河南專升本英語(yǔ)閱讀理解部分

1、閱讀理解第一部分(一)The rate of population growth is fastest in underdeveloped countries. In these countries a high birthrate is accompanied by a lowered death rate thanks to improved standards of public health. Ideally it should be possible to counter balance the effect of a reduced death rate by an increas

2、ed use of family planning. In practice, however, population control is a complex matter. Throughout history people have determined the size of their families according to the cultural values of their societies. Population control has long been a subject of discussion among researchers. Some have arg

3、ued that the supply of good land is limited. In order to feed a large population, bad land must be cultivated and the good land overworked. As a result, each person produces less in a given amount of time and this means a lower average income than could be obtained with a smaller population. Other r

4、esearchers have argued that a large population gives more scope for the development of facilities such as sports, roads and railways, which are not likely to be built unless there is a big demand to justify them. Similarly, it can be argued that the public costs of society will not be so heavy to ea

5、ch individual if they are shared among the members of a large population. One of the difficulties in implementing birth control lies in the fact that the official attitudes to population growth vary from country to country. In underdeveloped countries where a large population is pressing hard upon t

6、he limits of food, space and natural resources, it will be the first concern of government to place a limit on the birthrate. In a welldeveloped society the problem may be more complex. A declining birthrate may lead to unemployment because it results in a shrinking market. Cities with a declining p

7、opulation may have to face the prospect of a shrinking tax base and a fall in land values. If there are fewer children going to school, teachers may be thrown out of work. When the pressure of population on housing declines, prices also decline and the building industry is weakened. Faced with consi

8、derations such as these, the government of a developed country may well prefer to see a slowly increasing population, rather than one which is stable or in decline. 人口增長(zhǎng)速度最快的是在欠發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家。在這些高出生率降低死亡率由1由于公眾健康水平提高伴隨著國(guó)家。理想情況下應(yīng)該可以對(duì)付由計(jì)劃生育增加使用平衡降低死亡率的效果。然而在實(shí)踐中，人口控制是一個(gè)復(fù)雜的問(wèn)題?？v觀歷史的人都決定了其家庭的大小根據(jù)其社會(huì)文化價(jià)值。 ?人口控制一直是研究

9、人員之間的討論。有些人認(rèn)為，良好的土地供應(yīng)是有限的。為了養(yǎng)活眾多的人口，土地必須是壞的耕地和好地超負(fù)荷工作。因此，每個(gè)人少產(chǎn)生一定量的時(shí)間，這意味著更低的平均收入比可以得到一個(gè)較小的人口。其他研究人員認(rèn)為，大量人口提供諸如體育，道路和鐵路，這是不太可能建造更多的設(shè)施的開(kāi)發(fā)范圍，除非有一個(gè)很大的需求，為它們辯護(hù)。同樣，可以說(shuō)，社會(huì)的公共成本不會(huì)那么沉重了，如果他們每個(gè)人都屬于一個(gè)人口眾多的成員共享。 ?在落實(shí)節(jié)育的困難之一是，在人口增長(zhǎng)的官方態(tài)度是因國(guó)家不同。在那里有一個(gè)很大的人口是迫切的食品后，空間和自然資源，這將是執(zhí)政的第一關(guān)注放在出生率限制的限制難以不發(fā)達(dá)的國(guó)家。在一個(gè)成熟發(fā)展的社會(huì)問(wèn)題可

10、能更加復(fù)雜。阿人口出生率下降可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致失業(yè)，因?yàn)樗谑袌?chǎng)萎縮的結(jié)果。人口下降的城市有可能要面對(duì)稅收減少的前景，在土地價(jià)值下降。如果有孩子上學(xué)少，教師可能會(huì)失去工作。當(dāng)有關(guān)住房下降，價(jià)格下降和人口壓力也建筑業(yè)減弱。面對(duì)這樣的考慮，因?yàn)檫@些發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的政府可能更愿意看到一個(gè)緩慢增加的人口，而不是一個(gè)是穩(wěn)定或下降。 1. One reason for quick population increase in underdeveloped countries is that _.A. those countries encourage people to have large familiesB. pe

