高中英語情態(tài)動詞講解與練習(含答案)

1、高中英語語法之情態(tài)動詞（一）情態(tài)動詞的定義： 情態(tài)動詞表示說話人對某一動作或狀態(tài)的態(tài)度。（二）情態(tài)動詞的特點： 1）有一定詞義；2）不受主語人稱和數(shù)的變化影響；3）與主要動詞的原形（或稱不帶to 的不定式）一起構(gòu)成謂語（除ought to 作固定詞組看待）。情態(tài)動詞無人稱和數(shù)的變化, 情態(tài)動詞后面跟的動詞需用原形,否定式構(gòu)成是在情態(tài)動詞后面加"not"。 個別情態(tài)動詞有現(xiàn)在式和過去式兩種形式, 過去式用來表達更加客氣, 委婉的語氣,時態(tài)性不強, 可用于過去，現(xiàn)在或?qū)?。情態(tài)動詞屬非及物動詞，故沒有被動語態(tài)。He could be here soon. 他很快就來。We ca

2、n't carry the heavy box. 我們搬不動那箱子。I'm sorry I can't help you. 對不起，我?guī)筒簧夏??；局鷦釉~與情態(tài)助動詞最主要的區(qū)別之一是，基本助動詞本身沒有詞義，而情態(tài)助動詞則有自己的詞義，能表示說話人對有關(guān)動作或狀態(tài)的看法，或表示主觀設(shè)想：What have you been doing since? （構(gòu)成完成進行體，本身無詞義）I am afraid I must be going. （一定要）You may have read some account of the matter. （或許已經(jīng)）除此之外，情態(tài)助動詞

3、還有如下詞法和句法特征：1）除ought和used以外，其他情態(tài)動詞后面只能接不帶to的不定式。如果我們把ought to和used to看做是固定詞組的話，那么，所有情態(tài)動詞無一例外地只能接不帶to的不定式：We used to grow beautiful roses.I asked if he would come and repair my television set.2）情態(tài)助動詞在限定動詞詞組總是位居第一：They need not have been punished so severely.3）情態(tài)助動詞用于第三人稱單數(shù)現(xiàn)在時的時候，沒有詞形變化，即其詞尾無 -s形式：She

4、 dare not say what she thinks.4） 情態(tài)動詞沒有非限定形式，即沒有不定式和分詞形式，也沒有相應的動名詞：Still, she needn't have run away.5） 情態(tài)助動詞的“時 ”的形式并不是時間區(qū)別的主要標志。在不少場合，情態(tài)助動詞的現(xiàn)在時和過去時形式都可以表示現(xiàn)在、過去或?qū)頃r間：Would you mind very much if I ask you todo something? She told him he ought not to have done it.6） 情態(tài)助動詞之間是相互排斥的，即在一個限定動詞詞組中只能出現(xiàn)一個

5、情態(tài)助動詞，但有時卻可以與have 和 be 基本助動詞連用：You should have washed the wound.Well, you shouldn't be reading a novel.（三）情態(tài)動詞有四類：只做情態(tài)動詞：must,can（could）,may（might）,ought to可做情態(tài)動詞又可做實義動詞：need,dare可做情態(tài)動詞又可做助動詞：shall（should）,will（would）具有情態(tài)動詞特征：have（had,has） to,used to情態(tài)動詞表猜測（四）情態(tài)動詞的基本用法1. can （could）1）表示能力，could主

6、要指過去時間。Two eyes can see more than one. 兩只眼比一只眼看得清。Could the girl read before she went to school? 這女孩上學前能識字嗎？2）表示可能（理論上或是邏輯判斷上）。The temperature can fall to -60 C , that is 60 C below freezing.氣溫可降至 60，也就是零下60。He can t'（couldn t） have enough money for a new car.他不可能有足夠的錢買新車。You mustn t smoke while

7、 you re walking around in the wood. You could start a fire.在林子里走時勿吸煙，那樣可能會引起火災。3）表示允許。Can I have a look at your new pen? 我可以看一看你的新鋼筆嗎？He asked whether he could take the book out of the reading room.他問他可不可以把書帶出閱覽室。4）表驚異、懷疑、不相信等態(tài)度。主要用于否定句、疑問句或感嘆句中。Where can （could） they have gone to? 他們會去哪兒了呢？He can t

