初中英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)講解及練習(xí)含答案

1、時(shí)態(tài)1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)l 形式：do does（單數(shù)第三人稱）l 意義：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示客觀的、普遍性的真理以及經(jīng)常性的事件。l 用法： A) 表示現(xiàn)在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作、情況、狀態(tài)和特征。 B) 經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。e.g.：He always helps others. （他總是幫助別人。） He often goes to the gym.C) 客觀事實(shí)和普遍真理。尤其要注意，如果前后文不是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，則無(wú)法保持 主句、從句時(shí)態(tài)一致。 e.g.: The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. Knowledge is power.l 這一用法場(chǎng)合一些

2、表動(dòng)作頻率的時(shí)間副詞連用： 1). 表示肯定的頻率副詞：always, frequently, usually, sometimes, generally, occasionally, often etc. 2). 表示否定的頻率副詞：never, seldom, rarely etc. 這些副詞的位置：在Be動(dòng)詞后，實(shí)義動(dòng)詞前。 e.g. He is always late.2. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)l 形式：didl 意義：一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示在過(guò)去的某一特定時(shí)間發(fā)生和結(jié)束的活動(dòng)或情況。l 用法: A) 表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況。 e.g.: I saw him in the library ye

3、sterday morning. （有特定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)） yesterday, yesterday evening, last night/month/spring/year, the night before last（前天晚上），three days/months/years ago, in 1999 etc.。 這些時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)之前不用加介詞。 B) 表示過(guò)去習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作，一直持續(xù)或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，此時(shí)可與表示拼讀的時(shí)間副詞連用。 e.g.: I slept for eight hours last night. （表示在過(guò)去某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)持續(xù)的動(dòng)作，但這動(dòng)作現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)結(jié)束了）3. 一般將來(lái)時(shí)l 形

4、式：will/shall do或be going to dol 意義：一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示在未來(lái)的某個(gè)時(shí)間將要發(fā)生的某個(gè)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。l 學(xué)明白一般將來(lái)時(shí)要理解的一下三個(gè)至關(guān)重要的概念： 1) 預(yù)測(cè)，表示說(shuō)話人認(rèn)為將來(lái)會(huì)發(fā)生某件事。 2) 事先計(jì)劃：說(shuō)話人在頭腦里已經(jīng)做出決定將來(lái)要做某件事。 3) 意愿：說(shuō)話人既不是預(yù)計(jì)某事會(huì)發(fā)生，也不是預(yù)先經(jīng)過(guò)考慮決定將做某事，而是在說(shuō)話的時(shí)刻立即做出決斷表明他將做某事。l 用法： A) 用來(lái)預(yù)測(cè)，表示預(yù)測(cè)，或說(shuō)估計(jì)將來(lái)要發(fā)生某事，可用 will 或be going to。 e.g.: According to the weather report, it will

5、 be windy tomorrow. B) 表示“打算去.，要.”時(shí)，可用be going to do。 e.g.: This is just what I am going to say. C) 表示“將要、正要”時(shí)，可用be about to do。 強(qiáng)調(diào)近期內(nèi)或馬上要做的事。 e.g. Do not worry, I am about to make a close examination on you. （別擔(dān)心，我馬上就給你做一次仔細(xì)的檢查。） D) be to do的5種用法： a) 表示“按計(jì)劃、安排即將發(fā)生某事或打算做某事”。例：She is to be seen in th

6、e lab on Monday.（星期一你準(zhǔn)會(huì)在實(shí)驗(yàn)室見(jiàn)到她。） b) 該做或不該做的事情（語(yǔ)氣上接近于should, must, ought to, have to），表示一種命令、規(guī)勸性語(yǔ)氣。 e.g.：You are to go to bed and keep quiet, kids. Our guests are arriving in less than 5 minutes.（孩子們，你們必須 上床睡覺(jué)，不準(zhǔn)吵鬧。我們的客人5分鐘之內(nèi)就要到了。） c) 能或不能發(fā)生的事情（接近c(diǎn)an, may）例：How am I to pay such a debt?（我怎么可能還得起這么大的一筆