11、ople can get government support if they have more kidsC. improved public health standards have reduced death rate greatlyD. those countries have enough resources to support a large population 2. The writer suggests that policy makers should consider cultural values _.A. in carrying out family planni

12、ng B. in producing birth control drugsC. in improving public health standards D. in introducing birth control techniques 3. A large population in an underdeveloped country may lead to _.A. a rise in work efficiency B. a shortage of farm workersC. a decline in grain production D. a reduction in avera

13、ge income 4. Some people believe that population control in developed countries may _.A. increase market demand B. lower unemployment rateC. slow down economic growth D. create more job opportunities 5. According to the writer, developed countries prefer _.A. a standstill population B. a fast increa

14、sing populationC. a slowly growing population D. a steadily decreasing population1. C 2. A 3. D 4. C 5. C在不發(fā)達(dá)的國(guó)家之一，人口迅速增加的原因是_。答：這些國(guó)家鼓勵(lì)人們多生育乙人可以得到政府的支持，如果他們有更多的孩子C.改善公眾健康的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，大大降低死亡率四這些國(guó)家有足夠的資源支持，人口眾多?2。筆者建議，決策者應(yīng)考慮_文化價(jià)值。答：在實(shí)行計(jì)劃生育B.在生產(chǎn)控制生育的藥物C.在改善公眾健康的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)D.在實(shí)施節(jié)育技術(shù)?3。在一個(gè)不發(fā)達(dá)的一個(gè)國(guó)家人口眾多，可能導(dǎo)致_。答：在工作效率提高二是農(nóng)場(chǎng)工

15、人短缺三，糧食產(chǎn)量下降四，在平均收入減少?4。有些人認(rèn)為，發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的人口控制可能_。A.增加市場(chǎng)需求B.較低的失業(yè)率長(zhǎng)放緩的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)四創(chuàng)造更多就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)?5。根據(jù)作家，發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家寧愿_。答：一停頓人口B：一個(gè)人口快速增長(zhǎng)三，人口增長(zhǎng)緩慢四是不斷下降的人口（二）There are many shops in Singapore where customers still bargain, although prices are clearly shown on the goods. There is nothing out of the ordinary in haggling; some shop

16、keepers expect you to and will be surprised if you accept their prices immediately. We know that the prices in some stores are a bit higher than those in Change Alley, but we also realize that to keep a store like Robinsons is by no means cheap. Besides, in such places we shop in aircondition comfor

17、t. For all these, we pay a little extra. It is not always true to say that things in Change Alley cost less. I once bought a Czechoslovakian glass butterdish from Robinsons for a little under two dollars. I then went on to Change Alley and just by chance saw an article of the same shape, design and

18、size, in one of the shops. I then asked about its price, and was surprised when the man demanded more than four dollars for it. “How much can you offer?” he shouted at me. I offered him exactly the same price I paid for the article and his reply was shockingly rude. I opened my bag, showed him my re

19、ceipt, stared at him and walked out of his shop. A buyer in England expects to find the price of goods clearly shown, or, to be told exactly what the price is. He knows this is the lowest price that will be accepted. If he thinks the price is beyond what he can afford, he shrugs (聳肩) his shoulders a

20、nd walks away. He does not attempt to bargain with the shopkeeper. Even if he showed annoyance or surprise, he would expect to be to that if the price was unacceptable, he should try elsewhere.在新加坡，有討價(jià)還價(jià)的顧客仍然很多商店，雖然價(jià)格是清楚的貨物所示。沒(méi)有什么出了在普通討價(jià)還價(jià)，有的店主希望你會(huì)感到驚訝，如果你接受他們的價(jià)格立即。我們知道，在一些商店的價(jià)格是有點(diǎn)弄比變化為高，但我們也意識(shí)到，要保持