8、'（couldn t） be over sixty.他不可能超過六十歲。How can you be so careless?你怎么這么粗心？5）比較委婉客氣地提出問題或陳述看法。Can （Could） you lend me a hand? 幫我一把好嗎？I m afraid we couldn t give you an answer today.恐怕我們今天不能給你答復。2. may （might）1）表允許，might可以指過去時間，也可指現(xiàn)在時間，語氣更委婉。You may take whatever you like. 你喜歡什么就拿什么。He told me that I

9、 might smoke in the room. 他告訴我可以在房間里抽煙。May （Might） I ask for a photo of your baby? 我可以要一張你寶寶的照片嗎？在回答以 may引起的問句時，多避免用這個詞，而用其它方式，如 Yes, please. / Certainly./ Please don t ./ You d better not. / No, you mustn t.等，以免顯得太嚴峻或不客氣。2）表可能（事實上）。可以指過去時間，也可以指現(xiàn)在時間，但語氣更加不肯定。He may be at home. 他可能在家。She may not know

10、 about it. 她可能不知道這件事。He was afraid they might not agree with him. 他擔心他們可能不同意他的意見。They might be having a meeting, but I m not sure.'他們有可能在開會， 不過我不肯定。3. must1）表示義務。意為“必須 ”（主觀意志）。We must do everything step by step. 我們一切都必須循序漸進地做。You mustn t talk to her like that.你不可能那樣對她說話。-Must we hand in our exer

11、cise books now? 我們現(xiàn)在就要交練習本嗎？-No, you needn t. / No, you don t have to.不必。（這種情況下，一般不用mustn t）2）表示揣測。意為“想必、準是、一定”等，只用于肯定句。He must be ill. He looks so pale. 他準是病了。他的臉色蒼白。She s wearing a diamond necklace. She must have a lot of money.她戴著鉆石項鏈，一定很有錢。4. shall1）表征詢意見，用于第一、第三人稱疑問句。Shall I get you some tea? 我

12、給你點茶好嗎？Shall the boy wait outside? 讓那男孩在外面等嗎？What shall we do this evening? 我們今晚做什么？2）表說話人的意愿，有“命令、允諾、警告、決心”等意思，用于第二、第三人稱陳述句。You shall do as I say按我說的做。（命令）You shall have my answer tomorrow. 你明天可以得到我的答復。（允諾）He shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you. 有一天他會后悔的，我告訴你。（警告）Nothing shall stop us from ca

13、rrying out the plan. 什么也不能阻止我們執(zhí)行這項計劃（決心）5. will1）表意愿，用于各種人稱陳述句。I will do anything for you. 我愿為你做任何事。None is so blind as those who won t see.不愿看的人眼最瞎。If you will read the book, I ll lend it to you.如果你愿意讀這本書，我會把它借給你。2）表請求，用于疑問句。Will you close the window? It s a bit cold.請你把窗戶關(guān)上好嗎？有點冷。Won t you drink s

14、ome more coffee?再來一點咖啡好嗎？3）表示某種傾向或習慣性動作。Fish will die out of water.魚離開水就不能活。 The door won t open.這門打不開。The boy will sit there hour after hour looking at the traffic go by.那男孩常常坐在那里好幾個鐘點，看著車輛行人通過。6. should1）表義務。意為“應該 ”（某件事宜于做），用于各種人稱。You should be polite to your teachers. 你對老師應該有禮貌。You shouldn t wast

15、e any time.你不應該浪費時間。2）表推測，意為“想必一定、照說應該、估計”等。The film should be very good as it is starring first class actors.這部新電影是一流演員主演的，估計拍得很好。They should be home by now. 照說他們現(xiàn)在應當已經(jīng)到家了。7. would1）表意愿。They would not let him in because he was poorly dressed. 他們不讓他進去因為他衣著舊。I said I would do anything for you. 我說過我愿意

