新概念三第17課

1、 1998年年4月月5日，世界上目前最長(zhǎng)的吊橋日，世界上目前最長(zhǎng)的吊橋日本明石海峽大橋正式通車。日本明石海峽大橋正式通車。大橋坐落在日本神戶市與淡路島之間大橋坐落在日本神戶市與淡路島之間(東經(jīng)東經(jīng)134度度59分，北緯分，北緯34度度36分），全長(zhǎng)分），全長(zhǎng)3911米，主橋墩跨度米，主橋墩跨度1991米。兩座主橋墩海拔米。兩座主橋墩海拔297米，基礎(chǔ)直徑米，基礎(chǔ)直徑80米，水中部分米，水中部分高高60米。米。NO.1明石海峽大橋明石海峽大橋NO.2西堠門大橋西堠門大橋 西堠門大橋是連接舟山本島與寧波的舟山連島工程五座跨海大橋中技術(shù)要西堠門大橋是連接舟山本島與寧波的舟山連島工程五座跨海大橋中技術(shù)

2、要求最高的特大型跨海橋梁，主橋?yàn)閮煽邕B續(xù)鋼箱梁懸索橋，主跨求最高的特大型跨海橋梁，主橋?yàn)閮煽邕B續(xù)鋼箱梁懸索橋，主跨1650米，是目米，是目前世界上最大跨度的鋼箱梁懸索橋，全長(zhǎng)在懸索橋中居世界第二、國(guó)內(nèi)第一，前世界上最大跨度的鋼箱梁懸索橋，全長(zhǎng)在懸索橋中居世界第二、國(guó)內(nèi)第一，但鋼箱梁懸索長(zhǎng)度為世界第一。設(shè)計(jì)通航等級(jí)但鋼箱梁懸索長(zhǎng)度為世界第一。設(shè)計(jì)通航等級(jí)3萬(wàn)噸、使用年限萬(wàn)噸、使用年限100年。年。2007年年12月月16日上午日上午11時(shí)時(shí)18分，舟山連島工程西堠門大橋第分，舟山連島工程西堠門大橋第126段鋼箱梁完成吊裝、段鋼箱梁完成吊裝、連接，至此，世界最長(zhǎng)的鋼箱梁懸索橋連接，至此，世界最長(zhǎng)的

3、鋼箱梁懸索橋西堠門大橋主橋宣告全線貫通。西堠門大橋主橋宣告全線貫通。 NO.3大貝爾特海峽大橋大貝爾特海峽大橋 1998年年6月月14日竣工通車。大貝爾特海峽大橋位于丹麥的日竣工通車。大貝爾特海峽大橋位于丹麥的菲英島菲英島 Funen島和丹麥西蘭島島和丹麥西蘭島 Zealand島（哥本哈根所在處）之間，全長(zhǎng)島（哥本哈根所在處）之間，全長(zhǎng)17.5km。大橋工。大橋工程由程由3個(gè)部分組成：跨越東航道的一條鐵路隧道，一座高速公路高架橋和一座個(gè)部分組成：跨越東航道的一條鐵路隧道，一座高速公路高架橋和一座公鐵兩用橋。公鐵兩用橋。 NO.4潤(rùn)揚(yáng)長(zhǎng)江大橋潤(rùn)揚(yáng)長(zhǎng)江大橋 潤(rùn)揚(yáng)長(zhǎng)江大橋即鎮(zhèn)江潤(rùn)揚(yáng)長(zhǎng)江大橋即鎮(zhèn)江-揚(yáng)

4、州長(zhǎng)江公路大橋。潤(rùn)揚(yáng)長(zhǎng)江大橋于揚(yáng)州長(zhǎng)江公路大橋。潤(rùn)揚(yáng)長(zhǎng)江大橋于2000年年10月月20日日開工建設(shè)，她跨江連島，北起揚(yáng)州，南接鎮(zhèn)江，全長(zhǎng)開工建設(shè)，她跨江連島，北起揚(yáng)州，南接鎮(zhèn)江，全長(zhǎng)35.66公里，主線采用雙向公里，主線采用雙向6車道高速公路標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)速車道高速公路標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)速100公里，工程總投資約公里，工程總投資約53億元，工期億元，工期5年，年，2005年年10月月1日前建成通車。潤(rùn)揚(yáng)大橋連接京滬、寧滬、寧杭三條高速公路，日前建成通車。潤(rùn)揚(yáng)大橋連接京滬、寧滬、寧杭三條高速公路，并使這三條高速公路和并使這三條高速公路和312國(guó)道、同三國(guó)道主干線、上海至成都國(guó)道主干線互國(guó)道、同三國(guó)道主干

