[全套]初中英語中考復(fù)習(xí)資料

1、初中英語中考復(fù)習(xí)資料目 錄第一篇詞法2一、 名詞2二、冠詞9三、代詞14四、形容詞、副詞 24五、連詞38七、數(shù)i57第二篇句法81一、主要句式81二、定語從句90三、常見習(xí)慣用語94四、完形填空與閱讀105附錄117中學(xué)生英語學(xué)習(xí)常見錯(cuò)誤一覽表 117A 117B 123C128D 133E 136F 139H 1451149J 150K 151L152M 156N 159P 163S168V176W 177Y 179第一篇詞法一、名詞(一)知識概要名詞的概念在不同的語法教課書中有不同的解釋和分類方法，但就實(shí)際應(yīng)用來講還是不 要過分地追求其理論概念，而更多的要把注意力放在其應(yīng)用上來。我們不妨

2、把它分為兩大類: 專有名詞與普通名詞。顧名思義，專有名詞是指：個(gè)人、事物、機(jī)關(guān)等所專有的名稱，如， the Great Wall, America它們是不能隨意變動(dòng)的。而普通名詞中則包括個(gè)體名詞，如pen, worker它表示單一的個(gè)體人或事物；集體名詞，如：family,class, leam,它表示的是由若 干個(gè)個(gè)體組成的集合體；物質(zhì)名詞，如：water,p叩er它表示的是種物質(zhì)，原材料；而后 一種是抽象名詞，如:work, time它表示著一種在實(shí)際生活中看不見、摸不到，但卻與實(shí)際 生活緊密相關(guān)的某些動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)的抽象概念。見下表。名詞一覽表種類專有名詞London, John, t

3、he Communist Party of China普 通名詞 類名詞 nurse, boy, worker, pencil, dog, table集體名詞 class, family, army, police, team, people物質(zhì)名詞 water, steel, glass, cotton, wood, sand抽象名詞 happiness, love, work, life, courage, honest功用主語 My family is now in New York.表語 His father is a scientist.賓語 We love our great mo

4、therland.賓語補(bǔ)足語 He made London the base for his work.定語 The girls are making paper flowesrs.狀語 The car cost him 1000 dollars.同位語 Mr Brown, a famous scientist, will come here.名詞在使用中的難點(diǎn)在于名詞的數(shù)，即可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞的實(shí)際應(yīng)用。不可數(shù)名詞不能 用數(shù)字計(jì)算，所以它通常只有單數(shù)形式。它包含有專有名詞、物質(zhì)名詞、抽象名詞等，如： Eng1ish,air,water,cotton,work可數(shù)名詞是可以用數(shù)量加以計(jì)算的名

5、詞，所以它具有單數(shù)形式 和復(fù)數(shù)形式兩種?？蓴?shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成規(guī)律是：1 .一般情況加s,如：pen一pens, doctordoctors,boy一boys,其讀音規(guī)則是在清輔音后讀s,在元音和濁輔音后讀zo如:mapmap , boyboys.2 .在以s,sh,ch,x結(jié)尾的名詞后面加es,如：bus一buses,class一classes,其讀音為izo3 .以ce,se,ze,(d)ge結(jié)尾的名詞加s,其讀音為iz。4 .以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞，要將y變?yōu)閕再加es,讀作z,如：factoryfactories,country 一countries, familyfamilies.

6、但要注意的是以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式只加s, 如:boy一boys,day一days。5 .以。結(jié)尾的名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式般要加es,但如果。前面是元音字母或外來詞，縮寫詞以 o 結(jié)尾的貝I只力口 s 如：tomatotomatoes,heroheroes;photophotos,radioradios,piano pianos6 .以f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式要將f或fe變?yōu)関再加es,如：knifeknives, leafleaves, 但有些例外的詞如roof的第數(shù)形式是roofso7 .不規(guī)則名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式是要單個(gè)記憶的，它沒有規(guī)律可循，如:manmen,woman一women,

