新概念第二冊(cè)第78課

1、.N New Concept E English2Lesson 78The Last One?.Words entitle calm nerve concentration suffer symptom temper appetite produce urge satisfaction delighted v. 以以為名為名 v. 使鎮(zhèn)定使鎮(zhèn)定 n. 神經(jīng)神經(jīng) n. 集中，專心集中，專心 v. 受苦，受害受苦，受害 n. 癥狀癥狀 n. 脾氣脾氣 n. 胃口，食欲胃口，食欲 v. 拿出拿出 v. 力勸，慫恿力勸，慫恿 n. 滿意，滿足滿意，滿足 adj. 欣喜的欣喜的. entitle v.

2、以以.為名；為名；授權(quán)授權(quán) if something entitles you to something, it gives you the official right to have or do it那本小說被命名為傲慢與偏見。 The novel is entitled Pride and Prejudice. 這個(gè)執(zhí)照授權(quán)你可以賣藥。 This license entitles you to sell drug. Women employees are entitled to a maternity leave of three months.女性員工有權(quán)利休三個(gè)月的產(chǎn)假。 be en

3、titled to (do) sth.對(duì).享有權(quán)利, 值得; 有(做某事)的資格權(quán)利記憶: en動(dòng)詞前綴，使.+ title標(biāo)題 = 使有標(biāo)題）. calm v. 使鎮(zhèn)定；I gave the frightened child some candies to calm him.我給那個(gè)嚇壞了的小孩一些糖果使他安靜下來。 adj. 平靜的；After a night of storm, the sea is now calm.一夜暴風(fēng)雨過后，大海現(xiàn)在很平靜。詞組拓展： keep calm保持鎮(zhèn)定 calm down鎮(zhèn)定下來 calm before the storm暴風(fēng)雨前的平靜相關(guān)表達(dá)： ca

4、lmness n.平靜, 冷靜, 鎮(zhèn)靜詞義辨析： calm, peaceful, quiet, still calm (relaxed and quiet, not angry, nervous, or upset)主要用于氣候、海洋“風(fēng)平浪靜的”，也可指人表示“安靜的”、“鎮(zhèn)靜的” The sky is blue, and the sea is calm.天空碧蘭，海上風(fēng)平浪靜。 Although she was frightened, she answered with a calm voice.雖然她害怕，但還是用平靜的聲音回答。. 幾個(gè)意思相近的詞：幾個(gè)意思相近的詞： Peaceful

5、(a peaceful time, place, or situation is quiet and calm without any worry or excitement)指“和平的”表示“沒有騷擾和戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的”，如： a peaceful environment和平環(huán)境。 quiet (not making much noise, or making no noise at all)指“ 沒有吵鬧聲的”、“ 沒有噪音的”,它強(qiáng)調(diào)“聲音很低、很少” 或“全然無聲”, 如: He had a quiet life.他過著寧靜的生活。 still (quiet and calm)指“沒聲音的”、“

6、沒動(dòng)靜的”, 如: the still hours before dawn黎明前的寂靜時(shí)刻。. nerve n. 神經(jīng)神經(jīng) EE英譯：英譯：the feeling of being nervous because you are worried or a little frightened他在演講的時(shí)候緊張死了。他在演講的時(shí)候緊張死了。 He was a bundle of nerves when making the speech.我喝了一大杯啤酒來鎮(zhèn)定我的神經(jīng)。我喝了一大杯啤酒來鎮(zhèn)定我的神經(jīng)。 I drank a large glass of beer to calm my nerves.