5、線、上海至成都國(guó)道主干線互連互通，成為長(zhǎng)三角地區(qū)又一重要的路網(wǎng)樞紐。連互通，成為長(zhǎng)三角地區(qū)又一重要的路網(wǎng)樞紐。 NO.5亨伯爾橋亨伯爾橋 英國(guó)亨伯爾橋（又譯恒貝爾橋），主跨英國(guó)亨伯爾橋（又譯恒貝爾橋），主跨1410米（米（280+1410+530），），正交異性板橋面，橋?qū)捳划愋园鍢蛎妫瑯驅(qū)?8.5米，混凝土橋塔高米，混凝土橋塔高155.5米，三道橫梁支撐，米，三道橫梁支撐，1981年建成。年建成。NO.6江陰長(zhǎng)江大橋江陰長(zhǎng)江大橋 江陰長(zhǎng)江大橋位于中國(guó)江蘇江陰市與靖江市之間，是規(guī)劃的沿海南江陰長(zhǎng)江大橋位于中國(guó)江蘇江陰市與靖江市之間，是規(guī)劃的沿海南北主干線跨越長(zhǎng)江的位置。橋型方案為中跨北主干線

6、跨越長(zhǎng)江的位置。橋型方案為中跨1385m的大跨徑懸索橋。它的大跨徑懸索橋。它是中國(guó)的第一座跨經(jīng)超千米的橋梁，全橋總長(zhǎng)近是中國(guó)的第一座跨經(jīng)超千米的橋梁，全橋總長(zhǎng)近3km。 1994年年11月月22日開工，日開工，1999年年9月月28日竣工通車。江澤民同志為大橋題名，并為大橋日竣工通車。江澤民同志為大橋題名，并為大橋開通剪彩。開通剪彩。NO.7青馬大橋青馬大橋 青馬大橋青馬大橋(Tsing Ma Bridge)，是配合香港國(guó)際機(jī)場(chǎng)（赤蠟角機(jī)場(chǎng)）而建的，是配合香港國(guó)際機(jī)場(chǎng)（赤蠟角機(jī)場(chǎng)）而建的十大核心工程之一。于十大核心工程之一。于1992年年5月開始興建，歷時(shí)五年竣工，造價(jià)月開始興建，歷時(shí)五年竣工

7、，造價(jià)71.44億港元。億港元。青馬大橋橫跨青衣島及馬灣，橋身總長(zhǎng)度青馬大橋橫跨青衣島及馬灣，橋身總長(zhǎng)度2,200米，主跨長(zhǎng)度米，主跨長(zhǎng)度1,377米，離海面米，離海面高高62米，青馬大橋除創(chuàng)造世界最長(zhǎng)的行車、鐵路兩用吊橋紀(jì)錄外，包括青馬大米，青馬大橋除創(chuàng)造世界最長(zhǎng)的行車、鐵路兩用吊橋紀(jì)錄外，包括青馬大橋在內(nèi)的機(jī)場(chǎng)核心計(jì)劃還于橋在內(nèi)的機(jī)場(chǎng)核心計(jì)劃還于1999年榮獲美國(guó)建筑界權(quán)威及編輯選為年榮獲美國(guó)建筑界權(quán)威及編輯選為“二十二十世紀(jì)十大建筑成就獎(jiǎng)世紀(jì)十大建筑成就獎(jiǎng) Top 10 Construction Achievements of the 20th Century”得主之一得主之一 NO.8