16、為你做任何事。2）表委婉地提出請求、建議或看法。Would you like another glass of beer? 再來杯啤酒好嗎？Would you mind cleaning the window? 請把窗戶擦一下好嗎？They wouldn t have anything against it.他們不會有什么反對意見。3）表過去反復發(fā)生的動作或過去的一種傾向。Every time she was in trouble, she would go to him for help.她每遇到麻煩都會向她求助。他告訴我盒子打不開了。8. ought to1）表義務，意為 應該”（因責任、

17、義務等該做），口氣比should稍重。You are his father. You ought to take care of him. 你是他父親，應當管他。You oughtn t to smoke so much.你不應該抽這么多煙。2）表推測，暗含很大的可能，語氣較弱。Han Mei ought to know his telephone number. 韓梅該知道他的電話號碼。There s a fine sunset; it ought to be a fine day tomorrow. 今天有晚霞，明天應該是個好天。9. used to表示過去的習慣動作或狀態(tài)，現(xiàn)在不復發(fā)生或

18、存在。疑問式和否定式有兩種。He used to live in the countryside, but now he lives in the city. 他過去住在鄉(xiāng)下，現(xiàn)在住在城里。There used to be a building at the street corner, but it has been pulled down.街道拐角處過去有座樓房，現(xiàn)在拆了。I usedn t （didn t use） to smoke.我過去不抽煙。Used you （Did you use） to go to school on foot? 你過去常步行去學校嗎？（五）其他用法首先它是動

19、詞，而且不同于行為動詞，行為動詞表示的是可以通過行為來表達的動作（如寫，讀，跑） ，而情態(tài)動詞只是表達的一種想法（如能，也許，敢）。用法是：情態(tài)動詞+行為動詞原形例句： I can read this sentence in English. 我能用英語讀這句話。情態(tài)動詞是一種本身有一定的詞義,表示說話人的情緒,態(tài)度或語氣的動詞,但不能單獨作謂語,只能和其他動詞原形構(gòu)成謂語。We can be there on time tomorrow. 我們明天能按時去那兒。May I have your name? 我能知道你的名字嗎？Shall we begin now?我們現(xiàn)在就開始嗎？You mu

20、st obey the school rules. 你必須遵守校規(guī)。情態(tài)動詞數(shù)量不多,但用途廣泛,主要有下列: can （could）, may （might）, must, need, ought to, dare（dared）, shall （should）, will （would）,have （to） ,had better.情態(tài)動詞還有一個很重要的用法，即情態(tài)動詞表推測情態(tài)動詞表推測的用法小結(jié)（一）情態(tài)動詞表推測的三種句式1.在肯定句中一般用must （一定），may （可能），might / could （也許，或許）。（ 1） He must/may/might know the

21、 answer to this question?他一定 / 可能/也許知道這個問題的答案。（ 2） It is cold in the room. They must have turned off the heating.屋里很冷，他們肯定把暖氣關(guān)了。（ 3） 中用 can' t / couldn不可育段（），may not/might not（可能不）。（ 1） It can t/couldn t be the headmaster. He has gone to America.這不可能是校長，他去美國了。（ 2） He may not/might not know the s

22、cientist. 他也許不認識那位科學家。（ 3） 中用 can/could （能？）（ 1） Could he have finished the task? 他可能把任務完成了嗎？（ 2） Can he be at home now? 他現(xiàn)在能在家嗎？注：以上三種句式中情態(tài)動詞的語氣按程度都是依次遞減的。Might, could并非may, can的過去式，而表示語氣較為委婉或可能性較小。（二）情態(tài)動詞表推測的三種時態(tài)1. 對將來情況的推測，用“情態(tài)動詞+ 動詞原形”。（ 1） She must / may / might / could arrive before 5. 5:00 前她

23、一定/可能/也許到。（ 2） She must/may/might/could walk miles and miles among the hills without meeting anyone.她一定 / 可能/也許會在山里一連走好幾英里而遇不到一個人。2.對現(xiàn)在或一般情況的推測，用“情態(tài)動詞+ be ”， “情態(tài)動詞+be doing 或” “情態(tài)動詞+ 動詞原形 ”。（ 1） He must / may / might / could be listening to the radio now.他一定 / 可能/也許正在聽收音機。（ 2） He can t （ couldn t ）

