英漢辭格比較與翻譯

1、 在許多方面,英漢語在修辭格上表現(xiàn)出共同并共通的特性.但是不同的語言必然存在著具有其民族特性的差異,這一差異不僅是不同地理環(huán)境,社會(huì)文化傳統(tǒng)所造成的,更是由此形成的不同思維方式以及認(rèn)知結(jié)構(gòu)造成的. Simile refers to a direct comparison between two or more unlike things, normally introduced by like or as. 英語和漢語在比喻的運(yùn)用上具有共性,如numberless as the sands, as hungry as a wolf, as rapid as lightening, as lig

2、ht as a feather”等.但也存在著差異,有些差異甚至無法在漢語中再現(xiàn). Eg, He was as bold as brass to say such an impertinent thing to his professor. 譯文1: 他對教授說出如此不禮貌的話,真是臉皮厚的像城墻拐角一樣了. 譯文2: 他真是膽大包天,竟然對他的教授說出這么無禮的話來. He has been as drunk as a fiddlers dog. 他醉得像小提琴手的母狗.? 改譯: 他爛醉如泥. Eg 3, He can be as obstinate as all the donkeys

3、on Dartmoor when he pleases. 他耍性子時(shí),固執(zhí)得像達(dá)穆的所有驢子. 驢子在漢語中也是具有 “倔強(qiáng)的比喻,所以譯文2保留了原文的喻體是妥當(dāng)?shù)?像這類的說法還有 As busy as a bag of fleas 像一袋虱子般忙碌 As cross as nine highways 像九條高速公路一樣交叉著 As meek as a maid 溫柔如少女 As dumb as an oyster 像牡蠣一樣緘口不言 A man can no more fly than a bird can speak. 譯文1: 比起鳥能說話,人不會(huì)更能飛. 譯文2: 人不能飛翔,就像

4、鳥不會(huì)說話一樣. 試譯: A word and a stone let go cannot be recalled. 一言既出,如同拋石,不能收回. Ambition is to life just what steam is to the locomotive. 壯志之于人生,其重要猶如蒸汽之于火車. If we havent got any money, we cant buy a television. Its as plain as the nose on your face. 沒有錢我們就不能買電視機(jī).這就像禿子頭上的虱子-明白的事. Metaphor is an implied c

5、omparison between two or more unlike things achieved by identified one with the other Eg. 1. That lady tries to make sheeps eyes at her new boss. 那位女士想向新老板獻(xiàn)媚. Dont show the white feather to the enemy. 不要向敵人示弱. He is a regular oyster. 他總是守口如瓶. There is a mixture of the tiger and the ape in the charac

6、ter of a Frenchman. 虎惡猿狡的性格,法國人兼而有之. 英語的metonomy和漢語的借代都是用一種名稱代替另一種名稱, 給事物換一個(gè)名稱,一求語言新鮮別致,生動(dòng)形象,其心理基礎(chǔ)也是聯(lián)想. Surely anyone who thinks that the question of art and cultivation must go before that of the knife and fork does not understand what art means. 當(dāng)然,任何人,如果他認(rèn)為在考慮藝術(shù)和修養(yǎng)問題之前先得顧及生計(jì)問題,那么他并不理解藝術(shù)的意義所在. At

7、the mandarin Singapore, flagship hotel of Singapore mandarin International, we have long practiced service that is in tradition of emperors. 新加坡文華大酒店乃新加坡文華酒店的佼佼者.在此,我們長期實(shí)行的一整套服務(wù)都體現(xiàn)皇家風(fēng)范. The sun sets regularly on the United Jack these days, but never on the English language. 改譯: 太陽定期地照著杰克工會(huì),但從來沒有照到過英

8、語語言. 現(xiàn)在英國已不再是 “日不落”的國家,但是,英語卻廣泛流行使用著. Hyperbole就是故意運(yùn)用夸大事實(shí)的手法來加以強(qiáng)調(diào),以求給人突出的印象. 英漢語言中的夸張不乏酷似之例,如 to hang by a hair ,money makes the mare go, burst ones sides laughing Eg,1 I did not cry, I could not. My cheeks were as hot as fire and my very eyes burnt in my head. 譯文1: 我沒有哭,我哭不出來.雙頰熱得如火,眼睛在頭上燃燒. 譯文2: 我