21、像魯濱遜的商店絕不便宜的。此外，在這些地方，我們?cè)诳罩猩痰陾l件舒適。對(duì)于所有這些，我們付出一點(diǎn)額外的費(fèi)用。 ?它并非總是如此說(shuō)，在變化的東西弄成本低。我曾經(jīng)買了一小下兩美元從羅賓遜的捷克玻璃黃油菜。我接著弄變化，只是偶然看到了一個(gè)同樣形狀的文章，設(shè)計(jì)和大小的店鋪之一。然后我問(wèn)它的價(jià)格，并要求該名男子時(shí)，驚訝它超過(guò)4美元。 “你能提供多少？”他大叫著我。我給他完全一樣的價(jià)格我的文章支付，他的回答是令人吃驚的粗魯。我打開(kāi)我的包，我給他看后，他凝視著，走出他的店。 ?在英國(guó)買家希望找到的商品價(jià)格明顯顯示，或者被告知到底是什么價(jià)格。他知道這是最低的價(jià)格，將被接受。如果他認(rèn)為價(jià)格超出了他所能夠負(fù)擔(dān)，他聳

22、聳肩（聳肩）他的肩膀，走了。他并不試圖與店主討價(jià)還價(jià)。即使他表明煩惱或驚奇，他會(huì)希望是，如果價(jià)格是不可接受的，他應(yīng)該在其他地方。 1. The underlined word “haggling” (line 2, Para. 1) in the text most probably means _. A. accepting the prices immediately B. fixing the right cost for some goods C. arguing about the price of something D. paying extra for comfortable

23、shopping2. We can learn from the text that Robinsons is a store which sells _. A. expensive goods B. airconditioners C. Czechoslovakian goods D. goods at a bargain price3. The writer asked about the price of a glass butterdish in Change Alley because he wanted to _. A. buy it at a lower price B. cha

24、nge his dish for something else C. find out if the shop assistant is polite D. compare the prices of the dish in two stores4. Which of the following words best describes tile feeling of a British customer when“he shrugs his shoulders and walks away” (line 3, Para. 3)? A. Frightened. B. Worded. C. An

25、noyed. D. Disappointed.5. What would probably happen if a customer does bargain with a shopkeeper in England? A. The customer would be advised to shop in other stores. B. The customer would get the goods at a lower price. C. They would discuss and then reach an agreement. D. They would quarrel about

26、 the price of the goods.1。下劃線的字，?haggling，金（第2行，段。1在文本）最可能意味著_。 答：立即接受的價(jià)格 二是確定合理的成本為某些商品 三爭(zhēng)論的東西價(jià)格 四支付額外的舒適的購(gòu)物 2。我們可以借鑒的文本羅賓遜，星光大道是一個(gè)商店的銷售_。 答：昂貴的商品乙air?conditioners 正四品在捷克商品便宜的價(jià)格 3。筆者詢問(wèn)一個(gè)變遷中的玻璃弄butter?dish價(jià)格，因?yàn)樗隷。 ?答：在一個(gè)較低的價(jià)格購(gòu)買它 二，他改變別的菜 ?三看看售貨員是禮貌 四比較兩個(gè)存儲(chǔ)盤的價(jià)格 4。下列哪一個(gè)詞最能說(shuō)明英國(guó)客戶瓦的感覺(jué)時(shí)，他的肩膀，?he聳聳肩走開(kāi)，金（

27、線3條，第。三）？ ?答：害怕。二措辭。正生氣。四感到失望。 5?？赡軙?huì)發(fā)生什么，如果客戶不與店主討價(jià)還價(jià)，在英國(guó)？ ?答：客戶會(huì)被告知在其他商店購(gòu)物。 ?二，客戶將獲得以較低價(jià)格的商品。 ?C.他們將討論并達(dá)成協(xié)議。 ?D.它們會(huì)吵架貨物的價(jià)格。1. C 2. A 3. A 4. D 5. A(三) Blind people can “see” things by using other parts of their bodies. This fact may help us to understand our feelings about color. If blind people ca

28、n sense color differences, then perhaps we, too, are affected by color unconsciously. Manufacturers(生產(chǎn)商)have discovered by experience that sugar sells. Badly in green wrappings, that blue foods are considered unpleasant, and that cosmetics(化妝品) should never be packaged in brown. These discoveries ha

29、ve grown into a branch of color psychology. Color psychology now finds application in everything from fashion to decoration. Some of our preferences are clearly psychological. Dark blue is the color of the night sky and therefore associated with calm, while yellow is a day color with associations of