7、 詞組拓展：詞組拓展： get on sb.s nerves使人心煩不安；使使人心煩不安；使人心神不定人心神不定 strain every nerve竭盡全力竭盡全力相關(guān)表達(dá)：相關(guān)表達(dá)：nervous adj.神經(jīng)緊張的，不安的神經(jīng)緊張的，不安的. concentration n. 集中，專心周圍這么多噪音，我?guī)缀醪荒軐Ｐ淖x書。周圍這么多噪音，我?guī)缀醪荒軐Ｐ淖x書。 I can hardly concentrate on reading with all that noise around.作為一個(gè)同聲傳譯工作者，我必須非常集中精神作為一個(gè)同聲傳譯工作者，我必須非常集中精神地聽和翻譯。地聽和翻譯

8、。 As a simultaneous translator I must listen and translate with great concentration.相關(guān)表達(dá)：相關(guān)表達(dá)： concentrate v. 集中集中記憶點(diǎn)撥：記憶點(diǎn)撥： con（全部）（全部）centr（中心）（中心）ation（名詞后綴）（全部在中心）（名詞后綴）（全部在中心）. suffer v. 受苦，受害；受苦，受害； EE：to experience physical or mental pain to be in a very bad situation that makes things very d

9、ifficult for you （受損失）（受損失） 我有嚴(yán)重的頭疼病。我有嚴(yán)重的頭疼病。 I have been suffering from a bad headache.我的奶奶突然就去世了，沒受什么痛苦。我的奶奶突然就去世了，沒受什么痛苦。 My grandmother died suddenly and didnt suffer. The enemy forces suffered heavy casualties.敵方軍敵方軍隊(duì)傷亡損失很大。隊(duì)傷亡損失很大。. stand(to be able to accept or deal well with a difficult sit

10、uation = tolerate)指精神上堅(jiān)毅，指精神上堅(jiān)毅，有決心：有決心： The pain was too intense to stand. 痛苦強(qiáng)烈得痛苦強(qiáng)烈得無法承受。無法承受。 Suffer(to experience physical or mental pain)側(cè)側(cè)重指順從和克制重指順從和克制 He suffered their insults in silence. 他默默忍受他們所施加的傷害。他默默忍受他們所施加的傷害。 Tolerate(to be able to accept something unpleasant or difficult, even thou

11、gh you do not like it)主要用于指除痛苦之外的一些事情，含主要用于指除痛苦之外的一些事情，含有盡管保留但勉強(qiáng)接受之意有盡管保留但勉強(qiáng)接受之意.辨析 :bear，endure(容忍），stand，suffer,tolerate（承認(rèn)，忍受） bear (to bravely accept or deal with a painful, difficult, or upsetting situation = stand) 廣義的指容忍各種事情的能力廣義的指容忍各種事情的能力 He cant bear people smoking while hes eating.他他受不了別人

12、在他吃飯的時(shí)候吸煙。受不了別人在他吃飯的時(shí)候吸煙。 endure(to be in a difficult or painful situation for a long time without complaining)尤指長期面對(duì)痛苦、尤指長期面對(duì)痛苦、艱難的能力：艱難的能力：There are limits to what the human body can endure.人體的忍耐力是有限的人體的忍耐力是有限的. symptom n. something wrong with your body or mind which shows that you have a particul

13、ar illness癥狀；a sign that a serious problem exists征兆 Symptoms include headaches and fever.癥狀癥狀包括頭疼和發(fā)燒。包括頭疼和發(fā)燒。 Cough is one of the symptoms of having pneumonia.咳嗽是肺炎的癥狀之一。咳嗽是肺炎的癥狀之一。 The trike is a symptom of the delcination of economy. 這次罷工是經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退的征兆。這次罷工是經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退的征兆。 The crime rate is a symptom of social

14、 unrest. 犯罪率是社會(huì)不安定的征兆。犯罪率是社會(huì)不安定的征兆。. temper n. a tendency to become angry suddenly or easily脾氣當(dāng)他看到室友正在用他的牙刷時(shí)他大發(fā)脾氣。當(dāng)他看到室友正在用他的牙刷時(shí)他大發(fā)脾氣。 He lost his temper when he saw his roommate using his toothbrush. If he can not learn how to contro his temper, he will lost his job.如果他不能學(xué)會(huì)控制他的脾氣，他就會(huì)失去工作。如果他不能學(xué)會(huì)控制他