7、 child一children, foot一feet,tooth一teeth, mouse一mice8 .單復(fù)同形的名詞有：fish, sheep,deer-9 .單數(shù)形式但其意為復(fù)數(shù)的名詞有:people,police等。 名詞還有格的變化，其主格可作主 語，賓格可作賓語。還有所有格，用來表示人或物的所有，以及領(lǐng)屬關(guān)系。表示有生命的名 詞的所有格其單數(shù)形式是加，S其復(fù)數(shù)形式是S如其結(jié)尾不是S的復(fù)數(shù)形式仍加，如：a students room, students* rooms, Childrens Day.在表示時(shí)間、距離、世界、國家名詞的所有格要用s,如：a twenty minutes w

8、alk.但無生命名詞的所有格則必須用of結(jié)構(gòu),如：lhe capital of our country, the colour of the flowers（二）正誤辨析誤Please give me a paper.正Please give me a piece of paper.析不要認(rèn)為可以數(shù)的名詞就是可數(shù)名詞，這種原因是對英語中可數(shù)與不可數(shù)名詞的概念 與中文中的能數(shù)與不能數(shù)相混淆了，所以造成了這樣的錯(cuò)誤，因p叩er在英語中是屬于物質(zhì) 名詞一類，是不可數(shù)名詞。而不可數(shù)名詞要表達(dá)數(shù)量時(shí)，要用與之相關(guān)的量詞來表達(dá)，如： two pieces of paper.誤Please give me

9、two letter papers.正Please give me two pieces of letter paper.析paper作為紙講是不可數(shù)名詞，而作為報(bào)紙、考卷、文章講時(shí)則是可數(shù)名詞，如：Each student should write a paper on what he has learnt.誤 My glasses is broken.正 My glasses are broken.誤I want to buy two shoes.正I want to buy two pairs of shoes.析英語中g(shù)lasses一眼鏡，shoes一鞋，trousers一褲子等山兩部

10、分組成的名詞一般要用復(fù) 數(shù)形式。如果要表示一副眼鏡應(yīng)用a pair of glasses而這時(shí)的謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與量詞相一致。如： This pair of glasses is very good.誤May I borrow two radioes?正May I borrow two radios?析以。結(jié)尾的名詞大都是用加es來表示其復(fù)數(shù)形式，但如果。前面是一個(gè)元音字母或 外來語時(shí)則只力Is就可以了。這樣的訶有zoozoos,pianopianos.誤This is a Marys dictionary.lE This is Marys dictionary.析如名詞前有指示代詞this, th

11、at, these those,及其他修飾詞our,some, every, which,或所 有格時(shí)，則不要再加冠詞。誤There are much people in the garden.iK There are many people in the garden.析可數(shù)名詞前應(yīng)用many, few, a few, a lot of來修飾，而people是可數(shù)名詞,而且是復(fù)數(shù) 名詞，如：The people are planting trees here.誤I want a few water.正I want a little water.析不可數(shù)名詞前可以用a little, litt

12、le, a lot of, some來修飾，但不可用many,few來修飾。誤Thank you very much. Your family is very kind to me.正Thank you very much. Your family are very kind to me.誤 Toms and Marys family are waiting for us.正Toms and Marys families are waiting for us.誤Im sorry. I have to go. Toms families are waiting for me.正Im sorry.

13、 I have to go. Toms family are waiting for me.析集合名詞如果指某個(gè)集合的整體，則應(yīng)視為單數(shù)，如指某個(gè)集合體中的個(gè)體則應(yīng)視為 復(fù)數(shù)。如:My family is a big family. When I came in, Toms family were watching TV.即湯姆一 家人正在看電視。這樣的集合名詞有：family class, team等。誤Don*t eat too much meats.正 Dont eat too much meat.誤Food in that restaurant is very good.iE The

14、food in that restaurant is very good.析物質(zhì)名詞是不可數(shù)名詞，在使用中不可以加s,即它沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。也不可加不定冠 詞。但如果用于特指某一物質(zhì)時(shí)可以加定冠詞。11 ： I dont like drinking coffee, but the coffee in that cup is really good.誤Please give me two waters.正Please give me two glasses of water.lE Please give me two coffees.析物質(zhì)名詞如要加計(jì)量時(shí)，一定要加量詞，如：two cups of