30、 energy and incentive(刺激). For a primitive man, activity during the day meant hunting and attacking, while he soon saw red as the color of blood and anger and the heat that came with effort. And green is associated with passive defense and selfprotection. Experiments have shown that colors, partly b

31、ecause of their psychological associations, also have a direct psychological effect. People exposed to bring red show an increase in breath, in heartbeat and in blood pressure; red is exciting. Similar exposure to pure blue has exactly the opposite effect; it is a calming color. Because of its excit

32、ing meaning, red is chosen as the signal for danger, but closer analysis shows that a vivid yellow can produce a more basic state of alarm. So fire engines and ambulances in some advanced communities are now rushing around in bright yellow colors that stop the traffic dead.盲人可以“看”用他們的身體其他部位的東西。這一事實(shí)可

33、以幫助我們了解我們的感情色彩。如果盲人能夠感知顏色的不同，那么我們可能也無(wú)意識(shí)地受到了顏色的影響。 ?制造商（生產(chǎn)商）已發(fā)現(xiàn)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，糖銷售。嚴(yán)重，綠色包裝，藍(lán)色的食品被認(rèn)為是令人不愉快，而化妝品（化妝品）絕不應(yīng)該用棕色來(lái)包裝。這些發(fā)現(xiàn)已經(jīng)成為顏色心理學(xué)的一個(gè)分支。 ?現(xiàn)在發(fā)現(xiàn)，顏色心理學(xué)應(yīng)用在從時(shí)尚到裝飾的一切。我們的一些喜好很明顯是心理。深藍(lán)色是夜晚天空的顏色，因此和平靜有關(guān)，而黃色是一個(gè)能源和激勵(lì)（刺激）協(xié)會(huì)天的顏色。對(duì)于原始人來(lái)說(shuō)，白天的活動(dòng)就是打獵和攻擊，而他很快就看到了血液和憤怒以及熱量的努力來(lái)紅色。而綠色與被動(dòng)防御以及相關(guān)自我保護(hù)。 ?實(shí)驗(yàn)表明，顏色，部分原因是他們的心理協(xié)會(huì)，也有

34、一個(gè)直接的心理效應(yīng)。人們出鮮紅的顏色表明了呼吸增加，心跳和血壓;紅色是興奮的。純藍(lán)色的類似表現(xiàn)具有完全相反的作用，它是使人平靜的顏色。由于其令人興奮的意義，紅色是選擇作為危險(xiǎn)的信號(hào)，但仔細(xì)分析表明，生動(dòng)的黃色能產(chǎn)生更基本的警告狀態(tài)。因此，消防車和救護(hù)車在一些先進(jìn)的社區(qū)現(xiàn)在跑來(lái)跑去停止在明亮的黃色的交通死亡的顏色。 1. Our preferences for certain colors are _ according to the passage. A. associated with the time of the day B. dependent on our personalities

35、C. are linked with our ancestors D. partly due to psychological factors2. If people are exposed to bright red, which of the following things does NOT happen? A. They breathe faster. B. They feel satisfied.C. Their blood pressure rises. D. Their hearts beat faster.3. Which of the following statements

36、 if NOT true according to the passage? A. Color probably has an effect on us which we are not conscious of. B. Yellow fire engines have caused many bad accidents in some advanced communities.C. People exposed to pure blue start to breathe more slowly.D. The psychology of color is of some practical u

37、se.4. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A. Manufacturers often sell sugar in green wrapping.B. Dark blue bring people the feeling of being energetic.C. Primitive people associated heat and anger with red.D. Green and yellow are associated with calm and passive defen

38、se.5. Which of the following could be the most suitable title for the passage? A. The Branch of Color Psychology B. Color and Its MeaningsC. The Practical Use of Color Psychology D. Color and Feelings1。對(duì)某些顏色的偏好是_我們根據(jù)短文。 答：有關(guān)同一天時(shí)間 二取決于我們的性格 三是聯(lián)系我們的祖先 四部分原因是由于心理因素 2。如果人們有機(jī)會(huì)接觸到明亮的紅色，下面的事情不會(huì)發(fā)生？ 答：他們呼吸的速