15、的脾氣，他就會(huì)失去工作。詞組拓展：詞組拓展： keep ones temper忍住氣；不發(fā)火忍住氣；不發(fā)火 lose ones temper發(fā)火；生氣發(fā)火；生氣 out of temper發(fā)火；動(dòng)怒發(fā)火；動(dòng)怒相關(guān)表達(dá)：相關(guān)表達(dá)： good-tempered adj.好脾氣的好脾氣的 bad-tempered adj.壞脾氣的壞脾氣的 ill-tempered壞脾氣的壞脾氣的 even-tempered好脾氣的好脾氣的 temperamant n.氣質(zhì)，性格氣質(zhì)，性格 a nervous temperament易緊張的性格易緊張的性格. appetite n. 胃口，食欲胃口，食欲吃了太多冰激凌

16、讓我都沒胃口了。吃了太多冰激凌讓我都沒胃口了。 Too much ice cream spoiled my appetite. 游泳讓我胃口大增。游泳讓我胃口大增。 Swimming gives me a great appetite. 詞組拓展：詞組拓展：lose/have/spoil/give appetite失去食失去食欲，有食欲，破壞食欲，促進(jìn)食欲欲，有食欲，破壞食欲，促進(jìn)食欲諺語諺語:Appetite comes with eating. 諺諺胃口越吃越大胃口越吃越大(貪得無厭貪得無厭)。 A good appetite is a good sauce. 諺諺饑不擇食。饑不擇食。.

17、produce v. to show, bring out, or offer something so it can be seen or considered 拿出；生產(chǎn)；拿出；生產(chǎn)；n. 農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)品農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)品 The old man produced his passport to the officer with trembling hands.老人用顫抖的雙手把護(hù)照拿給長官看。老人用顫抖的雙手把護(hù)照拿給長官看。 If you can not produce more evidence, you will be sentenced to death.如果你不能拿出更多的證據(jù)你就會(huì)被判死刑。

18、如果你不能拿出更多的證據(jù)你就會(huì)被判死刑。 Grapes produced in this farm are maily used to make wine.這個(gè)農(nóng)場(chǎng)產(chǎn)出的葡萄主要用于造酒。這個(gè)農(nóng)場(chǎng)產(chǎn)出的葡萄主要用于造酒。相關(guān)表達(dá)：相關(guān)表達(dá)： product n.產(chǎn)品，產(chǎn)物產(chǎn)品，產(chǎn)物 production n.生產(chǎn)生產(chǎn) yield v.出產(chǎn)出產(chǎn), 生長生長. urge v. to strongly advise someone to do something力勸，慫恿；力勸，慫恿；n. 強(qiáng)烈欲望強(qiáng)烈欲望 Jack urged me to resign and start my own busin

19、ess. JACK慫恿我辭職自己創(chuàng)業(yè)。慫恿我辭職自己創(chuàng)業(yè)。 I urged that you consider this decision carelly. 我我勸你仔細(xì)考慮這個(gè)決定。勸你仔細(xì)考慮這個(gè)決定。 I felt a sudden urge to smoke.我有強(qiáng)烈的想吸煙我有強(qiáng)烈的想吸煙的欲望。的欲望。相關(guān)表達(dá)：相關(guān)表達(dá)： urgent adj.急迫的，緊張的急迫的，緊張的. satisfaction n. a feeling of happiness or pleasure because you have achieved something or got what you w

20、anted滿意，滿足滿意，滿足她從幫助別人的過程中得到很大的滿足感。她從幫助別人的過程中得到很大的滿足感。 She got great satisfaction from helping others. He looked at his painting with a smile of satisfaction.他看著他的畫，露出滿意的微笑。他看著他的畫，露出滿意的微笑。相關(guān)表達(dá)：相關(guān)表達(dá)： satisfy v.使?jié)M意使?jié)M意 satisfactory adj.令人滿意的令人滿意的 satisfied adj.感到滿意的感到滿意的dissatisfaction n.不滿不滿 . delighte

