PEC環(huán)境工程英語證書考試-常用生態(tài)學(xué)詞匯

1、PEC環(huán)境工程英語證書考試-常用生態(tài)學(xué)詞匯absolute reproductive value絕對生殖值abundance 多度abyssal zone 深海帶acclimation 馴化absolute reproductive value絕對生殖值abundance 多度abyssal zone 深海帶acclimation 馴化accumulation horizon 淀積層aestivation 夏眠age structure 年齡結(jié)構(gòu)age-specific life table 特定年齡生命表agroecosystem 農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)alleles 等位基因allelochemic

2、 異種信息素/種間外激素Allen's rule 阿倫法則allogenic succession 異發(fā)演替allopatric speciation 異域性物種altruism 利他行為asexual reproduction 無性生殖association group 群叢組association table 群叢表association unit theory 群叢單位理論association 群叢associations 群叢Autecology 個(gè)體生態(tài)學(xué)autogenic succession 自發(fā)演替autotrophs 自養(yǎng)生物balancing selection

3、hypothesize 平衡說basal area 底面積Bergman's rule 貝格曼規(guī)律bethal zone 半深海帶biocoenosis 生物群落bioconcentration 生物濃縮biological enrichment 生物富集biomagnification 生物放大biomass 生物量biome 生物帶bionomic strategy 生態(tài)對策biosphere生物圈bottle neck 瓶頸cannibalism 同種相食carnivores 食肉動(dòng)物carring capacity 負(fù)荷量catastrophic 災(zāi)難性因素chamaephyt

4、es(Ch 地上芽植物character displacement 特征替代cheliophytes 陰性植物climate climax 氣候頂級climate school 氣候?qū)W派climax community 頂級群落climax 頂級群落cline 漸變?nèi)篶losed community 封閉群落clumped 集群分布coadapted system 協(xié)同適應(yīng)系統(tǒng)coarse grained 粗粒性分布co-dynamics 相互動(dòng)態(tài)co-evolution 協(xié)同進(jìn)化cohort 同生群cold desert 冷荒漠colonization 定居, 建群coloration 色澤

5、communities in littoral zone 沿岸生物群落communities in the limnetic zone 湖沼帶生物群落communities in the profundal zone 深水帶生物群落Community ecology 群落生態(tài)學(xué)community matrix 群落矩陣community organization 群落組織community 群落companion species 伴生種compen-satory predation 補(bǔ)償性捕食competition coefficient 競爭系數(shù)competition hypothesis

6、競爭假說competitive exclusion 競爭排除competive lottery 抽彩式競爭conservation 保守主義者conspicuousness 顯著度constancy 恒有度contest competition 干擾競爭contest type of competition 爭奪型競爭continental rise 大陸隆continental shelf 大陸架continental slope 大陸坡convergent adaptation 趨同適應(yīng)convergent oscillation 趨同波動(dòng)cost of gene recombinatio

7、n 基因重組價(jià)cost of mating 交配價(jià)cost of meiosis 減數(shù)分裂價(jià)courtship behavior 求偶行為coverage 蓋度crude density 原始密度cryptophytes(Cr 隱芽植物decomposition 分解作用delayed density dependence 延后密度制約density effect 密度效應(yīng)density ratio 密度比density-dependent 密度制約density-independent 非密度制約deterministic model 決定模型detrial food chain 碎食物鏈d

8、etritus feeder 食碎生物development 發(fā)育diagrammatic life table 圖解式生命表diapause 滯育differential species 區(qū)別種diffuse competition 分散競爭diominant-submissive 支配從屬directional selection 定向選擇discrete generation 離散世代disruptive selection 分裂選擇disturbance climax/disclimax 偏途頂級divergent oscillation 趨異波動(dòng)dominance 優(yōu)勢度domina

