高二英語Unit 2 Global Warming冀教版知識(shí)精講

1、高二英語Unit 2 Global Warming冀教版【本講教育信息】一. 教學(xué)內(nèi)容：Unit 2 Global Warming二. 具體過程1. announcer n. 廣播員,告知者announce v. 發(fā)表, 廣播（電臺(tái)節(jié)目）,通告,正式宣布例:The news announcer is standing by for the broadcast program at 8. 新聞廣播員正在為八點(diǎn)鐘的播音節(jié)目作好準(zhǔn)備。The news was announced by Radio Beijing. 這條消息是由北京廣播電臺(tái)播發(fā)的。announce 與declare 的區(qū)別declar

2、e 經(jīng)常用于正式場(chǎng)合, 指“清楚, 有力地, 公開讓人知道”, 如: He declared his intention to run for office. 他宣布了自己參加競(jìng)選的想法。announce 指“把人們關(guān)心或感興趣的事正式公布于眾”, 如: announce a sale 公布減價(jià)。 另外announce和declare后邊一般跟賓語和賓補(bǔ)2. under way 在進(jìn)行中Examples:The program is under way. 計(jì)劃正在進(jìn)行中。含有way的詞組all the way一路上 by the way順便說 by way of經(jīng)由，作為 make/lose/

3、find ones way到/迷路/找到路 get/have ones own way為所欲為 give way屈服,倒塌 go ones own way按自己的意愿行事 in a way/in one way/in some ways在某種程度上 in the way擋路 on the way to在某人去的路上 give ones way讓路 3. means n. 方法,手段Please find alternative means of transport.請(qǐng)另外找一個(gè)運(yùn)輸方法。Radio and television are important means of communicat

4、ion.無線電和電視是重要的通信手段。by means of用,憑借 by all means盡一切辦法,務(wù)必 by no means決不4. bring about帶來,造成 ;發(fā)生,引起Science have bring about many change in our lives.科學(xué)為我們生活帶來了很多變化。Indigestion may bring about this disease. 消化不良可能引起這種病。bring down 使倒下，使崩潰，殺死 bring forth 引起；產(chǎn)生： bring forward 呈上；提出： bring in 【法律】 宣布（裁決） 生出、

5、產(chǎn)生或掙得（利潤(rùn)，收入） bring out 揭示，揭露； 推出，出版bring up 照料，教育（小孩）；撫養(yǎng) ;嘔吐; 使突然停下5. locate v. 找出,設(shè)于,位于Examples:（1）The company wished to locate its new factory beside the river. 這家公司希望把新工廠設(shè)在河邊。（2）After he retires hes going to locate in California. 他打算退休后到加利福尼亞定居。locate，situate這兩個(gè)詞可以用作主動(dòng)，表示“把放置在地方；確定的位置”Bats locate

6、 obstacles.蝙蝠確定障礙物的位置。The council is trying to decide where to situate the new hospital.委員會(huì)正試圖決定將新醫(yī)院建在何處。這兩個(gè)詞也可以用作被動(dòng), 表示“位于”My school was located near the river. 我的學(xué)?？拷舆?。The village is situated in a valley. 那個(gè)村子在山谷里。6. debate n. 辯論,討論 v. 辯論After a long debate the bill was passed. 經(jīng)長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的辯論，議案獲得通過。arg

7、ue 指一方堅(jiān)持自己的意見,立場(chǎng)和觀點(diǎn),通過爭(zhēng)論企圖說服對(duì)方(argue with sb. about/over sth.) debate 多指公開,正式場(chǎng)合進(jìn)行的辯論或嚴(yán)肅的爭(zhēng)論,雙方各自陳述理由,“交鋒”“往返”的意味較強(qiáng) discuss 指為了解決問題或弄清對(duì)方的觀點(diǎn)而進(jìn)行的討論,磋商 dispute 指持續(xù),激烈的爭(zhēng)論,語氣較強(qiáng),有“相持不下,未得解決”的意思(in dispute在爭(zhēng)論中) quarrel 爭(zhēng)吵,爭(zhēng)論,含與人發(fā)生口角的意思7. manageable a. 易辦的,易管理的,易控制的We are trying to reduce the problem to manag

8、eable proportions. 我們正努力把問題縮小到可以控制的范圍內(nèi)。manage v. 處理,維持,達(dá)成,管理（1）I finally managed to find the book I was looking for. 我終于找到了一直在找的書。（2）His wife knows how to manage him when he is angry. 他的妻子知道在他生氣時(shí)怎么對(duì)付他。（3）He managed the company when his father was away ill. 在他的父親生病不在的時(shí)候，他管理公司。8. run out of 用完= use up