24、/ may （ might ） not be at home at tihmise.這個時候他不可能/可能不在家。（ 3） Mr. Bush is on time for everything .How can （ could ） he be late for the opening ceremony ?布什先生一向準時，這次開幕式他怎么可能遲到呢？3.對過去情況的推測，用“ 情態(tài)動詞+ have +過去分詞 ”。（ 1） It must / may / might / could have rained last night .The ground is wet.地濕了，昨晚肯定/可能/也許

25、下雨了。（ 2） The door was locked. He can （ could ） not / may （ might ） not have been at home .門鎖著，他不可能/可能不在家。（ 3） Can / Could he have gotten the book ？難道他找到書了嗎？注：情態(tài)動詞should /ought to表推測時，意為 想必會，理應 但與"have+：去分詞”連用時，則又可構(gòu)成虛擬語氣意為“本應該做某事卻沒做”。例如：（ 4） It s seven o clock. Jack should/ought to be here at an

26、y moment.現(xiàn)在七點鐘了，杰克理應隨時到達。（推測）（ 5） She should / ought to have attended your birthday party, but she had to look after her mother in hospital. （虛擬） 她本該出席你的生日晚會的，可是她得在醫(yī)院照顧她媽媽。（ 6） Tom should not /ought not to have told me your secret, but he meant no harm. （虛擬）湯姆本不該告訴我你的秘密，可是他并無惡意。（六）功能助動詞（auxiliary）主要

27、有兩類：基本助動詞（primary auxiliary）和情態(tài)助動詞（modal auxiliary）?；局鷦釉~有三個：do, have和be;情態(tài)助動詞基本的有十四個：may, might; can, could; will,would; shall, should; must, need, dare, used to, ought to.had better 上述兩類助動詞的共同特征 是，在協(xié)助主動詞構(gòu)成限定動詞詞組時，具有作用詞的功能：1） 構(gòu)成否定式：He didn't go and neither did she. The meeting might not start u

28、ntil 5 o'clock.2） 構(gòu)成疑問式或附加疑問式：Must you leave right now? You have been learning French for 5 years, haven't you?3） 構(gòu)成修辭倒裝：Nowhere can he obtain any information about his sister.Hardly had he arrived when she started complaining.4） 代替限定動詞詞組：A: Who can solve this crossword puzzle? B: Tom can.A:

29、 Shall I write to him? B: Yes, do.重點疑難（一）need 和dare 的用法need 和 dare 既可用作情態(tài)動詞，也可用作實義動詞。用作情態(tài)動詞時，主要用于否定句和疑問句。用作實義動詞時，可用于各種句式。1 . 用作情態(tài)動詞-Need I come? -Yes, you must. -我需要來嗎？-需要。You neednt' telephone him now.你現(xiàn)在不必打電話給他。I don t'think you need worry.我想你不必發(fā)愁。She dare not go out alone at night. 她晚上不敢一

30、個人出去。How dare you say I m unfair?你竟敢說我不公平？Not one of them dared mention this. 他們誰也不敢提這件事。2 .用作實義動詞You don t'need to do it yourself.你不必親自做這件事。We need to tell them the news. 我們需要把這消息告訴他們。The table needs painting (to be painted.). 桌子需要油漆一下。We should dare to give our own opinion. 我們要敢于提出自己的觀點。He did

31、 not dare (to) look up. 他不敢抬頭看。I dare day he ll co me again.我想他會再來的。(cI dare say 為固定習語)(二)情態(tài)動詞后跟完成式和進行式的用法1 .情態(tài)動詞后跟完成式，表 應當已經(jīng)'；想必已經(jīng)'；茶來可以等意。I should have finished the work earlier. 我應當早一點完成這項工作的。He isn t here. He must have missed the train. 他還未至U, 一定是沒趕上火車。Where can (could) he have gone? 他能到

32、那里去了呢？You may (might) have read about it. 你可能在報上已經(jīng)讀到這件事了。You could (might) have been more careful. 你本來可以更細心的。He needn t'have worried about it.他本不必為此事?lián)?。There was a lot of fun at yesterday s party. You 'ought to have come, but why didn t you '昨天的聚會非常有意思。你本應該來，為何不來呢？2 .情態(tài)動詞后跟進行式，表示想必正在'