8、韋拉扎諾橋韋拉扎諾橋 韋拉扎諾海峽大橋韋拉扎諾海峽大橋:全長(zhǎng)全長(zhǎng)1298米，位于美國(guó)紐約，米，位于美國(guó)紐約，1964年建成。年建成。 跨越韋拉跨越韋拉扎諾海峽的雙層公路懸索橋。上下層各六車道。橋跨扎諾海峽的雙層公路懸索橋。上下層各六車道。橋跨37333m129845m370 33m。雙面懸索，每面均為雙索。鋼加勁桁架用剛構(gòu)式橫斷面以增加。雙面懸索，每面均為雙索。鋼加勁桁架用剛構(gòu)式橫斷面以增加抗扭剛度，桁距為抗扭剛度，桁距為30 632m，高，高7315m。鋼塔高。鋼塔高19196m。NO.9金門大橋金門大橋 金門金門橋（橋（Golden Gate Bridge）是世界著名的橋梁之一，也是近代）

9、是世界著名的橋梁之一，也是近代橋梁工橋梁工程程的一項(xiàng)奇跡。大橋雄峙于美國(guó)加利福尼亞州的一項(xiàng)奇跡。大橋雄峙于美國(guó)加利福尼亞州舊金山舊金山長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)1900多米的多米的金門海峽金門海峽之之上，歷時(shí)上，歷時(shí)4年，利用年，利用10萬(wàn)多噸鋼材，耗資達(dá)萬(wàn)多噸鋼材，耗資達(dá)3550萬(wàn)美元建成，由橋梁工程師萬(wàn)美元建成，由橋梁工程師約瑟約瑟夫夫施特勞斯施特勞斯（Joseph .Struss, 18701938年）設(shè)計(jì)。因其歷史價(jià)值，于年）設(shè)計(jì)。因其歷史價(jià)值，于2007年由英、美兩國(guó)合拍成同名紀(jì)錄片。寬約年由英、美兩國(guó)合拍成同名紀(jì)錄片。寬約100 NO.10陽(yáng)邏長(zhǎng)江大橋陽(yáng)邏長(zhǎng)江大橋 武漢陽(yáng)邏長(zhǎng)江大橋于武漢陽(yáng)邏長(zhǎng)江大橋于2

10、007年年12月月28日通車日通車 國(guó)道主干線的咽喉，同國(guó)道主干線的咽喉，同時(shí)還是杭州至蘭州重點(diǎn)干線公路及湖北省時(shí)還是杭州至蘭州重點(diǎn)干線公路及湖北省“四縱兩橫一環(huán)四縱兩橫一環(huán)”公路的主骨公路的主骨架。大橋北岸起于該市新洲區(qū)的施崗，南岸止于青山區(qū)的北湖，建設(shè)里架。大橋北岸起于該市新洲區(qū)的施崗，南岸止于青山區(qū)的北湖，建設(shè)里程約為十公里，其中橋梁部分長(zhǎng)二點(diǎn)七公里，橋面凈寬三十三米，總投程約為十公里，其中橋梁部分長(zhǎng)二點(diǎn)七公里，橋面凈寬三十三米，總投資近二十億元人民幣。該橋主橋采用主跨為一千二百八十米的雙塔單跨資近二十億元人民幣。該橋主橋采用主跨為一千二百八十米的雙塔單跨懸索橋，這也是武漢市的首座懸索大

11、橋，其跨度居全國(guó)第三，世界第八，懸索橋，這也是武漢市的首座懸索大橋，其跨度居全國(guó)第三，世界第八，建設(shè)工期為四年。建設(shè)工期為四年。 The Verrazano Bridge The introduction of Verrazano 維拉薩諾橋（Verrazano Suspension Bridge）是為紀(jì)念意大利探險(xiǎn)家維拉薩諾命名的。維拉薩諾大橋由奧斯馬.阿曼設(shè)計(jì)，連結(jié)著布魯克林與斯塔頓島，橋長(zhǎng)4,260英尺。 是一條位于美國(guó)紐約州紐約市的橋梁，以雙層結(jié)構(gòu)的懸索橋橫跨維拉薩諾海峽。維拉薩諾是有紀(jì)錄以來第一個(gè)進(jìn)入紐約港以及哈德遜河的歐洲探險(xiǎn)家。 建造工程于1959年8月13日動(dòng)工，并于1964年