7、債呢？） d) 不可避免將要發(fā)生的事情，后來(lái)將要發(fā)生的事情。 e.g.：I assure you that the matter _ as quickly as possible. Have a little patience.A. will be attended B. will be attended toC. is attended D. is attended towill be attended to關(guān)鍵的一點(diǎn)是：attend表示“處理，解決”時(shí)是不及物動(dòng)詞，必須與to連用。另外，從上下文看，事情顯然尚未解決，所以應(yīng)該用將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。答案是B。 e) 用于條件從句“如果想，設(shè)想”

8、（接近if want to,或if should） e.g.：Greater efforts to increase agricultural production must be made if food shortage _ avoided.A is to be B can be C will be D has been答案是A. is to be。全句的意思是：“如果要避免食品短缺，就必須作出更大努力來(lái)增加農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)量。” 表預(yù)測(cè)時(shí)，我們可以用will 或be going to。但兩者還存在以下兩點(diǎn)區(qū)別： 1) 用be going to 特別是意指根據(jù)目前的明顯跡象來(lái)推斷某件事將要發(fā)生。 w

9、ill則只是表明說(shuō)話人認(rèn)為或相信某件事將要發(fā)生。 2) be going to 通常用來(lái)表示說(shuō)話人與其所說(shuō)的時(shí)間馬上或在相當(dāng)近的將來(lái)就要發(fā)生。而will所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間可近可遠(yuǎn)。 a. Look at those black clouds! Its going to rain. b. I feel terrible. I think Im going to be sick. c. John is going to fall into that hole! d. Oh, my dear! Theyre going to bump against that tree! e. You look

10、 very pale. I am sure you are going to get sick. 一般時(shí)態(tài)練習(xí)一、用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.Vegetarians(素食者) (not, eat)meat.2.An atheist(無(wú)神論者) (not, believe)in God.3.Constant dripping(滴水) (wear)away a stone.4.John (always, not, go)to school late. That is to say, he (sometimes, attend)school late. He (be, generally)a good

11、student. He (be, always)ready to help others. 5.If it (rain)tomorrow, well have to put off our sports meet. 6.Look!Here (come)your boyfriend! 7.Mozart (write)more than 600 pieces of music. 8.I (be)very tired last night, so I (go)to bed early. 9. you (go)anywhere on Labor Day? 10.When I was young, I

12、(want)to be a bus driver.答案：1.dont eat2.doesnt believe3.wears4.doesnt always go, sometimes attends, is generally, is always5.rainses7.wrote8.was,went9.Did,go10.wanted4. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)l 形式：be doing: am/is/are +doing.(是助動(dòng)詞，沒(méi)有“是”的意思).l 意義：強(qiáng)調(diào)在現(xiàn)在這個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)，某項(xiàng)活動(dòng)正在發(fā)生。l 用法： A) 表示說(shuō)話此刻正在進(jìn)行。 e.g.: What program are you watch

13、ing? I am studying English. B) 表示現(xiàn)階段正在持續(xù)的動(dòng)作。這是進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表示的是一個(gè)一般性的活動(dòng)，在說(shuō)話時(shí)刻這個(gè)動(dòng)作并不一定正在發(fā)生。 e.g.: These days I am translating a book. C) 表示最近的將來(lái)一定的安排。通常含有“計(jì)劃”、“安排做”之意。 e.g.: I am taking a makeup test tomorrow. D) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)常與always, forever, continually, constantly等連用，往往表示抱怨、厭煩、不合理或使人不愉快的事。 e.g.: Jack is always bo

14、rrowing money and forgetting to pay you back. Jack常常借錢(qián)忘還。 How come Joe is always groaning about things? Joe為什么總是在抱怨？5. 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)l 形式：be doing: was/were doingl 意義：強(qiáng)調(diào)在過(guò)去這個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)，某項(xiàng)活動(dòng)正在發(fā)生。l 用法： A) 用來(lái)描述一個(gè)過(guò)去特定的時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生的事情。 e.g.: I was discussing my thesis with my director at this time last night.（特定時(shí)刻） B) 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)還常