9、nt species 建群種dominant species 優(yōu)勢種dominant-submissive 支配從屬關(guān)系dry desert 干荒漠dynamic classification 動(dòng)態(tài)分類系統(tǒng)dynamic life table 動(dòng)態(tài)生命表dynamic-composite life table 動(dòng)態(tài)混合生命表earth nucleus 地幔earth's crust 地核Ecological amplitude 生態(tài)幅ecological density 生態(tài)密度ecological dominance 生態(tài)優(yōu)勢ecological environment 生態(tài)環(huán)境ec

10、ological equivalent 生態(tài)等值種ecological factor 生態(tài)因子ecological force 生態(tài)力ecological invasion 生態(tài)入侵ecological natality 生態(tài)出生率ecological release 生態(tài)釋放Ecology生態(tài)學(xué)ecosystem development 生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的發(fā)育Ecosystem ecology 生態(tài)系統(tǒng)生態(tài)學(xué)ecosystem 生態(tài)系統(tǒng)ecotone hypothesis 生態(tài)交錯(cuò)帶假說ecotype 生態(tài)型ectotherm 外溫動(dòng)物edge effect 邊緣效應(yīng)eitolation pheno

11、menon 黃化現(xiàn)象emergy 能值emigration 遷出endogenous migration 內(nèi)因性遷移endotherm 內(nèi)溫動(dòng)物environment hormone 環(huán)境激素environment 環(huán)境equilibrium theory 平衡理論euphotic zone 透光帶euryecious 廣棲的euryhaline 廣鹽性的euryhydric 廣水性的euryphagic 廣食性的eurythermal 廣溫性的eurytopic species 廣適種eutrophication 富營養(yǎng)化evergreen hardwood forest 常綠硬材林Evol

12、ution ecology 進(jìn)化生態(tài)學(xué)evolution force 進(jìn)化力exogenous migration 外因性遷移exploitive competition 利用競爭exponetial growth 指數(shù)增長facultative parthenogenesis 孤雌生殖facultative parthenogenesis 兼性孤雌生殖facultative 兼性因素family selection 家庭選擇farmland ecosystem 農(nóng)田生態(tài)系統(tǒng)fecundity schedule 生育力表fecundity 生育力feedback 反饋feeding niche

13、s 取食生態(tài)位filter food 濾食性生物fine grained 細(xì)粒性分布finite rate of increase 周限增長率fitness 合適度floristic-structural classification 植物區(qū)系結(jié)構(gòu)分類系統(tǒng)fluctuation 波動(dòng)food chain 食物鏈formation group 群系組formation 群系formation 植物群系foundational niche 基礎(chǔ)生態(tài)龕freshwater ecology 淡水生態(tài)學(xué)freshwater ecosystem 淡水生態(tài)系統(tǒng)function response 功能反應(yīng)ga

14、mete selection 配子選擇gaps 缺口gaseous cycle 氣體循環(huán)geng pool 基因庫geographic variation 地理變異geographical theory of speciation 物種形成geometric growth 幾何級數(shù)增長geophytes(G 地下芽植物global ecology 全球生態(tài)gradient hypothesis 梯度假說grain 粒性grazer 牧食生物grazing food chain 捕食食物鏈greenhouse effect 溫室效應(yīng)gregarization pheromone 聚集信息素gro

15、ss primary production 總初級生產(chǎn)力group selection 群體選擇group selection 群體選擇group selection 群選擇growth form 生長型guild 同資源團(tuán)habal zone 深淵帶habitat 生境heath 石楠群叢height 高度hemicryptophytes(He 地面芽植物herbivore 植食herbivores 植食動(dòng)物heterotrophic succession 異養(yǎng)演替heterotrophs 異養(yǎng)生物hibernation 冬眠h(yuǎn)omeostasis 內(nèi)穩(wěn)態(tài)homeostasis 自調(diào)節(jié)穩(wěn)態(tài)h

