of writing the date; e) Subject: A short title descriptive of the topic for discussion in the memorandum; f) Introduction: Explaining why the memorandum has been written and wh

4、at topic the memorandum will discuss; f) Body: discussing the topic in detail-explaining what exactly and itemizing when possible; g) Conclusion: explaining what will or should happen next, when the follow-up will occur and why the date is important. A memorandum can also be a legal document setting

5、 out the terms of an agreement or contract as in a Memorandum of Sale, Memorandum of Shipment, or Memorandum of Understanding.2. What are minutes?v Minutes also known as protocols may be notes recounting the transactions occurring at meetings or official proceedings, records kept by courts and corpo

6、rations. They often give an overview of the structure of the meeting, starting with a list of those present, a statement of the various issues before the participants, and each of their responses thereto. v Minutes are often created at the moment of the hearing by a typist or court recorder at the m

7、eeting, who may record the meeting in shorthand, and then type the minutes and issue them to the participants afterwards. Alternatively, the meeting may be audio recorded and the minutes typed later. v The minutes of certain entities, such as a corporate board of directors, must be kept and are impo

8、rtant legal documents. Generally, minutes begin with the organization name, place, date, list of people present, and the time that the chairman called the meeting to order. Minutes then record what actually happens at a meeting, usually in the order that it actually happens, regardless of whether th

9、e meeting follows or ignores any written agenda. A less often used format may record the events in the order they occur on the written agenda, regardless of the actual chronology. II. 商界名言 Business Sayingsv 1. Strike the iron while it is hot. 趁熱打鐵。v 2. The frog in the well knows nothing of the great

10、 ocean. 坐井觀天。v 3. He that is full of himself is very empty. 妄自尊大，腹中空空。v 4. The fox knew too much, thats how he lost his tail. 機(jī)關(guān)算盡太聰明，反誤了卿卿性命。v 5. A thing you dont want is dear at any price. 無需之物，再賤也貴。v 6. A man works from sun to sun, but womans work is never done. 男人一天忙到晚，女人一生忙不完。 vIII. 核心詞語Core Wo

11、rds and Phrases (omitted)v要求課前背誦重要術(shù)語vIV. 經(jīng)典句式Typical Sentences v(omitted)v要求首先思考如何翻譯？有多少不同的路徑？變換詞性、主語、從句會(huì)產(chǎn)生什么不同的效果？Practice makes perfectvdelivery assure furnish comply with von condition that of no avail execute draw vsustain authorize favour with an eye tovinstruct revert to on account of rest ass

12、ured in ones favour entertain in accordance withconform to1 Fill in the blanks with the words and phrases given in the box. Change the forms where necessary.Exercises(1) The enclosed order, No.98918, is for prompt _ as the winter season is only a few weeks away. (2) We accept your order and wish to

13、_ you that dispatch will be put in hand immediately when we receive your L/C.(3) Please _ us with your own samples of handkerchiefs closest in designs and quality to those we enclose here.(4) We find it difficult to _ your request as we have offered you the best possible price if you take the qualit

14、y of our products into account.(5) All our efforts to expedite shipment have been _. (6) We shall increase our order by 10% _ you reduce your price accordingly.(7) There has been some delay in the _ of your order. (8) Ive succeeded in persuading our export manager to agree to a reduction of ten perc

15、ent. He made this an exception _ future business.(9) We hope that you will see your way to make up for the loss we _. (10) To avoid subsequent amendment, please see to it that the L/C stipulations should be _ the terms in the sales confirmation. delivery assure furnish comply with of no avail on con

16、dition that execution with an eye to sustainedin accordance with (11) We _ by our bank to pay the deposit.(12) As for the payment, we would like you to _ a draft at 30 d/s on us for the invoice amount plus shipping and other expenses with a 10% commission.(13) We will request our bankers to open an

17、L/C _ upon receipt of your confirmation of this order. (14) We _ to use the trademarks in connection with our activities under this agreement.(15) We are always improving our design and patterns to _ the world market.(16) When fresh supplies come into the market, we can _ your enquiry.(17) You can _