12、11月21日完工而上層通車，總造價(jià)共花費(fèi)超過$3.2億美元，下層后來在1969年6月28日也通車。完工后的維拉薩諾海峽大橋因比金門大橋長(zhǎng)，所以成為當(dāng)時(shí)全世界最長(zhǎng)的懸索橋，直到1981年位于英格蘭赫爾的亨伯橋完工。同位語(yǔ)的使用同位語(yǔ)的使用 介詞介詞+which的定語(yǔ)從句的定語(yǔ)從句長(zhǎng)度，寬度，深度的表達(dá)法長(zhǎng)度，寬度，深度的表達(dá)法寫作模板寫作模板描述特點(diǎn)描述特點(diǎn) 4123 suspension n.懸，吊；暫停 suspension bridge 吊橋 suspension of business 停業(yè) suspend vt.吊, 懸掛 - The light is suspended from t

13、he ceiling. suspend vt.暫停, 暫緩 - The train was suspended because of the heavy rain. suspense n.擔(dān)心、掛念、懸念（in suspense） - The wonderful film gave me a good expression because of its suspense. (懸念) - He didnt tell me the truth. It kept me in suspense all day. suspender n.吊襪帶,（褲子或裙子的）背帶 agreeable adj.宜人的（

14、- Today is agreeable.） agreeable situation宜人的地方 - His house is in a agreeable situation. Place: pleasant or comfortable Person: easy-going She was a very cheerful, agreeable woman. The students were agreeable to my suggestion. 學(xué)生們欣然贊成我的提議。學(xué)生們欣然贊成我的提議。 situation n.地點(diǎn)，地方（= location = position） situate

15、 vt.使位于, 使處于 locate v.位于 - Beijing is located in the North of China. - Japan is located to the east of China. the domestic situation 國(guó)內(nèi)形勢(shì) the international situation 國(guó)際形勢(shì) the current situation 時(shí)局 the political situation 政局 the actual situation at a given time and place當(dāng)時(shí)當(dāng)?shù)氐膶?shí)際情況 a difficult situation

16、 困難處境 a thrilling situation 緊張的局面 immortal adj.永生的，流芳百世的 n. 神仙，流芳百世的人 mortal adj.致命的，終有一死的。n. 凡人，人類 Eg.Truth is immortal;error is mortal. 真理永恒，謬誤短暫。 mortality. n.必死的命運(yùn)，死亡數(shù)必死的命運(yùn)，死亡數(shù) 近義詞：近義詞：eternal，monumental Brooklyn n.布魯克林（紐約一區(qū)名） Staten n.斯塔頓（島） span n.跨度；一段時(shí)間 如：the whole span of English history 英國(guó)

17、歷史的全程英國(guó)歷史的全程 cable n.纜索 concrete n.混凝土 suspend v.懸掛hang freely These small animals can suspend from the branches by their tails length n.根，段 estimate v.估計(jì) evaluate,guess at, measure - underestimate 低估 / overestimate 高估 - At a rough estimate, the car is worth 500 thousand RMB. 粗略的估計(jì)以下 They estimated

18、the number of visitors at 10 million. estimation n.判斷（= judgement = judgment n.審判, 判決） - in my estimation = in my view = in my opinion capacity n.承受量（容量, 生產(chǎn)量, 接受力）Are you clear about the capacity of the cinema?What does change is the memory duction capacity 生產(chǎn)力environmental capacity 環(huán)境承載

19、力 capacity n.做某事的能力 have a capacity for doing something have a capacity to do we have a capacity to study English well. ability n.能力, 才干（已經(jīng)做到了） - We have ability to finish the work in two days. = we manage to finish capability n.潛在的能力 have capability to do / have capability of doing - Every child ha