9、He has run out of red ink. 他的紅墨水用完了。run out 用盡 耗盡注意兩者的區(qū)別: Our time is running out./We are running out of time. 我們剩下的時(shí)間不多了。9. fade v. 褪色,消失,凋謝 fade out淡出 fade away逐漸消失fade into逐漸消失而變成(無足輕重的東西)Examples:（1）The closing music fades out when the hero rides off into the sunset. 當(dāng)男主角策馬向夕陽馳去時(shí)，尾聲音樂逐漸消失。（2）Flo

10、wers soon faded when they have been cut. 花剪下后很快就會(huì)枯萎。（3）Hopes of a peaceful settlement are now fading. 和平解決的希望正在消失。（4）As evening came the coastline faded into darkness. 夜晚來臨，海岸線融入茫茫夜色中。10. observation觀察; 了解observe v. 觀察,遵守,注意到;慶祝Examples:（1）I observed him entering the bank with a gun. ( observe sb. d

11、o / doing 的結(jié)構(gòu)) 我看到他帶著槍進(jìn)了銀行。（2）Do you observe Christmas? 你有過圣誕節(jié)的習(xí)俗嗎？（3）We should observe the proprieties. 我們應(yīng)該遵守禮節(jié)。11. ruin n. 毀滅; 廢墟(pl.), v. 毀壞,破壞in ruins 成了一片廢墟了Examples:（1）The castle now lies in ruins. 那城堡現(xiàn)在已成了一片廢墟了。（2）The rain ruined my painting. 這場(chǎng)雨把我的畫給毀了。（3）His rashness led ultimately to his

12、ruin. 他的急躁鹵莽最終導(dǎo)致了他的毀滅。（4）He ruined his prospects by carelessness. 他因疏忽大意而斷送了前途。1) damage指“損壞”，一般暗示損壞后價(jià)值或效益會(huì)降低，這種損壞是部分性的。有時(shí)該詞也用于借喻。2) destroy 意為“破壞；摧毀；消滅；毀滅”，指完全徹底的破壞，含有無法修復(fù)之意，也可用于借喻。如： 3) ruin 多用于借喻之中，有時(shí)泛指一般性的破壞，指把某物損壞到了不能再使用的程度。也可指對(duì)美好事物的破壞. 12. turn out生產(chǎn)；證明是 turn away 走開；把臉轉(zhuǎn)過去 turn ones back on 不理

13、睬turn on 開，旋開(電燈等) turn off 關(guān)(水源等)；拐彎 turn into 進(jìn)入；使變成，使成為turn in 轉(zhuǎn)身進(jìn)入；拐入；交出；上床睡覺 turn down 關(guān)小，調(diào)低；拒絕turn against 對(duì)采取敵對(duì)態(tài)度 by turns 輪流，交替take turns 依次，輪流 on the turn 正在轉(zhuǎn)變中 in turn 依次，輪流；轉(zhuǎn)而，反過來turn up 出現(xiàn)；找到；turn to 變成；求助于；著手；查閱 turn over (機(jī)器等)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)；翻過來；仔細(xì)考慮13. strengthen v. 加強(qiáng),變堅(jiān)固Examples:（1）The wind stre

14、ngthened during the night. 風(fēng)在夜間刮得更猛了。（2）The soldiers strengthened their defenses. 士兵們加強(qiáng)了他們的防御工事。en-：加在名詞、形容詞或動(dòng)詞前構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞。如：encourage（鼓勵(lì)），enable , enlarge 還可以作為后綴, 如: widen; broaden; soften; shorten; lengthen 14. comparison n. 比較in comparison with 和比較起來by comparison 通過比較Examples:（1）He is rather dull in c

15、omparison with others. 和別人比較起來，他相當(dāng)遲鈍。（2）We can only tell good from bad by comparison. 我們可以通過比較來分辨好壞。compare to vt. 比擬compare with vt. 與相比(同比較起來)compared with ; +主句15. alternate a. 交替的,輪流的 v. 交替,輪流Examples:（1）Sunny weather alternated with rain. 天氣晴雨相間。（2）We alternate in doing the housework. 我們輪流做家務(wù)。（

16、3）She gets Saturdays off in her new job as against working alternate weekends in her last one. 她新找的這份工作星期六放假，而原來的那份工作周末是隔周放假。alternative a. 兩者擇一的n. 替換物,取舍 v. 兩者取一Examples:（1）Have you got an alternative suggestion? 你有沒有其他建議？（2）We have no alternative, but to do it. 我們別無選擇，只能做了。（3）There appears to be n