18、 that we would make every effort to effect the shipment as soon as possible so as to meet your demand.(18) We have to cancel the order _ your failure to ship the goods within the specified time. (19) At present we cannot see our way to _ your counteroffer, as our price is quite realistic.(20) We sha

19、ll be very pleased to receive any order with which you care to _us. have been instructed draw in your favour are authorized conform to revert to rest assured on account of entertain favour V. 段落寫譯 Paragraph Writing and Translatingv1. 在寫備忘錄之前就要組織好自己的想法并且搞清楚備忘錄的基本格式。備忘錄的標(biāo)題通常要包括日期、發(fā)送者姓名、接受者姓名和主題標(biāo)目。5. P

20、lease translate the following Chinese letter into English. v 敬啟者：v 你們訂購600臺(tái)“金魚”牌自動(dòng)洗衣機(jī), 編號(hào)為8705-A01的訂單收到，我們對(duì)此非常感謝, 并樂意向你們作如下確認(rèn)：上述商品可以現(xiàn)貨供應(yīng)。我們相信，你們一定會(huì)對(duì)我們產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量滿意的。v 至于支付方式，我們同意你們的意見，即你們開立一份保兌的、不可撤消信用證，總金額為六萬港幣，有效期至9月12日。等收到National Bank的信用證確認(rèn)函后，你們訂購的貨物將備妥待運(yùn)。v 我們將確保上述貨物將及時(shí)到達(dá)你處，同時(shí)希望收到你們更多的定單。v 謹(jǐn)上Reference

21、 Answern Dear Sirs, n We highly appreciate your Order No. 8705-A01 for 600 sets of Golden Fish Brand Automatic Washing Machines and are pleased to confirm that the goods can be supplied from stock. We are confident that you will be much satisfied with the quality of our products.n We agree with you

22、on the proposed method of payment by a confirmed, irrevocable L/C, with a sum of HKD 60 000 and validity till September 12. Upon receipt of confirmation of the L/C from the National Bank, we will have your order ready for shipment.n We will ensure that the goods will reach you in good time and that

23、we may receive further orders from you in the future.n Yours faithfully,v1. 在寫備忘錄之前就要組織好自己的想法并且搞清楚備忘錄的基本格式。備忘錄的標(biāo)題通常要包括日期、發(fā)送者姓名、接受者姓名和主題標(biāo)目。vOrganize your thoughts before writing the memo and understand the basic format of a memo. The heading of the memo always includes the date, the name of the sende

24、r, the names of the recipients and the subject heading.v2. 不管是通過電子郵件、傳真、普通郵件還是在下次會(huì)上，都要將完成了的會(huì)議記錄遞交審批。最好是讓組織和機(jī)構(gòu)成員能在下次會(huì)議之前收到，這樣他們就可以通讀一下。v2. 不管是通過電子郵件、傳真、普通郵件還是在下次會(huì)上，都要將完成了的會(huì)議記錄遞交審批。最好是讓組織和機(jī)構(gòu)成員能在下次會(huì)議之前收到，這樣他們就可以通讀一下。vSubmit completed minutes for approval, whether it is by email, fax, regular mail or at

25、 the next meeting. It is always preferable for the members of the group or organization to receive the minutes before the next meeting so they can read over them. v3. 我們與客戶聯(lián)系過了并希告知貴方，經(jīng)研究了你們的說明書后，他們認(rèn)為這些設(shè)備適合他們生產(chǎn)上的需要，但由于目前市場上對(duì)他們產(chǎn)品的需求不旺，他們認(rèn)為用現(xiàn)金購買機(jī)器是不合適的。v3. 我們與客戶聯(lián)系過了并希告知貴方，經(jīng)研究了你們的說明書后，他們認(rèn)為這些設(shè)備適合他們生產(chǎn)上的需要

26、，但由于目前市場上對(duì)他們產(chǎn)品的需求不旺，他們認(rèn)為用現(xiàn)金購買機(jī)器是不合適的。vWe have contacted our customers and wish to inform you that having studied your pamphlets; they find the machine suitable for their need in production. However, owing to the slack demand for their products for the time being, they do not think it advisable to bu