21、d,adj. very pleased and happy 欣喜的欣喜的 We are delighted that the president will be watching our performance.總統(tǒng)將要觀看我們的演出，我們很高興?？偨y(tǒng)將要觀看我們的演出，我們很高興。 We are delighted to know our best friend had a lovely baby. 我們欣喜的得知我們最好的朋友生了一個(gè)可愛我們欣喜的得知我們最好的朋友生了一個(gè)可愛的孩子。的孩子。 Jone was delighted when she received the admissi

22、ons letter from Harward University. Jone接到哈佛大學(xué)的接到哈佛大學(xué)的錄取通知書時(shí)非常高興。錄取通知書時(shí)非常高興。相關(guān)表達(dá)：相關(guān)表達(dá)： delight n. 欣喜欣喜詞義辨析：詞義辨析： 都含都含“快樂快樂”、“愉快愉快” 意思的詞語意思的詞語 pleasure delight joy. pleasure （the feeling of happiness, enjoyment, or satisfaction that you get from an experience）是常用詞）是常用詞, 指指“以任何形式表現(xiàn)出的或默默的快樂與滿足以任何形式表現(xiàn)出的

23、或默默的快樂與滿足”。如。如:幫助你是我的快樂。幫助你是我的快樂。 Its my pleasure to help you. delight（a feeling of great pleasure and satisfaction）語意比語意比pleasure 強(qiáng)強(qiáng), 指指“極大的快樂極大的快樂”, 尤指尤指“以一種以一種活潑的態(tài)度表現(xiàn)出來的快樂活潑的態(tài)度表現(xiàn)出來的快樂”, 如如: The child clapped his hands in delight.那孩子高興得拍起手來。那孩子高興得拍起手來。 joy （great happiness and pleasure）指）指“高興地表現(xiàn)高興

24、地表現(xiàn)出來的更強(qiáng)烈的快樂和愉快的情緒出來的更強(qiáng)烈的快樂和愉快的情緒”, 如如: Success brought her great joy.成功給她帶來極大的快樂。成功給她帶來極大的快樂。.Qs to the textuWhat did the author do after reading an article entitled Cigarette Smoking and Your Health?uWhy did his wife suffer during the week when he didnt smoke?uWhat did his friends do during that w

25、eek?uWhat happened at the party?. 【課文講解課文講解】 1、After reading an article entitled Cigarette Smoking and Your Health I lit a cigarette to calm my nerves. an article entitled 題名為題名為的文章的文章在英語中，文章名與書名中的每個(gè)單詞的第一個(gè)在英語中，文章名與書名中的每個(gè)單詞的第一個(gè)字母均大寫，不在開頭位置的連詞、冠詞、小品字母均大寫，不在開頭位置的連詞、冠詞、小品詞除外。詞除外。 lit （light，light） v. 點(diǎn)燃

26、點(diǎn)燃 I lit a cigarette. lighted adj. 被點(diǎn)燃的被點(diǎn)燃的 This is a lighted cigarette.2、My friends kept on offering cigarettes and cigars.keep on doing sth. = continue doing sth. 持續(xù)不斷的做持續(xù)不斷的做The child was crying loudly, but he kept on watching TV.cigar n. 雪茄雪茄offer sb. sth. 給某人某物給某人某物. 3、They made no effort to hi

27、de their amusement whenever I produced a packet of sweets from my pocket. make every effort 盡全力，盡一切努力盡全力，盡一切努力 He made every effort to get/at getting the job. make no effort 根本不作努力，毫不費(fèi)力根本不作努力，毫不費(fèi)力 make no effort to persuade him She wrote the letter with/without effort. 她費(fèi)力她費(fèi)力/毫不毫不費(fèi)力地寫了那封信。費(fèi)力地寫了那封信。