15、tea,two glasses of water,a glass of milk,a loaf of bread, a piece of bread,a box of sugar,a bowl of rice,a bottle of orange, a bag of earth例： Ill tell you a piece of good news.但只有 coffee 可以用 coffees 來取代 many cups of coffee.誤 Can you give me the newspaper of today?正Can you give me todays newspaper?析加

16、s構(gòu)成所有格的名詞一般應(yīng)指有生命的人或物。如：Mary,s hair,但在英文的習(xí)慣 用法中對時(shí)間、距離等名詞的所有格多用 來構(gòu)成而不用of結(jié)構(gòu)。如：a five minutes* walk.誤Please make a room for the lady in the school bus.正Please make room for the lady in the school bus.析英語中更多的名詞是含有多種用法和多種含意的，如：room為可數(shù)名詞時(shí)為“房間”，如：I live in Room 5,而room為抽象名詞時(shí)為空間上面 一句話應(yīng)譯為“請給老婦人在校車上留個(gè)地方?！边@樣的詞還

17、有：glass玻璃glasses眼鏡stone 石頭a stone 一塊石頭time時(shí)間two times兩次wood木頭woods樹林誤 There is a flowers garden behind my house.正There is a flower garden behind my house.析名詞除了在句中作主語、賓語、表語外，還可以用來修飾另一個(gè)名詞，這時(shí)作修飾詞 的名詞一般要用單數(shù)形式，如：shoe factory （鞋廠）,posl office（郵局）,evening paper （晚報(bào)）,nighl school （夜校）,head master （校長）,a law

18、 school （法律學(xué)院）。但也有例外，如:a goods train（貨 車）,sports meeting （運(yùn)動(dòng)會）。誤 My mother bought two fishes for supper this morning.正 My mother bought two fish for supper this morning.析英語中有些名詞單復(fù)同形,如：fish, deer, sheep, Chinese仲國人），means （方法）。所 以應(yīng)講 one fish, two fish, one Chinese, two Chinese.如果講 There are five fish

19、es in the pool.應(yīng) 譯為池中有五種魚而不是五條魚。誤 Mary expressed her thank to her boy friend.正 Mary expressed her thanks to her boy friend.析英語中有些名詞只有復(fù)數(shù)形式，如：thanks, greens,而有些詞單數(shù)形式與復(fù)數(shù)形式 有不同的詞意。如:clothes為衣服，而cloth則是布，sand沙子,而sands是沙灘。誤I offered my son my congratulation on his success.I offered my son my congratulatio

20、ns on his success.析英語中表示祝賀的詞雖有單數(shù)形式，但一般要用其復(fù)數(shù)形式。如握手為shake hands.誤 We have five German in this meeting.正 We have five Germans in this meeting.析英國人Englishman的復(fù)數(shù)形式為Englishmen,而German則要加s,因?yàn)樗皇巧絿?名與man的組合詞。誤 There are two As in this word.正There are two As in this word.析在大寫字母縮寫形式的復(fù)數(shù)表達(dá)法中應(yīng)加s,但如字母是A、I時(shí)，為了防止與A

21、s和Is相混,則要用二即As, Is誤 There are three 6s and two 3s in my telephone number.正There are three 6*s and two 3*s in my telephone number.析在小寫字母與數(shù)字的復(fù)數(shù)形式表達(dá)法中要用s誤 Wc have many woman teachers in our school.正 We have many women teachers in our school.析一般組合名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式時(shí)只將詞中心詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)如：half brotherhalf brothers（同父異母或同母異父的

22、兄弟）daughter in lawdaughtersin law,（兒媳） 但要注意 的是：man drivermen drivers（男 司機(jī)）woman doctorwomen doctors（女大 夫）grown upgrown ups（成年人）但是 boy student一則變?yōu)?boy students誤Physics are very difficult to learn.1E Physics is very difficult to learn.析雖以s結(jié)尾但只能用作單數(shù)名詞有：科學(xué)，學(xué)科名字：Physics. Mathematics politics 游戲名稱：bowls專有