27、y the machines with cash.v4. 寫商務(wù)備忘錄可謂領(lǐng)導(dǎo)團(tuán)隊(duì)的一種工具，在不要求按日程表召開公司會(huì)議的時(shí)候可用來向員工通報(bào)重要新聞。v4. 寫商務(wù)備忘錄可謂領(lǐng)導(dǎo)團(tuán)隊(duì)的一種工具，在不要求按日程表召開公司會(huì)議的時(shí)候可用來向員工通報(bào)重要新聞。vWriting a business memo is a great tool for leading teams; it informs employees of important news when a company meeting is not required to be scheduled.v5. 我方得強(qiáng)調(diào)，由于客戶急需這

28、項(xiàng)貨物，本公司須抓緊處理訂單，否則問題嚴(yán)重。因此貴公司務(wù)須告知最早裝運(yùn)日期。v5. 我方得強(qiáng)調(diào)，由于客戶急需這項(xiàng)貨物，本公司須抓緊處理訂單，否則問題嚴(yán)重。因此貴公司務(wù)須告知最早裝運(yùn)日期。vWe must stress that we are facing considerable problems since the consignment is urgently required to satisfy orders from our customers. It is imperative that you inform us of the earliest possible shipment

29、 date. VI. 討論評(píng)估 Discussion and Assessmentv首先探索語言學(xué)習(xí)方法在商務(wù)英語寫作中的運(yùn)用，然后討論為了最終提高自己的商務(wù)寫作能力，應(yīng)該如何正視商務(wù)英語寫作中的錯(cuò)誤，從錯(cuò)誤中學(xué)到什么？最后以一個(gè)短小的翻譯例子來說明，商務(wù)寫作時(shí)如何做到同根義項(xiàng)協(xié)調(diào)善斷？1）語言知識(shí)需要反復(fù)循環(huán)才得以鞏固v 各種研究表明，外語詞匯必須經(jīng)過反復(fù)練習(xí)、反復(fù)應(yīng)用才能被學(xué)習(xí)者真正地掌握（Wallace 1982;Nation 1990）。羅杰斯(1969)主張教育目標(biāo)應(yīng)該是促進(jìn)變化和學(xué)習(xí)，培養(yǎng)能夠適應(yīng)變化和知道如何學(xué)習(xí)的人。現(xiàn)代世界中，變化是惟一可以作為確立教育目標(biāo)的依據(jù)。這種變化取決

30、于過程而不是取決于靜止的知識(shí)培養(yǎng)目標(biāo)應(yīng)該是使學(xué)生成為“學(xué)會(huì)如何學(xué)習(xí)的人”、“學(xué)會(huì)如何適應(yīng)變化的人”，從而成為能適應(yīng)社會(huì)要求的“充分發(fā)揮作用的人。2）習(xí)作是自己英文水平的真實(shí)映射v 糾錯(cuò)對(duì)英語寫作具有積極的意義后，提請(qǐng)他人修改同時(shí)對(duì)其他人習(xí)作發(fā)表修改意見是對(duì)他人的一種友好的幫助和對(duì)自己的一種特殊的訓(xùn)練。Dykstra（1964）認(rèn)為寫作就是培養(yǎng)正確的語言習(xí)慣，寫出來的文章無非是若干正確句型和詞語的集合。而英語諺語有云：世上最容易之事莫過于找茬。但對(duì)于英語寫作批改與講評(píng)而言，糾錯(cuò)并非易事。能發(fā)現(xiàn)并糾正他人的錯(cuò)誤，便可以使自己避免犯同類錯(cuò)誤。糾錯(cuò)的功能則完全突破了世俗的條框，成為通過從錯(cuò)誤中學(xué)習(xí)、促