28、make effort + to do sth. 努力做努力做 no matter when = whenever 無論何時(shí)無論何時(shí) no matter who = whoever 無論是誰無論是誰 no matter where = wherever 無論在哪里無論在哪里 no matter how 無論怎樣無論怎樣. 4、When my old friend Brian urged me to accept a cigarette, it was more than I could bear. was more than I could bear = I couldnt bear more

29、 than后面跟一個(gè)從句或一個(gè)形容詞時(shí)可后面跟一個(gè)從句或一個(gè)形容詞時(shí)可以表示以表示“超出超出”（多用于口語）：（多用于口語）： He was more than pleased with his new room. This was more than I had expectd. 5、Anyway, as Brian pointed out, it is the easiest thing in the world to give up smoking. anyway 不管如何不管如何 Anyway I love him. Thank you anyway. point out = expl

30、ain 指出，指明指出，指明 Why didnt you point out his mistake to him at that time? He pointed out that we still had to get a few other things.【Special Difficulties】與 keep 有關(guān)的短語動(dòng)詞keep on +doing sth. 反復(fù)，持續(xù)My friends kept on offering me cigarettes.He kept on saying that he was tired. 他不斷地說他累了。他不斷地說他累了。keep off 不靠

31、近，從不靠近，從離開離開Keep off the flower bed. 請(qǐng)勿進(jìn)入花壇。請(qǐng)勿進(jìn)入花壇。Keep your hands off the food. 別動(dòng)吃的東西。別動(dòng)吃的東西。keep away from （使（使）不靠近，避開）不靠近，避開Why do you always keep away from me?你為什么總躲著我？你為什么總躲著我？Keep the children away from the river. 別讓孩子們?nèi)ズ舆?。別讓孩子們?nèi)ズ舆?。keep it up 不松勁，保持成績，繼續(xù)下去不松勁，保持成績，繼續(xù)下去Youve made much progress

32、. Keep it up! 你已取得了很大進(jìn)你已取得了很大進(jìn)步。繼續(xù)努力！步。繼續(xù)努力！.keep up with 跟上，不落在后面In order to keep up with his classmates, he worked harder than ever.為了跟上同學(xué)，他比以往任何時(shí)候都更努力。為了跟上同學(xué)，他比以往任何時(shí)候都更努力。keep out （使）留在外面，（使）不進(jìn)入（使）留在外面，（使）不進(jìn)入He shut all the doors and windows to keep out the wind. 為了擋風(fēng)，他關(guān)上了所有的門窗為了擋風(fēng)，他關(guān)上了所有的門窗16,00

33、0-volt power line. Keep out! 16,000 伏高壓線，不可靠近！伏高壓線，不可靠近！keep in （把（把）留在里面關(guān)在屋里，不出外）留在里面關(guān)在屋里，不出外Its very cold today. Wed better keep in. 今天很冷。我們最好別出去。今天很冷。我們最好別出去。When the dog was kept in, it barked loudly. 那條狗被關(guān)在屋里時(shí)狂吠不止。那條狗被關(guān)在屋里時(shí)狂吠不止。.Sentence and ExpressionsMy friends kept on offering me cigarettes

34、and cigarskeep (sb.) away (from sth.)（使）某人離開（某物）keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事keep sth. in mind 記住（某事物）keep back 忍?。ㄑ蹨I），扣下，隱瞞keep in touch with 與保持聯(lián)系keep off 遠(yuǎn)離，避開，讓開keep up with 跟上，不落在后面Keep 短語舉例.summary Having read an article on smoking,the writer smoked his last cigarette.He did not smoke for a

35、 week and his wife suffered because he had a bad temper and a large appetite.Meanwhile friends offered hem cigarettes and were amused to see him produce a packet of sweets from his pocket.When he went to a party,he accepted a cigarette which he was offered by a friend and since then things have retu