16、omeostatic organism 內(nèi)穩(wěn)態(tài)生物homeostatic process 內(nèi)穩(wěn)定過程human demography 人口統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)Human ecology 人類生態(tài)學(xué)humus 腐殖質(zhì)hydrarch succession 水生演替hydrosere 水生演替系列immigration 遷入importance value 重要值individual converse rate 個(gè)體轉(zhuǎn)化率industrial melanism 工業(yè)黑化現(xiàn)象inner capacity increase 內(nèi)稟增長力inner-environment 內(nèi)環(huán)境instantaneous rate o

17、f increase 瞬間增長率intensity 強(qiáng)度interference competition 干擾競爭interference competition 干擾競爭intermediate disturbance hypothesis 中度干擾假說internal distribution pattern 內(nèi)分布型interspecfic relationship 種間關(guān)系intertidal zone 潮間帶intraspecific relationship 種內(nèi)關(guān)系inversely density dependent 反密度制約Island ecology 島嶼生態(tài)學(xué)itero

18、parity 多次繁殖生物iteroparous 多次生殖Jordan's rule 約丹定律Kkeystone species 關(guān)鍵種kin selection 親屬選擇kin selection 親屬選擇k-strategists k-策略者Lland cover 土地覆蓋land use 土地利用Landscape ecology 景觀生態(tài)學(xué)law of constant final yield 最后產(chǎn)量衡值法則law of the minimum 最小因子法則law of tolerance 耐受性法則layer 層leached layer 淋溶層leaf area inde

19、x 葉面積指數(shù)leaf area index(LAS葉面積指數(shù)lentic ecosystem 靜水生態(tài)系統(tǒng)life cycle 生活周期life expectancy 生命期望life form spectrum 生活型譜life form 生活型life history strategy 生活史對策life history 生活史lifespan 生活年限lifetime 壽命limit of tolerance 忍受性限度littoral zone 沿岸帶lotic ecosystem 流水生態(tài)系統(tǒng)macroclimate 大氣候macrofauna 大型生物Marine ecology

20、 海洋生態(tài)學(xué)marine ecosystem 海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)maximum natality 最大出生率maximum sustained yield 最大持續(xù)生產(chǎn)量megafauna 巨型生物mexofauna 中型生物microclimate 小氣候microcolony 微菌落microcommunities 小群落micro-ecosystem 微生態(tài)系統(tǒng)micro-environment 微環(huán)境microfauna 小型生物microplankton 小型浮游生物migration 遷徙migration 遷移modular organism 構(gòu)件生物modules 構(gòu)件Molecul

21、ar ecology 分子生態(tài)學(xué)monoclimax theory 單元演替頂級monocultute 單種養(yǎng)殖monogamy 單配偶制monpohagous 單食性monsoon forest 季風(fēng)林mortality curve 死亡曲線mortality 死亡率mosaic 鑲嵌性natality 出生率n-dimensional niche n維生態(tài)龕negative feedback 負(fù)反饋net primary production(GP 凈初級生產(chǎn)力neutrality controversy 中性說論戰(zhàn)niche compression 生態(tài)位壓縮niche separati

22、on 生態(tài)位分離niche shift 生態(tài)位分離niche 生態(tài)位non-equilibrium theory 非平衡理論non-homeostatic organism 非內(nèi)穩(wěn)態(tài)生物obiotic component 非生物成分ocean-current 洋流ohort life table 同群生命表omnivores 雜食動(dòng)物open community 開放群落open shrublands 稀疏灌叢opportunist 機(jī)會(huì)主義者ordination 排序ornamentation 修飾panclimax 泛頂級pantropical 泛熱帶區(qū)parabiosphere 副生物圈

23、parasites 寄生生物parasitoidism 擬寄生parent material 母質(zhì)層parental care 親代關(guān)懷parental investment 親本投資patchiness 斑塊性per capita growth rate 每員增長率perclimax 前頂級peritrophic mycorrhizae 周邊營養(yǎng)性菌根phanerophytes(Ph 高位芽植物phenotype 表現(xiàn)型photoperiodism 光周期現(xiàn)象phyplankton 浮游植物physiognomy 外貌Physiological ecology 生理生態(tài)學(xué)physiologi

