初中英語語法-虛擬語氣

1、1.英語動(dòng)詞有三種語氣， 陳述語氣，祈使語氣和虛擬語氣。（見課本P 170頁）。2. 定義：用來表示說的話不是事實(shí)，或者是不可能發(fā)生的情況，而是一種愿望，建議，假設(shè)的語氣叫虛擬語氣。一、虛擬語氣在條件狀語從句中的用法條件從句 If 從句的謂語形式主句的謂語形式現(xiàn)在過去未來did / werehad donewould/could/should/might +V.(原)would/could/should/might+have+p.p.1. did / were2. should do3. were to dowould/could/should/might + V.(原)1. If I had

2、 HIV, I would know because I would feel sick.2. If I were you, I would give AIDS patient a hug.3. If I had taken your advice, I wouldnt have made a mistake.4. If he had been there, it wouldnt have happened.與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反與過去事實(shí)相反5. If it should rain tomorrow, they wouldnt go for an outing.6. I think we could

3、 do it, if we planed it properly and could borrow the tools.7. If we were to have three days off , we would enjoy a very happy life.與未來事實(shí)相反二、虛擬語氣特殊句型： wish + 賓語從句現(xiàn)在：過去：未來：過去時(shí) (did/were)過去完成時(shí) (had done)would/could/might+V. should I wish I were a bird. (現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在) I wish I hadnt made such a mistake. (過去過去)

4、 We wish our parents wouldnt punish us. (未來未來)2. would rather that -現(xiàn)在：過去：未來： I would rather you paid me now. (現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在) I would rather you had gone, too. (過去過去) Dont come. I would rather you came tomorrow. (未來未來)過去時(shí)過去時(shí)過去完成時(shí)3. as if /though + 從句現(xiàn)在：過去：過去時(shí)過去完成時(shí) He looks as if he were drunk. They talked as

5、 if they had been friends for years. She loves the baby as if it were her own son. It seems as if it were spring. I remember the whole thing as if it had happened yesterday.4.Its (about/high) time +that -should +V.過去時(shí)你該走了。我們?cè)撍X了。Its high time that you went.Its high time that you were going.Its high

6、time that you should go.Its time that we went to bed.Its time that we should go to bed. 5. 表示要求，命令，建議的虛擬語氣。 賓語從句。常見動(dòng)詞： 一個(gè)堅(jiān)持：insist 兩個(gè)命令命令：order, command 三個(gè)建議建議：advise, suggest, propose 四個(gè)要求要求：demand , require, request, desire 這些動(dòng)詞后面的賓語從句要使用虛擬語氣用法。即從句中的動(dòng)詞 使用should + 動(dòng)詞原形，或者將should省略。 我們建議我們建議Tom去休息一下

7、。去休息一下。 他堅(jiān)決要求我到場(chǎng)。他堅(jiān)決要求我到場(chǎng)。 國(guó)王命令囚犯明天要實(shí)施死刑。國(guó)王命令囚犯明天要實(shí)施死刑。 他們要求我們派他們?nèi)ツ莾汗ぷ?。他們要求我們派他們?nèi)ツ莾汗ぷ鳌e suggested that Tom (should) have a rest.He insisted that I (should) be present.The king ordered that the prisoners (should) be killed the next day.They requested that we (should) send them to work there. 以上動(dòng)詞相應(yīng)的

8、名詞構(gòu)成的名詞性從句（包括主語從句，表語從句和同位語）也要使用虛擬語氣。從句中的動(dòng)詞形式一樣。 order, advice, suggestion, order, advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, request, proposal, demand, request, desiredesire Its suggested that the plan be carried out. My demand is that she should come to see me once a week. All of us are for the advice t

9、hat the chemical factory should be closed down.6.without和和but for 構(gòu)成虛擬。構(gòu)成虛擬。(but for要不是要不是) Without sunlight, peoples life would be different from today. But for your help, I wouldnt have finished the work. Without your help, I would have failed. But for water, it would be impossible to live in the

10、desert.7. If only (要是要是就好了就好了) If only I knew his name!If only we had followed your advice!If only I could see him again! 要是我們的父母能和我們住在一起就好了。要是我們的父母能和我們住在一起就好了。 要是我沒錯(cuò)過火車就好了！要是我沒錯(cuò)過火車就好了！If only our parents could live with us!If only I hadnt missed the train!8. Its necessary /strange/ natural/ importa

11、nt + that - 從句中的動(dòng)詞要用虛擬，即從句中的動(dòng)詞要用虛擬，即(should)+動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形 It is important that we ( should ) master a foreign language. It is strange that she refuse to come to the party. Its necessary that we should study hard.9. Its +high time+ that - 從句中的動(dòng)詞要用從句中的動(dòng)詞要用虛擬，即虛擬，即 should+動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形. 也可用動(dòng)詞過也可用動(dòng)詞過去時(shí)態(tài)。去時(shí)態(tài)。It i

12、s high time that we should pay more attention to our environment.It is high time that we payed more attention to our environment.10. 某些簡(jiǎn)單句的固定句型：某些簡(jiǎn)單句的固定句型： Heaven help him! God bless you! May you succeed! Long live the Peoples Republic of China!三：三： 虛擬語氣假設(shè)條件句型注意點(diǎn)：虛擬語氣假設(shè)條件句型注意點(diǎn)：1.假設(shè)條件從句謂語動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的時(shí)間與主句假設(shè)

13、條件從句謂語動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的時(shí)間與主句所假設(shè)的謂語動(dòng)詞不一致，叫做錯(cuò)綜條件所假設(shè)的謂語動(dòng)詞不一致，叫做錯(cuò)綜條件虛擬語氣。主句和從句的謂語動(dòng)詞要依照虛擬語氣。主句和從句的謂語動(dòng)詞要依照假設(shè)的時(shí)間而頂。假設(shè)的時(shí)間而頂。If the weather had been finer, the crops would be growing still better.If you had followed the teachers advice, you wouldnt be in the hospital.2.假設(shè)條件虛擬倒裝。假設(shè)條件虛擬倒裝。 條件從句中有條件從句中有should， were， had三個(gè)助動(dòng)詞可以把三個(gè)助動(dòng)詞可以把if省略，并將省略，并將這三個(gè)詞提至句首。這三個(gè)詞提至句首。If I were you, I would give it up.Were I you, I would give it up.If it were not for your advice, we couldnt have got over the difficulties.Were it not for your advice, we couldnt have got over th