17、o alternative. 似乎沒有別的選擇。（4）Disillusioned voters want an alternative to the two main parties.失望的選民需要一個(gè)黨派以取代這兩個(gè)大黨。alternately ad. 交替地,隔一個(gè)地16. circumstance n. 環(huán)境,狀況,事件Examples:（1）Due to circumstances beyond our control the lecture was cancelled. 由于無法控制的情況，講座取消了。（2）He was forced by the circumstances to

18、do this. 他做此事是為環(huán)境所迫。circumstance 意為“環(huán)境,情形,情況”,常用復(fù)數(shù)形式,表明與某事件或某人有關(guān)的情況,環(huán)境,境況等. under no circumstance在任何情況下決不，例：Under no circumstance should you lend him some money.無論如何你都不要借給他錢。（要用倒裝）surroundings常用復(fù)數(shù)形式,指“環(huán)境,周圍的事物”,詞義較狹窄,僅指周圍的具體的物質(zhì)性的東西. The students live happily in beautiful surroundings.surround動(dòng)詞“包圍”，

19、surrounding“周圍的”environment意為“環(huán)境, 周圍的狀況,自然環(huán)境”一個(gè)生物體或一群生物體周圍的整體狀況,尤其指作用和影響這群生物體的生長(zhǎng),發(fā)展和生存的外界物質(zhì)條件的總和. The twins were separated at birth and brought up in entirely different environment.【模擬試題】一、單項(xiàng)選擇。1. The house wanted _, unless he decided to move into the country. A. done upB. to do upC. doing upD. bein

20、g done up2. If you _ earlier yesterday, you would have met him at the party. A. didnt leaveB. hadnt leftC. wouldnt leaveD. wouldnt have left3. Ill write a letter to _ people are on the list. A. anyB. allC. whoeverD. whichever4. What do these achievements have _? A. in commonB. the sameC. in shareD.

21、in store5. Some people waste a lot of food _ others havent enough to eat. A. howeverB. whenC. asD. while6. _ the dancer comes from? A. Do you suppose whereB. Where you suppose C. Where do you supposeD. You suppose where7. Mr. Green is an Australian, _ I know from his accent. A. who B. whom C. which

22、D. that8. - How time flies. It is already 10 oclock. - Oh, I _ it at all. A. dont realize B. didnt realizeC. havent realizedD. hadnt realize9. _ several times, but he doesnt know how to do it properly. A. Being shown B. Having shown C. Having been shown D. Ive shown him10. Not until the rain stopped

23、 _ to continue their way again. A. they startedB. started theyC. did they startD. had they started11. _ only 20 minutes to go before the train left, I felt uneasy in the taxi to the railway station. A. ForB. AsC. BecauseD. With12. He is not _ to leave at once. A. possibleB. probablyC. likelyD. possi

24、bly13. She tried her best to make her work _. A. perfectlyB. perfectC. beautifulD. beautifully14. Now we can see _ problem population is. A. what seriousB. such seriousC. how serious aD. so a serious15. Today, if you find something useful on the Internet, you can download and _ it. A. saveB. spareC.

25、 shareD. turn二、完形填空。While you are much safer inside than out, lightning can strike you even in the home. Heres how to 1 yourself indoors: Stay away from 2 . Get out of the shower of bath. Dont 3 conductors such as fireplaces and metal pipes. Chery1 Falvey of Killingworth Conn., was struck 4 lightnin

26、g last year while washing her clothes. Lightning 5 a window next to the washing machine, struck her right hand, 6 through her body and finally out of her 7 arm. “It was as though I was 8 a bolt（雷電）of lightning in my hands,” remembers Falvey, who was 9 across the room. Stay off the telephone. It isnt

27、 an old wives 10 many people have been hurt through telephone wires. It was 11 outside while Peter Van Artrijk, Jr. was on the 12 at his house in Florida. “Bam! A bolt hit the building,” he says. “I 13 the hair on my arms stand on end and a charge（電荷）hit me through telephone, which was 14 blown out

28、of my hand.” Unplug（拔插頭）televisions, computers, etc. Dont just turn them 15 . If the house is struck, they could be damaged if you keep them 16 in. Try lightning rods（避雷針）if your 17 is very often hit by lightning. 18 fixed, says Rust, lightning rods 19 the chances of damage to a home and to the 20 i