36、rned to normal. .Vocabulary at all terribly enormous extremely uncomfortable guiltily delighted normal point out give upadv.根本adv.可怕地, 十分adj.巨大的, 龐大的adv.極端地, 非常地adj.不舒服的, 不安的adv.罪地, 有罪地adj.欣喜的, 快樂的adj.正常的, 正規(guī)的v.指出v.放棄Others .Vocabularyarticlecigarettehealthnerveconcentrationpleasuresymptomtemperappe

37、titecigareffortamusementpacketsweetpocketsatisfaction文章香煙健康神經(jīng)集中, 專心愉快醫(yī)癥狀脾氣, 情緒食欲, 胃口雪茄努力娛樂, 消遣, 娛樂活動(dòng)小包裹糖果衣袋, 口袋滿意, 滿足Nouns .重難點(diǎn)練習(xí)：重難點(diǎn)練習(xí)： 1 away from 2 off 3 up 4 on 5 out 6 up with 7 in .多選答案：1. a 根據(jù)課文第根據(jù)課文第1句句After reading an article entitled可以判斷，只有可以判斷，只有a. Something he had read 與課文的內(nèi)容相符，其他與課文的內(nèi)容相

38、符，其他3個(gè)選擇都與課文內(nèi)容不符，所以只能選個(gè)選擇都與課文內(nèi)容不符，所以只能選a.2. c 根據(jù)課文第根據(jù)課文第10-11行，只有行，只有c 是課文所暗示的情況，其他是課文所暗示的情況，其他3個(gè)選擇都與課個(gè)選擇都與課文實(shí)際內(nèi)容不符，所以應(yīng)選文實(shí)際內(nèi)容不符，所以應(yīng)選c.3. b 這是一個(gè)一般過去時(shí)疑問句，因?yàn)榍懊嬗弥鷦?dòng)詞這是一個(gè)一般過去時(shí)疑問句，因?yàn)榍懊嬗弥鷦?dòng)詞Did 提問，其謂語動(dòng)詞提問，其謂語動(dòng)詞要用原形才符合語法。要用原形才符合語法。a. lit 是是light 的一種過去式和過去分詞；的一種過去式和過去分詞；c. lighted 也是也是 light 的過去式和過去分詞；的過去式和過去分

39、詞；d. lighting 是是 light 的現(xiàn)在分詞。的現(xiàn)在分詞。 以上以上3個(gè)選擇都不是動(dòng)詞原形，所以都不能選。個(gè)選擇都不是動(dòng)詞原形，所以都不能選。 只有只有b. light 是動(dòng)詞原形，最是動(dòng)詞原形，最合乎語法，所以選合乎語法，所以選b.4. b 只有只有b. on是正確的，因?yàn)樵摼渲械闹^語動(dòng)詞是正確的，因?yàn)樵摼渲械闹^語動(dòng)詞concentrate 后面只能跟介后面只能跟介詞詞on才符合習(xí)慣用法。才符合習(xí)慣用法。 concentrate on意思是意思是“全神貫注于，專心于全神貫注于，專心于”，其他，其他3個(gè)詞都不能同個(gè)詞都不能同concentrate搭配使搭配使用用。. 5. c 只有只有c. was hungry 最符合語法和題目意最符合語法和題目意思，而其他思，而其他3個(gè)選擇個(gè)選擇a. had hungry, b. had hunger, d. hungered 都不符合語法和習(xí)慣用法，所以選都不符合語法和習(xí)慣用法，所以選c. 6. a 該句需要選一個(gè)同前一句中的短語動(dòng)詞該句需要選一個(gè)同前一句中的短語動(dòng)詞Kept on offering 意義相同的詞組，才能使兩個(gè)意義相同的詞組，才能使兩個(gè)句子意思吻合。句子意思吻合。 只有只有a. continued to do this (繼續(xù)做這種事繼續(xù)做這種事)與與keep