15、常和一般過(guò)去時(shí)配合使用。 此時(shí)，過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)通常表示一個(gè)歷史較長(zhǎng)的體現(xiàn)“背景”的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)；而一般過(guò)去時(shí)則表示此“背景”下發(fā)生的，短暫的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)動(dòng)作先發(fā)生，一般過(guò)去時(shí)動(dòng)作后發(fā)生。 e.g. I was telephoning Harry when she arrived.(在五打電話過(guò)程中，她到了。先telephone，后arrive) I telephoned Harry when she arrived.(她回來(lái)之后，我才打電話。先arrive,后telephone)6. 將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)l 形式： will be doingl 意義：強(qiáng)調(diào)在將來(lái)的某個(gè)具體時(shí)間正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或事情。l

16、 用法： A) 表示在將來(lái)某一特定時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的活動(dòng)。 e.g.: Ill be lying on a beach in Sanya this time tomorrow. Wait until seven oclock so that they wont still be eating.進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)練習(xí)一、用適當(dāng)時(shí)態(tài)填空1. How fast you (drive)when the accident happened?2. I (walk) along the street when suddenly I (hear)footsteps behind me. Somebody (follow)

17、me. I was frightened and I started to run.3. Why you (stare)at me like that?4. anybody (watch)TV or I (turn)it off?5. I (want)to lose weight. So this month I (not, eat)lunch. I am only eating fruits.6. Clint phoned me last night. He is on holiday in Qindao. He (have)a good time and (want)to come bac

18、k until the end of this month.7. You (always, watch)TV. You should do something more active.二、用適當(dāng)時(shí)態(tài)填空1. The television was on but nobody (watch) it.2. I (see)you in the park yesterday afternoon. You (sit)on the grass and (talk) with some people.3. Hurry up! Everybody (wait) for you.4. The water (boi

19、l). Can you turn it off?5. Water (boil)at 100 degrees Celsius.6. After three days of rain, Im glad that the sun (shine)again today.7. Every morning the sun (shine) in my bedroom window and (wake)me up.8. I (ride)home yesterday when suddenly an old lady (walk)out into the road in front of me. I (go)q

20、uite fast but luckily I was able to stop in time and (not, hit)her.9. Look! There (go)our bus; well have to wait for the next one.10. It (rain)hard, but no one stopped working. 單選選擇1. Ill go with you as soon as I my homework. A. will finish B. finish C. am finishing D. have finished2. He at 8 oclock

21、 every morning. A. is going to work B. went to work C. goes to work D. will go to work3. When I see Jean in the street, she always at me. A. smiled B. has smiled C. was smiling D. smiles4. Look, here the famous player. A. comes B. came C. has come D. come5. The year four seasons. A. has been divided

22、 into B. is divided into C. has divided in D. was divided into6. Nobody likes her because she to carry favor with the boss. A. has always tried B. does always try C. always tries D. is always trying答案：一、1. were，driving2. was walking, heard. was following3. are staring4. Is, watching , ll turn5. want

23、, am not eating6. is having, doesnt want.7. are always watching.二、1. was watching 2. saw, were sitting, talking3. is waiting4. is boiling5. boils6. is shining7. shines, wakes8. was riding, walked ,was going, didnt hit9. goes10. was raining三、1. B2. C3. D4. A5. B6. D7. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)l 形式：have/has donel 意義：開(kāi)始于過(guò)

24、去的動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，而且還可能繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。 (黑點(diǎn)表示現(xiàn)在和過(guò)去兩個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)；時(shí)間骰表示動(dòng)作在延續(xù)；徐建投表示動(dòng)作可能繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去）l 用法： A)延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)： 特點(diǎn)：1) 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞 2) 動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間是過(guò)去，但這一動(dòng)作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，而且還可能繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去。 3) 與這種用法的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)通常是表示“一段時(shí)間”的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，已說(shuō)明某個(gè)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)了多久。 與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)搭配的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)： 1. since+時(shí)間點(diǎn) e.g.: Ive worked in this company since 1980. 2. for+時(shí)間段

25、e.g.: Ive worked in this company for 3years. Great changes have taken place in Beijing for the past few years. 3. “到目前為止.” until now, up till now, up to now, so far, up until now e.g.: We have up until now failed to take any action to decide on a common language that would further communication betw