20、s capability to study a foreign language. faculty n.先天的智能或能力 competence n.勝任工作的能力、資格 - I have competence for this job. immensity n.巨大 infinite,vastness For a time our team hesitated before the immensity of the task. 我們隊(duì)在面對(duì)這項(xiàng)浩大的工程面前猶豫了一個(gè)時(shí)期。我們隊(duì)在面對(duì)這項(xiàng)浩大的工程面前猶豫了一個(gè)時(shí)期。 elegant adj.優(yōu)美別致的 elegance elegant 還表

21、示人的舉止很得體、大方 - The lady is elegant. / elegant behavior The design of this fashion designer is in simple and elegant style. 崇尚簡(jiǎn)樸高雅，是這位服裝設(shè)計(jì)師的風(fēng)格。 graceful adj.優(yōu)美的（強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)人的體型優(yōu)美） delicate adj.精巧的, 精致的 faintly adv.微細(xì)地faint midst n.中間 prep.在.中間 flow vi.流動(dòng)n.流動(dòng) account n.計(jì)算, 說明, 帳目 platform n.平臺(tái), (車站)月臺(tái),講臺(tái), 講壇

22、wire n.金屬絲, 電線 pack vt.塞滿, 擠進(jìn), 擠滿 strength n.強(qiáng)度, 力量 fulfill / fufil vt.履行, 實(shí)現(xiàn), 完成(計(jì)劃等) draw vt.vi.（drew, drawn, drawing）拉, 曳, 牽, 畫, 繪制 create vt.創(chuàng)造, 創(chuàng)作, 引起, 造成 How is the bridge supported? 1.What is the name of the bridge? 2.What is its span? 3.How many towers has it got? 4.What do these towers supp

23、ort? 5.What are the towers built on? 6.How far under the sea do the platforms go? 7.How far above the surface do the towers rise? 8.What is the bridge suspended from? 9.How many lengths of wire does each of these cables contain? 10.How is the bridge? Verrazano, an Italian about whom little is known,

24、 sailed into New York Harbour in 1524 and named it Angouleme. sailed into. 是句子的主干 about whom（whom指代Italian）有一位鮮為人知的意大利人，叫有一位鮮為人知的意大利人，叫Verrazano。在。在1524, He described it as a very agreeable situation located within two small hills in the midst of which flowed a great river. describe something as 把某物

25、描述成 - I should describe the attempt as a failure. 我把這次嘗試描述成失敗。 后面可以加as的動(dòng)詞：see, view, look upon, recognize, regard, treat, accept - His mother regards him as genius. （genius n.天才, 天賦） - I accepted his words as truth. 我對(duì)他的話信以為真。 located過去分詞做定語(yǔ)修飾situationI like the village located within two small hill

26、s. = I like the village which is located within two small hills. in the midst of which. A great river flowed in the middle of the two hills. in the midst of = in the middle of in the middle of不僅可以表示方位上的中間, 還可以表示時(shí)間上的中間。 - in the middle of the river / night /winter 介詞短語(yǔ)在which前, which引導(dǎo)的從句要倒裝。 - We arr

27、ived at a farmhouse in front of which was a mountain. He described it as a very agreeable situation located within two small hills (in the midst of which flowed a great river.)-He describe that it was a very agreeable situation.-It was located within two small hills.-In the midst of the two small hi

28、lls flowed a great river. Though Verrazano is by no means considered to be a great explorer, his name will probablyremain immortal, for on November 21st, 1964, the longest suspension bridge in the world was named after him. though / although / even though 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句 用了though, although 不能使用but 但可以用yet來

29、強(qiáng)調(diào)轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系 - Though they managed to take photographs, yet they got into trouble soon. by no means（= not by any means = not at all） It is by no means pleasant to take a crowded bus. 乘坐一輛擁擠的公共汽車絕對(duì)不是一件讓人高興的事。 - He isnt satisfied with a job at all. = He isnt satisfied with a job by any means. in no way, in

30、no case, in no sense, in no circumstances （circumstance n.環(huán)境,詳情,境況） on no account, at no time 都表示決不 Do you think their table tennis team will win the first place at the coming Asian Games? _. Ours is much stronger than theirs. (10 江蘇江蘇) A. By all means B. It depends C. Dont mention it D. By no means