33、;；何能正在'；應當正在”等意。It s twelve o clock. They must be having lunch.現(xiàn)在是十二點。他們定正在吃飯。They may be discussing this problem. 他們可能正在論討這個問題。He can t' be telling the truth.他說的不可能是真話。She shouldn t be working like that. She s still so weak.她不應當那樣干，她身體仍那么虛。(三)幾組詞的辨異1. can 和 be able to1)情態(tài)動詞can只有兩種時態(tài)形式，現(xiàn)在式 c

34、an和過去式could,而be able to有多種時態(tài)形式。Mary can play the piano. She has been able to play it since she was 5.瑪麗會彈鋼琴。她五歲起就會彈了。2)用在過去時中，could經(jīng)常表示能夠做某事，事實上不一定去做，而 was/were able to則表示 “過去做成了某事”。在否定句中兩者可通用。He could swim across the English Channel. But he didn t feel like it that day.他能游過英吉利海峽，但那天他不想游。Yesterday I

35、 was able to get home before the heavy rain. 昨天我在下大雨前趕到了家里。2. must 和 have tomust表示主觀意志，而have to表示由于客觀因素不得不做某事。must沒有過去式，除在間接引語中可用于表示過去時間，在直接引語中表示過去時間應該用had to 代替。I told her that she must give up smoking. 我叫她必須戒煙。We had to get everything ready that night. 我們那晚得把一切準備就緒。3. would 和 used to1) used to 表示過

36、去與現(xiàn)在或過去某時與后來的情況有不同，而would 只表過去的情況。People used to think that the earth was flat.過去人們認為地球是平的。(現(xiàn)在人們不這么認為。)She would go out for a walk in the morning when she was in the country.在鄉(xiāng)下時，她總是在早晨去散會兒步。(可能現(xiàn)在仍有散步的習慣。)2) used to可表示過去的習慣動作和經(jīng)常的情況，而 would只表示過去的習慣動作。He used to / would smoke while writing.過去他寫東西時常抽煙。

37、She used to be fat. 她過去很胖專項練習（一）1. I you, because I thought I must be wrong.A. dare not ask B. dare not to ask C. dare not asking D. dare to not ask2. There some flowers in the garden.A. were used to be B. used to be C. uses to be D. used to be having3. " take it out? " "I ' sorry

38、, you.”A. Could couldn B. Might mightnot C. Could caD. Maycan ' t4. You were stupid to climb the tree. You hurt yourself.A. may B. might C. will D. might have5. You those letters. Why didn t you ?'A. should post B. should have posted C. must have posted D. ought to post.6. All the lights are

39、 on, the Smiths up.A. must get B. is getting C. must be getting D. would get7. He lead a horse to the water but he not make it drink.A. will can maycanC. maydaresD. dare can8. “ Needwe do this job now?” “ Yes_,. ”A. you need B. you should C. you must D. you can9. to have lunch with us today?A. Do yo

40、u likes B. Would you like C. Will you liked D. Have you liked10. He said that you watch TV all the evening if you wished.A. may B. must C. can D. might11. Ts John coming by train? -He should, but he not. He likes driving his car.A. must B. can C. need D. may12. Peter come with us tonight, but he isn

41、 t very sure yet.'A. must B. can C. may D. will13. Michael be a policeman, for he s much too short.A. needn t B. can t C. shouldn t D. won t '14. I thought you be hungry, so I have brought you some cakes.A. may B. might C. can D. could15. I wonder how he that to the teacher.A. dare to say B.

42、 dare saying C. not dare say D. dared say16. Come on! We hurry because there isn t much time left.A. mayB. must C. can D. need17. Amy did best in the English test. She hard last week.A. must have working B. should have worked C. should work D. must work18. The fire spread through the hotel very quic

43、kly but everyone get out.A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to19. I stayed at a hotel while in New York. -Oh, did you? You with Barbara.A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stayed20. It s nearly seven o clock. Jack be here at any moment.A. must B. need C. should D. can答

44、案： 1.A2.B3.D4.D5.B6.C7.B8.C9.B10.D11.D12.C13.B14.B15.D16.B17.A18.D19.A20.專項練習（二）1. Jeanhave kept his promise. I wonder why he changed his idea.A. must B. should C. needD. would2. Jane have come to the party, but she not find the exact time.A. could; couldB. might; couldC. should; could D. should; wo