9、沒有哭,我哭不出來.雙頰熱得火辣辣的,兩眼好象在冒火. He ran down the avenue, making a noise like ten horses at a gallop. They swarmed up in front of Sherburns palings as thick as they could jam together, and you couldnt hear yourself think for the noise. 改譯: 他們水泄不通地?fù)頂D在謝伯的籬笆前,由于太吵了,你都聽不見自己在想些什么. 英語的pun和漢語的雙關(guān)相似,作為一種有趣的語言現(xiàn)象,這類

10、修辭往往運(yùn)用詞的多義或異義和同音現(xiàn)象來取得幽默或諷刺效果.由于英語和漢語的語音系統(tǒng)不同,所以英語的諧音雙關(guān)是很難直接翻譯到漢語當(dāng)中去的.最好的辦法是根據(jù)上下文翻譯出作者的含義. Perhaps from some vague rumor of his college honors, which had been whispered abroad on his first arrival, perhaps because he was an unmarried, unencumbered gentleman, he had been called the bachelor. 譯文:也許是因?yàn)樗?/p>

11、來乍到就有關(guān)他在國外大學(xué)求學(xué)的種種流言蜚語,也許是因?yàn)樗且晃粵]有結(jié)婚,無拘無束的紳士,他便被稱為光棍學(xué)士. What do lawyers do when they die? Lie still. 律師死了以后干啥? 身子動(dòng)彈不得,口里依然撒謊. Judge: What made you think that you could park your car there? Tourist: Well, there was a big sign that read: “ Fine for parking.”譯文1: 法官: 你怎么想到了把車停在那里?游客: 噢,那里有個(gè)牌子,上面寫著: 停車的好

12、地方!譯文2:法官: 你怎么想到了把車停在那里?游客: 噢,那里有個(gè)牌子,上面寫著:適于泊車!(注: 英語的fine既有 “好的意思,也可表示 “罰款”.) Eg, If you will allow me, I will call your carriage for you. You have lived so long abroad, Mrs, Cheveley, that you seem to be unable to realize that you are talking to an English gentleman. 譯文1：如果你允許，我要請你卷鋪蓋滾蛋了。謝佛利太太，你久居

13、國外，看來已經(jīng)意識(shí)不到你自己是在和一個(gè)英國紳士講話。 譯文2：如果你允許，謝佛利太太，我要為你叫來你的馬車，請你走人，你已經(jīng)在國外住的時(shí)間太長，看來已經(jīng)意識(shí)不到自己正在和一個(gè)英國紳士說話。 Mum, they told me that tomorrow I would get a job as the automotive internist. 媽媽，他們告訴我明天我就可以得到一份當(dāng)汽車內(nèi)科醫(yī)生的工作。 在英語中有大量的表示職業(yè)的“拔高詞”， 即給原本一些地位較低的工作安上一些好聽的名稱，如footwear maintenance( 擦鞋匠）， grief therapist( 殯葬承辦人），

14、 sanitary engineer(清潔工） Disgraced romeo minister admits to another secret daughter: Love Child No 2 for Yeo. 譯文1：不光彩的羅密歐部長承認(rèn)又有一位秘密女兒：約的第二號(hào)愛情之子。 譯文2：名譽(yù)掃地的風(fēng)流部長承認(rèn)又有一位私生女：與耶歐的第二個(gè)愛情結(jié)晶。 英語的personification相當(dāng)于漢語的擬人，都是運(yùn)用各種詞匯，句法手法，把非人的事物人格化，賦予各種物以人的言行或思想感情，即把人以外的無生命之物或有生命之物當(dāng)作人來描寫。 Hunger breaks stone walls. 饑

15、餓打破石頭墻。 饑餓不饒人。 Take time by the forelock. 抓住時(shí)間的額發(fā)。？ 英語transferred epithet 這一修辭格，相當(dāng)于漢語的“移就”，即“將原描寫甲事物性狀的修詞語移來描寫相關(guān)的乙事物。”，最常見的是把應(yīng)用來描寫人的定語用來描寫物。 1. I buried my head under the miserable sheet and rug, and cried like a child. 譯文1：我把頭埋在悲慘的被單和攤子下面，像孩子樣哭了起來。 譯文2：我非常難過，一頭扎進(jìn)被單和毯子，像孩子一樣哭了起來。 2. The old man lay all night on his sleepless bed. 老人整夜躺在那不眠的床上。 老人躺在床上，徹夜未眠。 1.F