四六級(jí)翻譯之詞性轉(zhuǎn)換法

1、漢語：漢語：短句密集，動(dòng)詞使用頻率較高。多呈現(xiàn)動(dòng)態(tài)性。英語：英語：多為長句，用一個(gè)實(shí)義動(dòng)詞表達(dá)最主要的動(dòng)作含義，其他動(dòng)作含義借用動(dòng)詞不定式、分詞、名詞、形容詞、介詞、副詞等來表達(dá)。多呈現(xiàn)靜態(tài)性。1. 動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)譯 1.1 漢語動(dòng)詞(短語)英語名詞(短語) 1.2 漢語動(dòng)詞(短語)英語介詞(短語)2. 名詞的轉(zhuǎn)譯3. 形容詞的轉(zhuǎn)譯漢語動(dòng)詞(短語)英語名詞(短語)例1：上海的發(fā)展，從一個(gè)側(cè)面反映了中國所發(fā)生的巨大變化。The development of Shanghai is one reflection of the tremendous changes that have taken plac

2、e in China.例2：中國人重視孝道，是由于在傳統(tǒng)上不看重功利。Chinese peoples emphasis on filial piety is attributable to their traditional neglect of material gain.漢語動(dòng)詞(短語)英語介詞(短語)例1：和其他許多女孩一樣，她一見到蛇就感到一陣驚慌。Like many other girls, she feels a wave of panic at the sight of snake.例2：秋天，菊花不怕風(fēng)霜，不怕嚴(yán)寒，傲然開放。In autumn, the chrysanthem

3、ums bloom proudly against wind, frost, and bitter cold. 在漢譯英的過程中，漢語動(dòng)詞發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)譯的情況較為普遍。但為了保持譯文的順暢和地道，也有將漢語名詞轉(zhuǎn)移為英語動(dòng)詞或其他詞類的情況。例：按照古人的說法，四季的特征是“春生，夏長，秋收，冬藏”。According to traditional proverbs, the four seasons are characterized by different events: birth in spring, growth in summer, harvest in autumn and stor

4、age in winter. 英語中對(duì)抽象名詞的使用較多，漢譯英時(shí)有時(shí)需要將具體的形容詞轉(zhuǎn)移為抽象名詞。例：除夕的時(shí)候，所有出門的人一定要趕回家吃年夜飯，全家團(tuán)圓，屋子里充滿了歡樂的氣氛。Those away from home will return for a family reunion dinner on New Years Eve with happiness pervading the home.種花賞花 種花和賞花是中國人日常的消遣。一年四季中，有許多種花兒先后開放。中國人最愛的花兒，有牡丹、荷花、菊花、梅花。春天是牡丹盛開的時(shí)節(jié)。夏天荷花盛開，它雖然從污泥中生長出來，卻是純潔芳

5、香，很像高尚的君子。秋風(fēng)吹起，樹上的葉子落了，只有菊花不怕風(fēng)霜，傲然開放。在冰天雪地的冬天，沒有一點(diǎn)兒生氣，梅花仍然在風(fēng)雪中盛放。梅花最能代表中國人不屈不撓的精神。Planting and Admiring FlowersPlanting and Admiring Flowers Planting and admiring flowers are a daily-life recreation of Chinese people. Many kinds of flowers appear in successive bloom through the seasons. Some of the

6、favorite flowers in China are peonies, lotuses, chrysanthemums and plum blossoms. Spring is the ideal time for peonies. In summer, lotuses are in full bloom, pure and fragrant like noble gentlemen, though they emerge from the dirty mud. When the autumn wind b l o w s o f f t h e l e a v e s , t h e chrysanthemums bloom proudly against wind and frost. In the lifeless winter world of ice and snow, plum blossoms are in full