29、nside it.1. A. saveB. hideC. spendD. protect2. A. housesB. roomsC. doorsD. windows3. A. touchB. graspC. moveD. seize4. A. byB. throughC. intoD. with5. A. brokeB. reachedC. enteredD. forced6. A. slippedB. travelledC. spreadD. rolled7. A. woundedB. hurtC. rightD. left8. A. holdingB. carryingC. keeping

30、D. placing9. A. shakenB. sweptC. thrownD. drawn10. A. talkB. taleC. newsD. report11. A. darkB. lightningC. silentD. raining12. A. phoneB. sofaC. bedD. chair13. A. feltB. discoveredC. foundD. sensed14. A. simplyB. hardlyC. almostD. completely15. A. onB. overC. offD. down16. A. turned B. pluggedC. ope

31、nedD. played17. A. townB. areaC. buildingD. courtyard18. A. ProperlyB. ExactlyC. CorrectlyD. Prettily19. A. recoverB. reuseC. repairD. reduce20. A. menB. womenC. peopleD. families三、閱讀理解。ASINGAPORE-Another Thai worker died in his sleep last Friday, the second such mysterious death in the past three d

32、ays and the 10th since the beginning of the year. Thongchai Sombattra, 22, is said to be the youngest to have died mysteriously this year. A total of 10 young Thai construction workers in their late 20s or 30s who appeared well and healthy when they went to bed have died since the beginning of this

33、year. They were either found dead in the morning or had died suddenly in the middle of the night after some difficulty in breathing. (From China Daily, March 19, 1990)1. Thongchai Sombattra died _. A. in his 30sB. in his early 20sC. of lung troubleD. on Friday morning2. The workers died because _. A

34、. they went to bed late B. they are mysterious C. they had trouble in breathing D. of a terrible diseaseBThe money for the space program of the United States has been questioned by some people. There are suggestions that the money could be better spent elsewhere. Some people believe that the Apollo

35、to the moon could have been better and more cheaply done by robots. Their arguments may have some value. It is true, however, that never in history was mankind so united or so focused on one event as when Neil A. Armstrong climbed down a ladder from the Apollo and stepped onto the moon. The effect o

36、f feelings of this event is something to be considered when we look at the space program. President Nixon spoke these words to the astronauts, “ all the people on this earth are truly one - one in the pride in what you have done .” “We came in peace of all mankind.” These words give noble ideas that

37、 we on earth must try to achieve in our daily lives. Perhaps the writer Archibald Macleish made the best comment as to what the moon flight - Apollo might mean for all mankind. He wrote that to see the earth as it truly is, small and beautiful, to see ourselves as brothers, brothers who know they ar

38、e truly brothers.3. The writer believes that _. A. the space program is worthless B. President Nixon made the best comment about the Apollo C. The effect of feelings of the event of the moon landing is important in judging its cost D. Archibald Macleish is a great writer4. The writer suggests that _

39、. A. the space flight should be questioned B. all the people on the earth watch TV C. the moon flight may help us to see ourselves as brothers D. the astronauts came in peace5. The word “elsewhere” in the passage means _. A. other programB. other countryC. other placeD. other stateCThe story of the

40、Kennedy brothers is rather like one of those songs which children sing happily and which end up with the shout, “And then there none.”The eldest brother was killed in the war, John was shot in Dallas in 1963, Robert was murdered in 1968, and Edwards chances of becoming president may have died when h

41、is car had an accident, killing the passenger.The four boys were brought up by their father to do and fight for nothing but the best, whether on the games field or in political life. He managed to give them so much ambition(雄心) and energy that only since the youngest brother found his political deat

42、h, have people begun to ask themselves, “Why did we look on the Kennedys as the family chosen to lead the USA to a better future?”In fact, John and Robert had both shown their ability and courage in international politics and their work for civil rights, and Edward had a good record as senator(上議員);

43、 but so had many other people. Only history will show how much of the Kennedy story was built on fact and how much on the famous family name. 6. The best title for the article is _. A. Political MurderB. The Best Family of USA C. A Famous Family NameD. The Kennedy Brother7. From the article we know

44、that old Kennedy taught his sons _. A. to aim high and try to achieve great success B. to fight for everything C. to try their best to be good citizens D. not to waste so much of their energy in fighting8. According to the article, Edward Kennedy _. A. was the oldest of the four brothersB. liked to

45、sing childrens song C. died in a hospital soon after the car accidentD. was active in political life9. Which of the following is wrong? A. Two of the brothers were murdered in the 1960s. B. Edward was elected president of the US. C. The father raised the boys by teaching them what to struggle for. D. People used to think highly of the Kennedy brothe