31、進(jìn)寫作能力的最有力的批判性和改良性工具。3）例析：v只要我方客戶對(duì)貨物質(zhì)量滿意，而且貴方能夠保證及時(shí)發(fā)貨并于10月底之前安排裝運(yùn)，我方就一定大量訂購。 v中間商或分銷商（clients/distributor）通常以這種表達(dá)方式對(duì)供應(yīng)商或制造商（supplier/manufacturer）提出自己的條件，合則成，不合則罷。寫作實(shí)踐中可見大量的錯(cuò)誤是起因于對(duì)同根義項(xiàng)的選擇錯(cuò)誤，其一是忽視了文本的語義構(gòu)成，也即沒有顧及 “嚴(yán)格檢查語境”的觀點(diǎn)(Katharina Reiss, 2004)；其二是沒有采用部件分析的方法來“研究同義詞”(Wolfram Wills, 2001)； 其三是沒有重視單詞變

32、形使用后的搭配問題，畢竟，“搭配是外語學(xué)習(xí)者最難把握和外語詞匯學(xué)習(xí)最重要的部分”(Bahns, 1993)。 v 以“滿意”為詞根來分析其相應(yīng)變形的搭配，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)satisfy, satisfying, satisfied, satisfaction, satisfactory, satisfactorily都應(yīng)當(dāng)根據(jù)不同的主語以及其它的成分關(guān)系進(jìn)行調(diào)整，如if your products can satisfy the needs of our customers; if the quality of your products is satisfying/ satisfactory; if

33、 our customers are satisfied with the quality of your products; if your products are to our customers full satisfaction; if your products can satisfactorily meet the requirements of our customers等，任何不協(xié)調(diào)都將導(dǎo)致語用的失誤。v 此外，同義詞的選擇不但要考慮整個(gè)句子的連貫和一致，還要考慮原文作者的本意。本例中這樣的詞匯很多，比如，“只要”可以考慮選用if; only if; only when; p

34、rovided that; on condition that; so long as等；“保證”可以考慮選用make sure; ensure; assure以及guarantee等；“發(fā)貨” 可以考慮選用deliver/delivery; dispatch; send out以及shipment等，并靈活選擇不同的詞性；“大量訂購”則可由動(dòng)詞詞組轉(zhuǎn)譯為側(cè)重名詞的詞組，“下一個(gè)大的訂單” 即place a large/heavy/substantial order等，所有這些可供選擇的表達(dá)都要求相應(yīng)地變換其它句子成分，目的都在于追求表達(dá)的精煉和嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)。 筆者試譯：v Only when our

35、 customers are satisfied with the quality of your products, and you can ensure prompt delivery and arrange shipment before the end of October shall we place large orders with you. VII. 應(yīng)用寫作 Applied WritingvA. Write a sales memorandumva) topic;vb) from;vc) to;vd) body;ve) conclusion.B. Sample writing

36、vMemorandum on Sales SeminarMemorandum on Sales Seminarv TO: Bill Meredithv FROM: Mr. Chambersv SUBJECT: Seminarv Dear Bill:v A seminar is being held at the Emperor Hotel on June 15, 2010 at 1:00 P.M. on Selling Computerized High Technology. It is being conducted by ABC Corporation and should be ext

37、remely informative.v We are strongly recommending that every member of the sales force attend this seminar and we will, of course, pay the entrance fees for all those attending.v I would appreciate it if you would encourage everyone to go, and provide me with the names of those who will be attending

38、 no later than June 1st.v Louisev Human Resource Deptv A memorandum or memo is a written form of communication most often employed in business environments. It is an informal record, in the form of a brief written note or outline, of a particular legal transaction or document for the purpose of aidi

39、ng the parties in remembering particular points or for future reference. A memorandum is typically written using the following structure: v TO: The person receiving the memorandumFROM: The Person writing the memorandumDATE: Usually a formal manner of writing the date, for example 20 April 2004SUBJEC

40、T: A short title descriptive of the topic in discussion in the memorandum Introduction: explaining why the memorandum has been written and what topic the memorandum will discuss.Body: discussing the topic in detail-explaining what exactly and itemizing when possible.Conclusion: explaining what will or should happen next, when the