23、名稱：Niagara Falls（尼亞加拉瀑布）其他名訶：news（消息，新聞）誤There is a people in the room.il： There is a person in the room.正There is a man in the room.析people是復(fù)數(shù)名i司,不可用作單數(shù)，如要用來講一個(gè)人時(shí)應(yīng)用a person, a man, a woman。同樣的詞有police.要講一個(gè)警察時(shí)則要用a policeman, a policewomano誤Where is my shoe?正Where are my shoes?析常常只用作復(fù)數(shù)形式的詞有trousers,

24、pants, shorts（短褲），socks（襪子）,shoes, gloves（手 套）。但如果只找其中的一個(gè)則要指明，這時(shí)還是應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。如：Wheres my left glove?（lfe 左手的手套在哪?）誤I paid five pennies for the sweet.正I paid five pence for the sweet.析英語中便士有兩個(gè)復(fù)數(shù)形式pence用來表達(dá)定數(shù)量的錢。而pennies是指個(gè)個(gè)的 硬幣，如：I want to change this note for pennies.我想把這紙幣換成硬幣。（即一便士一個(gè)的硬 幣）。誤 There are

25、many fruit in the shop.正There are many fruits in the shop.析物質(zhì)名詞為不可數(shù)名詞，但是用來表示種類時(shí)則可以用作可數(shù)名詞，這里應(yīng)譯為各種 各樣的水果。誤 There is a new car. It is Jone*s and Marys.正There is a new car. Il is Jone and Marys.析有生命名詞的所有格，如果是單數(shù)名詞則加s如：Marys car.如果是以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù) 名詞則只在s后面加如：teachersoffices.如果是復(fù)數(shù)名詞但不是以s結(jié)尾,則只加s,如： childrens palace

26、組合名詞的所有格是在最后一個(gè)詞尾加k如:girl friend girl friends someone elsesomeone else*s a week or three一a week or threes 如名詞后有同位語時(shí)，則應(yīng)加 在同位語的詞尾上，$11： It is my girl friend, Marys car.要注意的是當(dāng)兩個(gè)名詞并列時(shí)，如表 示歸兩人共同所有，則在最后一個(gè)名詞后面加&如果表示分別所有則在兩個(gè)名詞后分別加 ,s,如：This is Mary and Jones home.即Mary與Jone是一家人。這是他們共同的家。而These are Marys and

27、Jones homes.則應(yīng)譯為這里是Mary的家與Jone的家。誤It is really beautiful. It is a work of nature.正It is really beautiful. It is a Natures work.析無生命名詞的所有格應(yīng)用of結(jié)構(gòu)。但是s形式的所有格可用于以下無生命的名詞： 表示時(shí)間的詞:todays newspaper, a twenty minutes* walk, an hours, rest 表示長度的詞：three metres* distance, a boats length, twenty miles journey 表示

28、重量的名訶：two pounds* weight 價(jià)格名詞：two dollarsorth擬人化的名詞：Natures work, natures lesson（大自然的教訓(xùn)I）及 國家、機(jī)關(guān)、團(tuán)體、城市等機(jī)構(gòu)性名詞：the university、library誤 He is an old friend of my father.正 He is an old friend of my fathers.析這是英語中的一種習(xí)慣用法而不要根據(jù)語法去推理。如：This pen is Toms.誤 My father is a good cooke匚正My father is a good cook.析

29、一般動(dòng)i司加上er后則轉(zhuǎn)意為執(zhí)行該動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,如:teach（教）一teacher（老師）,think（想） 一thinker（思想家）,drive（開車）-driver（司機(jī)）,sell（賣）一seller（賣物者） 但不能總是以此類 推，比如cook是動(dòng)詞“做飯二而cook也可作為名詞“廚師”講，而cooker則為廚具，餐 具，即鍋、碗、勺等做飯用具。誤 The young is dancing there.正The young are dancing there.析英文中用定冠訶加上形容詞表示一類人時(shí)應(yīng)按復(fù)數(shù)名詞，如：the rich富人，the poor（窮 人）,lhe wise聰

30、明人，但如果用定冠詞加形容詞來表示事物則要用作單數(shù)名詞，如：The beautiful is still here.美麗的風(fēng)景依舊。誤The stories of the book was written many years ago.iK The stories of the book were written many years ago.析這句話的真正主語應(yīng)是siories,所以應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)謂語動(dòng)詞。誤 This is one of the English Chinese dictionary.正This is one of the English Chinese dictionaries.