31、D -May I bring my son to the party? - By all means.(no problem) be named after be named for take ones name from 都表示用來命名 Tt哈佛大學(xué)以他的創(chuàng)立者的名字約翰哈佛大學(xué)以他的創(chuàng)立者的名字約翰 哈佛命名。哈佛命名。 Harvard university was named after its founder, John Harvard. The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in t

32、he jobs _ they are being trained. (05 江西江西) A. in that B. for that C. in which D. for which I saw a woman running toward me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was, she had run back in the direction _ she had come. (06 重慶重慶) A. of which B. by which C. in which D. from whichDD He was educat

33、ed at the local high school, _ he went on to Beijing University. (07 江蘇江蘇) A. after which B. after that C. in which D. in that Look out! Dont get too close to the house _ roof is under repair. (06 福建福建) A. whose B. which C. of which D. thatAA如何表達(dá)一座橋的如何表達(dá)一座橋的長(zhǎng)度，深度，高度？長(zhǎng)度，深度，高度？The bridge is long/deep/

34、high.The length/depth/height of the bridge is The Verrazano Bridge, which was designed by Othmar Ammann, joins Brooklyn to Staten Island. It has a span of 4,260 feet. jointo=connectto have a span of 跨度、橋長(zhǎng) The bridge is so long that the shape of the earth had to be taken into account by its designer.

35、 earth: the land(地表) take into account = take into consideration = take account of 考慮到We have to take the date into account when we have the meeting. Two great towers support four huge cables. support = hold up 舉起舉起, 支撐支撐 The towers are built on immense underwater platforms made of steel and concret

36、e. The platforms extend to a depth of over 100 feet under the sea. extend（延伸, 伸展）= reach, stretch - a railway extends to the next city. Compare :The platform are over 100 feet deep under the sea. These alone took sixteen months to build. = It took the workers sixteen months to build the platforms. a

37、lone(放在名詞后面放在名詞后面)=only She alone can decide what to do. Only she can decide what to do. =Nobody else can do it for her. Above the surface of the water, the towers rise to a height of nearly 700 feet. extend to a depth of 伸展的深度 extend to a length of 伸展的長(zhǎng)度 extend to a width of 伸展的寬度 （width n.寬度, 寬廣 ）

38、 rise to a height of 伸展的高度 Compare:The towers are nearly 700 feet high. They support the cables from which the bridge has been suspended. which指代先行詞cables Each of the four cables contains 26,108 lengths of wire. It has been estimated that if the bridge were packed with cars, it would still only be c

39、arrying a third of its total capacity. It has been estimated that.（It is said that It is reported that） were 虛擬語(yǔ)氣（橋上不可能擺滿汽車） carry v.承載承載 a third of 的1/3 It has a span of 長(zhǎng)度長(zhǎng)度深度深度高度高度The platforms extend to a depth of The towers rise to a height of 然而，這座橋的重要性在于其規(guī)模和強(qiáng)度。然而，這座橋的重要性在于其規(guī)模和強(qiáng)度。 However, the

40、 importance of this bridge lie in its size and strength. However, size and strength are the important things about this bridge. Whats important about this bridge is its size and strength.寫作模板寫作模板描寫描寫特點(diǎn)特點(diǎn)及有該特點(diǎn)的及有該特點(diǎn)的原因原因 Despite its immensity, it is both simple and elegant, fulfilling its designers d

41、ream to create an enormous object drawn as faintly as possible. immensity指代size despite = in spite of fulfill vt.履行, 實(shí)現(xiàn), 完成(計(jì)劃等) fulfilling 分詞做狀語(yǔ)表示結(jié)果 - The bus was held up by the snowstorm, causing the delay.（hold up 阻擋, 攔截） - Her husband died in 1970, leaving her with her children. - At last he pas

42、sed his examination, fulfilling his dream to go abroad. The first passage: The origin of the bridge(overview) The second passage The basic facts of the bridge Designerlocation-span-structure (towercableplatform)-the difficulties in designing- designerfulfill his dream. A descriptive essay How to achieve clarity? Tips: use verb phrases follow the direction all the time 1 Tell us what you know about any great constructi