39、度更快。 B.它們感到滿意。 三，他們的血壓上升。 四他們的心跳得更快。 3。以下哪項(xiàng)陳述不屬實(shí)，如果根據(jù)這篇文章？ 答：可能有一個(gè)顏色對(duì)我們的影響，我們也沒(méi)有意識(shí)到。 黃乙消防車已造成一些先進(jìn)社區(qū)的許多不好的意外。 人們正開(kāi)始接觸到純粹的藍(lán)色呼吸更慢。 四，色彩心理學(xué)的一些實(shí)際應(yīng)用。 4。下列哪些說(shuō)法是根據(jù)這篇文章，真？ 答：銷售商往往在綠色包裝的糖。 二深藍(lán)帶給人們的是充滿活力的感覺(jué)。 三原始人用紅色相關(guān)的熱量和憤怒。 四是綠色和黃色的相關(guān)冷靜和被動(dòng)防御。 5。以下哪一項(xiàng)可以是最合適的通道標(biāo)題？ A.對(duì)色彩心理科 二色及其意義 C的色彩心理學(xué)的實(shí)踐運(yùn)用 四色彩與情感 1. A 2. B 3

40、. B 4. C 5. D（四）In the case of mobile phones, change is everything. Recent research indicates that the mobile phone is changing not only our culture, but our very bodies as well.Firstly, lets talk about culture. The difference between the mobile phone and its parentthe fixedline phone, is that a mob

41、ile number corresponds to a person, while a landline goes to a place. If you call my mobile, you get me. If you call my fixedline phone, you get whoever answers it.This has several implications. The most common one, however, and perhaps the thing that has changed our culture forever, is the “meeting

42、” influence. People no longer need to make firm plans about when and where to meet. Twenty years ago, a Friday night would need to be arranged in advance. You needed enough time to allow everyone to get from their places of work to the first meeting place. Now, however, a night out can be arranged o

43、n the run. It is no longer “see you there at 8”, but “text me around 8 and well see where we all are”. Texting changes people as well. In their paper, “Insights into the Social and Psychological Effects of SMS Text Messaging”, two British researchers distinguished between two types of mobile phone u

44、sers: the “talkers” and the “texters”those who prefer voice to text message and those who prefer text message to voice.They found that the mobile phones individuality and privacy gave texters the ability to express a whole new outer personality. Texters were likely to report that their family would

45、be surprised if they were to read their texts. This suggests that texting allowed texters to present a selfimage that differed from the one familiar to those who knew them well.Another scientist wrote of the changes that mobiles have brought to body language. There are two kinds that people use whil

46、e speaking on the phone. There is the “speakeasy”: the head is held high, in a selfconfident way, chatting away. And there is the “spacemaker”: these people focus on themselves and keep out other people. Who can blame them? Phone meetings get cancelled or reformed and cameraphones intrude on peoples

47、 privacy. So, it is understandable if your mobile makes you nervous. But perhaps you neednt worry so much. After all, it is good to talk.在移動(dòng)電話一樣，變化是一切。最近的研究表明，移動(dòng)電話正在改變不僅是我們的文化，但我們很機(jī)構(gòu)以及。 首先，讓我們來(lái)談?wù)勎幕?。之間的移動(dòng)電話和其家長(zhǎng)的固定電話線路差異，是一個(gè)手機(jī)號(hào)碼對(duì)應(yīng)一個(gè)人，而固定去一個(gè)地方。如果你打電話我的手機(jī)，你能給我。如果你叫我固定電話線，你得到的答案是誰(shuí)。 這樣做有幾個(gè)問(wèn)題。最常見(jiàn)的一種，但是，也許是

48、永遠(yuǎn)改變了我們的文化的東西，是“會(huì)議”的影響。人們不再需要作出堅(jiān)定的計(jì)劃何時(shí)何地舉行。 20年前，一個(gè)星期五的晚上都需要提前安排。你需要足夠的時(shí)間讓大家從工作地點(diǎn)到了第一次會(huì)議舉行。但現(xiàn)在，一晚上可以安排上運(yùn)行。它不再是“見(jiàn)8”你在那里，但“我的文字約8，我們將看看我們都”。 ?短信改變?nèi)藗円?。在他們的論文“到社?huì)和心理的SMS文本消息的影響”的見(jiàn)解，兩個(gè)英國(guó)研究人員區(qū)分兩種類型的移動(dòng)電話用戶：“健談的”和“短信族”，那些喜歡誰(shuí)的聲音和文字信息的誰(shuí)喜歡的文字信息，語(yǔ)音。 他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，手機(jī)的個(gè)性和隱私了短信族表達(dá)能力外一個(gè)全新的人格。短信族有可能向各位報(bào)告，他們的家人會(huì)感到驚訝，如果他們要讀的文本