31、析one of意為“之一，of后面的名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。誤Lets go to uncle Wang for supper.正Lets go to uncle Wangs for supper.析uncle Wangs意為“王叔叔家”，docto意為“醫(yī)院或私人診所”。誤I think we will make a friend with each other.IE I think we will make friends with each other.析make friends為習(xí)慣用法，即交朋友。誤I want to tell you much pieces of good news.lE

32、 1 want to tell you many pieces of good news.析news為不可數(shù)名詞，但加了量詞之后則要用many來修飾量詞，因量詞是可數(shù)名詞， 或可以說I want to tell you some good news.因some即可用在可數(shù)名詞前，也可用在不可數(shù) 名詞前作形容詞，如：I want to tell you some pieces of good news.誤 The teacher with five students are coming here.正The teacher with five students is coming here.析要

33、注意由with引出的介詞短語不是本句的主語，這與連詞and有很大的區(qū)別，如： The teacher and five students are coming here.這里由介詞引出的短語僅僅是teacher的修飾 語。誤There are a lot of information here, but we dont need them.il： There is a lot of information here, but we dont need it.析information為不可數(shù)名詞，而用作代替它的詞要用it而不能用them.誤 Many a student make the sam

34、e mistake in the exam.正 Many a student makes the same mistake in the exam.析many a加可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，作主語時(shí)其謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式，但其意為許多學(xué)生。誤The children wear very good cloth to go to school today.iK The children wear very good clothes to go to school today.析英文中cloth,clothes,clothing是易混之詞：cloth是物質(zhì)名詞，意為“布”,沒有復(fù)數(shù)形 式，而clothing是指

35、衣物的總稱，也沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。clothes是指衣服，但沒有單數(shù)形式，如： This clothing is needed in warm countries. Her clothes are made of fine clolh.英文中的 dress 貝ij指 較正規(guī)的服裝,如：a school dress校服,an evening dress晚禮服。誤I like to study the English.L 1E I like to study English.析作為一種學(xué)科名詞前不要用冠詞，而作為某一特指學(xué)科則要加冠詞，如：I like to study history. I like

36、to study the history of America.誤The Browns is going to visit China.il： The Browns are going to visit China.析定冠詞加姓加s,則意為“Brown先生一家人二所以應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)謂語動(dòng)詞。此句應(yīng)譯 為：Brown先生一家將要訪問中國。（三）例題解析1 . Lucy and Lily in the same class.A. am B. is C. are D. be答案C.析由and連接兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)應(yīng)按復(fù)數(shù)名詞來搭配謂語動(dòng)詞。2 . Which is the to the bus stop

37、, please?A road B way C street D address答案B.析這是考察同意詞辨析，road是指較寬闊的大道，意為“鄉(xiāng)間公路”，而street意為道 路兩邊的建筑物較高，可視為街道之意，而way則多為要到達(dá)某地所要經(jīng)過的途徑，還可 引深為方式、方法。而 address 則為地址如：There is a car running along the country road.I live at 105 Park street. Can you show me the way to the National Museum?3 . Hurry up!There is time

38、 left.A little B a little C few D a few答案A.析因time作為時(shí)間講為不可數(shù)名詞，所以不可用few, a few來修飾。另外，英文的表 達(dá)法與中文不同，中文講，快點(diǎn)，時(shí)間不多了，而英文要講，快點(diǎn)，沒時(shí)間了。因此，要用 little 而不用 a little.4 . How many can you see in the picture?A tomatos B tomatoes C tomato D the tomato答案B.析用How many提問時(shí)，其名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，而tomato的復(fù)數(shù)要加es.5 . is the meat. Please? T