45、uld3. So many mistakes in your homework! You more careful.A. may beB. had to C. would be D. should have been4. Her brother be at home now, because he was seen playing basketball in the stadium just now.A. mustn t B. needn t C. can t D. shouldn't5. -I can t understand why our boss is lat-e-.He th

46、e early bus.A. could miss B. may have missedC. can have missed D. might miss6. She didn't answer the phone, she asleep.A. may beB. must beC. should have beenD. must have been7. The little girl s eyes were red. She .A. may cryB. must cry C. must be cried D. must have been crying8. Hehis supper no

47、w, for the dining hall is still closed.A. can t bevihnag B. needn t be havingC. mustn t be havingD. shouldn't be having9. I parked my bike behind the building, but now it is gone. It .A. may be stolenB. must be stolenC. must have been stolenD. must have stolen10. Mr. Blackgo to work by ferry bef

48、ore the bridge was built?A. Did; used toB. Use; to C. Did; use to D. Does; use to11. The hotel is only a stone s throw away, you take a bus.A. need not toB. not need toC. don't need D. need not12. I am busy now, my brother do it for you ?A. WillB. ShallC. MustD. May13. -You needn t do it right n

49、ow, need yo-u-?-Yes I am afraid I .A. needB. needn t C. mustD. mustn t14. My English-Chinese dictionary has disappeared . Who have taken it? （20XX 年上海春季高考 ）A. shouldB. mustC. couldD. would15. -The room is so dirty.we clean it?-Of course.（20XX 年北京春季高考）AWillB. ShallC. Would D. Do16. If you have someth

50、ing important to do, you waste any time.A. needn t B. mustn t C. may not D. won t17. If you want to borrow a football after school, your student cardhere.A. has to leave B. must leave C. has to be leftD. must be left18. “ Did you scold him for his carelessness?” “ Yes, but it ”A. I d rather not do B

51、. I d rather not have doneC. I shouldn D. I d bet tdteor not do19. “ Don t get near to it . It is too dangerous!” “ ” .A. Yes, I won t B. No, I don t C. No, I can t D. No, I won t20. He must be in the classroom, he?A. mustn t B. can t C. isn t D.can21. Hebe in the garden. He must be in the room.A. c

52、an t B. mustn t C. will notD. may not22. “ Do you have to leave now? ” “ I am very sorry, but I really.”A. can t B. haveC. should D. must23. “ Let s go to the library, shall we?” “ ? ”A. No, I can t B. Yes, I will C. Yes , thank you D. No, we d better not24. “ Can I take it away“? You _” better not.

53、 ”A. should B. couldC. would D. had25. You have brought your camera. They all had theirs with them.A. couldn t B. needn t C. wouldn t D. mustn t26. See who is there!it be May?A. MayB. MustC. CanD. Will27. Johnbe a basketball player. He is much too short.A. mayB. mustn t C. can t D. should28. The Chi

54、nese teacher looks so pale. She be ill.A. mustB. mustn t C. canD. need29. Somethingto save our earth. Do you think so?A. can doB. must doC. has to doD. must be done30. Look at what you have done! You be more careful.A. ought B. canC. wouldD. should專項練習（三）1. Has Li Lin started? He said he would join

55、in the party. He . He is a man of keeping his word.A. could have left B. must have left C. can t comDe. won t be conmgi2. May I park my car here? No, you . No car is allowed to park here.A. may not B. needn t C. mustn t D. daren t3. Excuse me, could you tell me where the Yajia Supermarket is? It s t

56、wo blocks straight ahead. You miss it.A. mustn t B. can t C. needn t D. shouldn t4. I saw Mr. Sun at Tongyu Station this morning. You . He s still on holiday in Hawaii.A. couldn t havBe. mustn t haveC. shouldn Dt . needn t5. How about paying a visit to Dr. Wang, our former Chinese teacher? Good idea. I will e-mail him today so that he know to expect us.A. shall; why B. could; whenC. would; what D. will; how6. Everything has two sides. Beautiful songs, sometimes, be just noise to others.A. must