49、。這表明，發(fā)短信讓短信族提出一個(gè)自我形象，從一個(gè)熟悉的不同對(duì)那些誰(shuí)知道他們。 另一位科學(xué)家說(shuō)的是手機(jī)帶來(lái)了身體語(yǔ)言的改變。有兩種，人們使用手機(jī)的同時(shí)發(fā)言。有“非法經(jīng)營(yíng)”：頭部高舉，在自我信心方式，聊天了。而這就是“spacemaker”：這些人集中起來(lái)，保持了其他人。 ?誰(shuí)又能責(zé)怪他們呢？電話會(huì)議上得到取消或改革和相機(jī)手機(jī)對(duì)人們的隱私侵犯。因此，它使你緊張是可以理解的，如果你的手機(jī)。但是，也許你不必太擔(dān)心。畢竟，這是很好的交談。 1. When people plan to meet nowadays, they_.A. arrange the meeting place beforehand

50、B. postpone fixing the place till last minuteC. seldom care about when and where to meetD. still love to work out detailed meeting plans2. According to the two British researchers, the social and psychological effects are mostly likely to be seen on _.A.Talkers B. The speakeasy C. The spacemaker D.

51、Texters3. We can infer from the passage that the texts sent by texters are _.A. quite revealing B. well writtenC. unacceptable by others D. shocking to others 4. According to the passage, who is afraid of being heard while talking on the mobile?A. Talkers. B. The speakeasy. C. The spacemaker. D. Tex

52、ters.5. An appropriate title for the passage might be _.A. The SMS EffectB. Cultural Implication of Mobile Phone UseC. Change in the Use of the Mobile PhoneD. Body Language and the Mobile Phone1。當(dāng)人們?cè)谟?jì)劃，以滿足現(xiàn)今，they_。答：預(yù)先安排會(huì)議地點(diǎn)二推遲到最后一分鐘的固定地點(diǎn)三很少關(guān)心何時(shí)何地，以滿足四仍然愛(ài)制定詳細(xì)的會(huì)議計(jì)劃2。據(jù)兩位英國(guó)科學(xué)家，社會(huì)和心理影響，大部分可能會(huì)在_看到。答的Talk

53、ers二，非法經(jīng)營(yíng)丙spacemaker四短信族3。我們可以推斷，按發(fā)送的文本短信族_通過(guò)。答：很暴露乙寫得很好C.按別人不能接受的令人震驚的四對(duì)他人4。根據(jù)文章，誰(shuí)是害怕被聽(tīng)到而在移動(dòng)說(shuō)話？答：講演者。二，非法經(jīng)營(yíng)。丙spacemaker。四短信族。5。一種是通過(guò)恰當(dāng)?shù)拿Q可能是_。答：短信的影響B(tài).文化意蘊(yùn)使用流動(dòng)電話長(zhǎng)變化的移動(dòng)電話使用四肢體語(yǔ)言和移動(dòng)電話1. B 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. B(五) Public speaking fills most people with dread. Humiliation is the greatest fear; selfexposu

54、re and failing to appeal to the audience come a close second. Women hate it most, since girls are pressurized from an early age to be concerned with appearances of all kinds.Most people have plenty of insecurities, and this seems like a situation that will bring them out. If you were under pressure

55、to be perfect, you are terrified of failing in the most public of ways.While extroverts will feel less fear before the ordeal, it does not mean they will necessarily do it better. Some very shy people manage to shine. When I met the British comedian Julian Clary, he was shy and cautious, yet his TV

56、performances are perfect.In fact, personality is not the best predictor of who does it well. Regardless of what you are like in real life, the key seems to be to act yourself.Actual acting, as in performing the scripted lines of a character other than yourself, does not do the job. While politicians may limit d