39、en yuan a kilo.A How much B How many C How old D How long答案A.析由對話的答語可看出其問句問的是價(jià)格。錢數(shù)作為整體、價(jià)格講時(shí)，不論其值是多少 都是不可數(shù)名詞，要用how much提問。6 The boys name is James Allen Green. So his given name is.A James Allen B Allen Green C James Green D Mr. Green答案A.析英文的習(xí)慣與中文不同，中文是姓在前名字在后，而英文則是姓在最后，其第一個(gè)名 字是由父母所起的，中間的名字可能是父母、教父所起

40、的，但都可稱作given name,而姓在 英文中是family name.7 Shanghai is one of the biggest in our country.A city B citys C citys D cities答案D.析復(fù)音字母以y結(jié)尾的單詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式要把y變成i再加es。one of加名詞的結(jié)構(gòu)中的 名詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。8 Would you please pass me?A two paperB two papersC two pieces of paper D two pieces of papers答案C.析paper是不可數(shù)名詞，如講一張、兩張紙時(shí)，要用量詞piec

41、e.9 September 10th is Day.A Teacher B Teachers C Teachers D Teachers*答案D.10 I only have bread for lunch today.A a bit B a bit of C little D few答案B.11 What would you like, Ann? ” I d like two. ”A glass of milk B glasses of milkC glass of milks D glasses of milks答案B.12 There isnt paper in the box. Wil

42、l you go and get for me?A any, someB any, any C some, some D some, any答案A,析any用于否定句與疑問句，但如果要表達(dá)說話者真心實(shí)意希望得到肯定答復(fù)時(shí)，問句 中要用some而不要按一般語法規(guī)律用any.13 June 1st is.A Childrens day B childrens DayC Childrens Day D childrens day 答案C.14 These foreign friends are.A German B Germen C Germany D Germans答案D.15 All the s

43、tudents are busy, so of them will go to the cinema.A many B little C a few D few答案D.析student是可數(shù)名詞，而few用于可數(shù)名詞，意為：幾乎沒有學(xué)生去電影院。16 There are three and seven in the picture.A deers, sheeps B deers, sheepC deer, sheep Ddeer, sheeps答案c.析deer與sheep均是單復(fù)同形的名詞。17 Whose room is this? Its.A my B Kikes and JohnsC

44、our D Kike and Johns答案D.析因?yàn)閞oom為單數(shù)，所以不可能是Kike的一間與John的一間，應(yīng)為二者共用的一間 房子。二、冠詞(一)知識概要冠詞在英語中只有3個(gè)詞，分為兩類：不定冠詞a與an,定冠詞the。a用在以輔音開始的 單數(shù)名詞前，an用于以元音開始的單詞前。不定冠詞用來表示一類事物中泛指的某一事物， 而定冠詞則用于特指的某一個(gè)或某些事物，可用于不可數(shù)名詞、可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)及可數(shù)名詞復(fù) 數(shù)前。(-)正誤辨析誤This building is an university.正This building is a university.析a用于以輔音音素開始的單詞前，而an用

45、于以元音音素開始的單詞前而不是元音 字母開頭的單詞前。university的第一個(gè)音素是j,所以用a而不要用an。又如：There is an in the word.是錯(cuò)句,應(yīng)為：There is an n in Ihe word,因字母n的發(fā)音的第一個(gè)音素 是元音。要注意的還有hour因其第一個(gè)字母h不發(fā)音，所以應(yīng)該用an hour。例如：I need an hour to finish the work.It is a useful dictionary.It is a European country.I bought a used car.誤I need a umbrella bec

46、ause it looks like raining.正I need an umbrella because it looks like raining.析因umbrella的第一個(gè)音素是元音,所以應(yīng)用an,常用的情況有:an old man, an English teacher, an elephant, an idea, an hour ago, an honest boy。誤 Can you help me “ Sorry, Im in hurry.”iE Can you help me “ Sorry. Im in a hurry.n析不定冠詞的主要用法如卜.：1 .用來表示一類人或