24、cal natality 生理出生率phytochrom 色素pioneer community 先鋒群落pjarapatric speciation 鄰域性物種plankon 浮游生物Poission distribution 泊松分布polyandry 一雌多雄制polyclimax theory 多元頂級理論polygamy 多配偶制polygyny 一雄多雌制polymorphism 多型現(xiàn)象polyphagous 多食性的Population ecology 種群生態(tài)學(xué)population 種群porosity 粒間空隙positive feedback 正反饋postclimax

25、超頂級predation 捕食者predator 捕食者present reproductive value 當(dāng)年繁殖價(jià)值prevail climax 優(yōu)勢頂級prey 獵物prezygotic mechanism 合子前隔離primary production 初級生產(chǎn)primary succession 初級演替primary succession 原生演替principle of allocation 分配原理principle of competitive exclusion 競爭互斥原理production rate 生產(chǎn)率production 生產(chǎn)量productivity 生產(chǎn)力

26、progressive succession 進(jìn)展演替protogynous hermaphriodism 雌雄同體pyramid of energy 能量金字塔radiation adaptation 趨異適應(yīng)random 隨機(jī)分布rare species 偶見種reaction time lag 反應(yīng)滯時(shí)reactive species 反映性物種realized natality 實(shí)際出生率realized nick 實(shí)際生態(tài)龕regressive succession 逆行演替relative frequency 相對頻度relative reproductive value相對生殖值

27、reproduction effect 生殖成效reproductive cost 繁殖成本reproductive pattern 生殖格局reproductive time lag 生殖滯時(shí)reproductive value 生殖值residual reproductive value 剩余繁殖價(jià)值resilient stability 恢復(fù)穩(wěn)定性resistant stability 抵抗穩(wěn)定性Restoration ecology 恢復(fù)生態(tài)學(xué)richness 豐度r-k continuum of strategies r-k 策略連續(xù)系統(tǒng)r-strategists r-策略者sapr

28、ovores 食腐者savanna woodland 熱帶稀樹草原林地scavenger 食腐者sciophytes 陽性植物scramble competition 利用競爭scramble type of competition 分?jǐn)傂透偁巗econdary metabolites 次生代謝物質(zhì)secondary production 次級生產(chǎn)力secondary succession 次生演替secondary 次級演替sedimentary cycle 沉積循環(huán)selective fertilization 選擇受精self-destructive 自我破壞semelparity 一次

29、繁殖生物semelparous 一次生殖sex ratio 性比sexual dimorphism 雌雄二形現(xiàn)象sexual reproduction 有性生殖sexual selection 性選擇sexual selection 性選擇shade plants 耐陰性植物Shannon-Weiner index 香農(nóng)威納指數(shù)sieve selection hypothesis 篩選說similarity 相似度Simpson's diversity index 辛普森多樣性指數(shù)social group 社群social hierarchy 社會(huì)等級social-economic-n

30、atural complex ecosystem 社會(huì)-經(jīng)濟(jì)-自然復(fù)合系統(tǒng)solar emergy 太陽能值solar emjoules 太陽能焦耳solar transformity 太陽能值轉(zhuǎn)換率spatial pattern 空間格局special heterogeneity 空間異質(zhì)性speciation 物種形成species area curve 物種面積曲線species diversity 物種多樣性species evenness or equitability 種的均勻度species heterogeneity 種的不齊性species turnover rate 種的周轉(zhuǎn)率spore reproduction 孢子生殖stability-resilience 穩(wěn)定恢復(fù)力stabilizing selection 穩(wěn)定選擇standing crop 現(xiàn)存量static life table 靜態(tài)生命表stenoecious 窄棲性的stenohaline 窄鹽性的 stenohydric 窄水性的 stenophagic 窄食性的 stenothermal 窄溫性的 steppe and semideserty 干草原和半荒漠 stochastic mode