26、een nations. 到目前為止，我們尚未采取任何行動(dòng)來(lái)決定一門(mén)國(guó)際通用語(yǔ)言，以促進(jìn)國(guó)際間的交流。 4. “在最近幾世紀(jì)/年/月以來(lái).” in the past few years, over the past few years, during the last three months, for the last few centuries, through centuries, throughout history. e.g.: Throughout history man has had to accept the fact that all living things must

27、die, for the very nature of life includes death. 自古以來(lái)，人類就必須接受這樣的事實(shí)：一切生命體最終都會(huì)消亡，因?yàn)樯谋举|(zhì)包含了死亡。 B) 過(guò)去發(fā)生但與現(xiàn)在仍有聯(lián)系的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài) 表示在不確定的過(guò)去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在仍有影響。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般為短暫性動(dòng)詞。這種完成時(shí)態(tài)是中國(guó)學(xué)生對(duì)難以理解的，也常常和一般過(guò)去時(shí)混淆不清。（圖中黑點(diǎn)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻發(fā)生的動(dòng)作；虛線表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在仍有影響） C) 到目前的一個(gè)時(shí)間段內(nèi)重復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 表示到目前為止的一個(gè)時(shí)間段內(nèi)重復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 （圖中每一個(gè)黑點(diǎn)表示以此動(dòng)作；虛線表示于現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系） e.g.:

28、 For more than eight years, scientists have argued over whether life exists on the planet Mars. 八十多年以來(lái)，科學(xué)家們一直就火星上是否有生命存在這一問(wèn)題不斷進(jìn)行爭(zhēng)論。8.過(guò)去完成時(shí)l 形式：had donel 意義：在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻之前（即過(guò)去的過(guò)去）就已開(kāi)始的動(dòng)作。這一動(dòng)作： 1)在該過(guò)去時(shí)刻仍然再繼續(xù)，或在該過(guò)去時(shí)刻剛剛停止； 2)在該過(guò)去時(shí)刻之前的某一時(shí)刻停止的動(dòng)作 3) 在該過(guò)去時(shí)刻之前的一段時(shí)間內(nèi)重讀的動(dòng)作。l 用法： A) 如同現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的第一種永達(dá)的過(guò)去完成時(shí)。開(kāi)始于過(guò)去之前（即過(guò)去的過(guò)

29、去）的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)在過(guò)去這一時(shí)刻仍在持續(xù)。 e.g.: I had stayed in America for 2 years when he moved here.(move是過(guò)去的動(dòng)作，stayed發(fā)生在moved之前，即過(guò)去的過(guò)去；在moved之后還將會(huì)繼續(xù)stayed） B)如同現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的第二種用法，表示開(kāi)始于過(guò)去之前的動(dòng)作倒過(guò)去這一時(shí)刻之前即已停止.過(guò)去完成時(shí)的動(dòng)作通常是短暫動(dòng)作。e.g.: She had made everything ready before I came.C）如同現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的第三種用法，在過(guò)去之前開(kāi)始的動(dòng)作，在過(guò)去之前的一段時(shí)間內(nèi)重復(fù)發(fā)生。 e.g.: I h

30、ad written her 100 letters when she finally promised to marry me.9.將來(lái)完成時(shí)l 形式：will have donel 意義：是以“將來(lái)”作為“坐標(biāo)時(shí)間”，來(lái)描述開(kāi)始于將來(lái)之前（可能是過(guò)去，現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)）的動(dòng)作持續(xù)到將來(lái)。l 用法： A) 延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。 e.g. I will have taught English in New Oriental School for five years by the end of next month. B) 過(guò)去發(fā)生但與現(xiàn)在仍有聯(lián)系的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。e.g.： We will hav

31、e finished our exam by the end of next week.C) 在將來(lái)之前開(kāi)始的動(dòng)作，在將來(lái)之前的一段時(shí)間內(nèi)重復(fù)發(fā)生。e.g.: By five oclock this afternoon the spaceship will have traveled eleven times round the world.10.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)l 形式：have/has been doingl 意義：強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的持續(xù)性，表示開(kāi)始于過(guò)去的動(dòng)作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并且活動(dòng)還沒(méi)有結(jié)束，還將繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去。e.g.: It began raining 2 hours ago and its still raining. It has been raining for two hours. It began raining at 8 oclock. Now its still raining. It has been raining since 8 oclock. It has been r