47、事物,如:She is a teacher.2 .指某一類人或事物中的一個(gè)，如：An elephant is bigger than a horse.3 .泛指某一人或事物，如：A man is waiting for you at the school gate.4 .相當(dāng)于 “one” 的概念，： I just bought a new dictionary.5 .其主要的難點(diǎn)是用在固定詞組中：如：have a walk/a rest /a look又如：in a hurry匆匆忙忙make a face作鬼臉do somebody a favour 幫某人忙a number of =ma

48、ny又如:have a good time （玩得好）have a cold （感冒）have a headache （頭痛）have a break=have a rest誤I bought the dictionary yesterday. A dictionary is very good.正I bought a dictionary yesterday. The dictionary is very good.析在文章中第一次提到某物時(shí)用不定冠詞，而第二次提到時(shí)用定冠詞。誤Please turn off lights before you leave.1E Please turn of

49、f the lights before you leave.析雖然是第一次提到某物但說話雙方均知其所指，也應(yīng)用定冠詞。誤 There are nine planets around a sun.正There are nine planets around the sun.析世上獨(dú)一無二的天體等名詞前應(yīng)加定冠詞，如：the earth, the moon, the sun, the sky, the sea.誤I live on a second floor of this building.IE I live on the second floor of this building.析在序數(shù)詞

50、,形容詞最高級前要用定冠詞。如：He is the oldest in the family.誤I want to learn the second language this term.正I want to learn a second language this term.析在序數(shù)詞的含意不是順序中的第一第二，而其意在于再學(xué)一個(gè)，再來一個(gè)時(shí)，應(yīng)用a, 本句的意思應(yīng)為：這學(xué)期我要學(xué)一門第二外語。誤 Mississippi is one of the longest rivers in the world.正 The Mississippi is one of the longest rive

51、rs in the world.析在河流名稱前應(yīng)加定冠詞，如：the Yellow Ri ver（黃河）。誤Look, there are Alp.誤Look, there are the Alp.正Look, there are the Alps.析具體的某一座山不加定冠詞，如：MounlainTai,但在山名稱前加定冠詞后，其山名要 加s,來表示山脈。the Alps即為阿爾卑斯山脈。如:The Alps are in the center of Europe.誤Times is one of the oldest newspapers in the world.iK The Times

52、is one of the oldest newspapers in the world.析報(bào)刊名稱前應(yīng)加定冠詞。誤 Rich are not always happy.正The rich are not always happy.析在形容詞前加定冠詞表示一類人，而在姓的前面加定冠詞，姓后加s表示某一家，如： The turners are going to move to New York.誤I like to eat bread for breakfast. Bread sells in this shop is very good.IE I like to eat bread for b

53、reakfast. The bread sells in this shop is very good.析物質(zhì)名詞特指時(shí)也應(yīng)加定冠詞。誤The sun rises in east.正 The sun rises in the east.析在方向、方位前應(yīng)用定冠詞，如：in the east, in the west, in the north, in the south, in the direction 及 in the past, in the future誤 Do you know who invented telephone正 Do you know who invented the

54、telephone析在特定和專有事物或名稱前要加定冠詞，如：the English Channel英吉利海峽the Panama Canal巴拿馬運(yùn)河the Suez Canal 蘇伊士運(yùn)河誤 Would you please buy some food for the supper正 Would you please buy some food for supper析泛指一日三餐前無定冠詞。誤I like to climb the mountain in the autumn.IE I like to climb the mountain in autumn.析一年四季前不用定冠詞,如：Sp

55、ring is the best season in a year.誤Sometimes my parents come to school to see me.正Sometimes my parents come to the school to see me.析有些名詞被用作其本身原來所含目的時(shí)不加冠詞，如:go to school上學(xué),leave school（輟 學(xué)），after school（放學(xué)），但如果當(dāng)建筑物講時(shí)應(yīng)加冠詞，如例句中其父母來校不是上學(xué)，而 是看望孩子，則要加定冠詞。又如，He was in hospital for two days.（他在醫(yī)院住院兩天了。） 而：He went to the hospital to see his mother.他去醫(yī)院看望他的母親。誤I bought a same dictionary as she bought.lE 1 bought the same dictionary as she bought.析