英美文學(xué)18世紀(jì)

1、The Eighteenth Century English Novel Why it developed rapidly?By this time the novel began to be viewed as a form of art, to be evaluated critically in terms of the history of literature.The invention of printing created a new market of comparatively cheap entertainment and knowledge.CONTENTSentimen

2、tal NovelRealistic NovelGothic Novel-Three Genres Daniel Defoe丹尼爾笛福Samuel Richard塞繆爾理查森Jonathan Swift喬納森斯威夫特Henry Fielding亨利菲爾丁Realistic Novel Daniel Defoe 丹尼爾笛福 (1659/1660 - 1731)vRepresentative of English realistic novelvOne of the greatest journalistsvThe father of journalismvBorn in London, a bu

3、tcher s family.vOccupation: writer Journalist novelist pamphleteervGenres(流派流派)：Adventure WorksCaptain Singleton 辛格爾頓船長(1720)Moll Flanders 摩爾弗蘭德斯 (1722)A Journal of the Plague Year大疫年日記(1722)Roxana 羅克薩拉(1724) Robinson CrusoeRobinson Crusoe is Defoes masterpiece, which marks the birth of English real

4、istic novel.The book is commonly known as Robinson Crusoe. A fictional（虛構(gòu)的） tale of a shipwrecked sailor, it was based on the adventures of a seaman, Alexander Selkirk, who had been marooned（被放逐到 孤 島 的 人 ） o n o n e o f t h e J u a n Fernndez Islands off the coast of Chile（智利）. This novel is often c

5、onsidered to be the first English novel.The Features of this NovelsThe central idea of his novels is that man is good andnoble by nature but may succumb to an evil socialenvironment. The writer wants to make it clear thatsociety is the source of various crimes and vices.RobinsonFriday Jonathan Swift

6、 喬納森斯威夫特 (1667 - 1745)vHe is a great novelist and a master satirist in the 18th century.vHe was born in a poor family in Dublin, Ireland.vHe is an Anglo-Irish satirist(諷刺家), essayist, political pamphleteer (first for the Whigs輝格黨, then for the Tories保守黨) , poet and cleric（牧 師）.vBecause of a brain di

7、sease, Swift became insane and died miserably. WorksThe Journal to Stella給斯黛拉的日記 1766The Battle of the books書的戰(zhàn)爭書戰(zhàn) 1704A Tale of a Tub 一個木桶的故事 1704A Modest Proposal一個溫和的建議 1729Gulliver s Travels 格列佛游記 1726 (Masterpiece)The Drapier s Letter 德萊皮爾的信 1724-1725 Gullivers Travels is Swifts greatest work,

8、mocking the religious and political system of England the dark side of human nature. And it reflects the another is yearning for a better society. Gullivers Travels格林佛游記格林佛游記1726 Four partsLilliput小人國小人國Brobdingnag大人國大人國Flying Island飛島飛島Country of horses馬島馬島vThe most outstanding novelist vThe founde

9、r of English Realistic Novel and set up the theory of realism in literary creationvThe father of English novelsvBorn in an old aristocratic family and studied for several years at the famous Eton school and took a degree at the University of Leyden in Holland.vversatile :a novelist man a dramatist(2

10、6 plays) an essayist a political pamphleteer a learned authority on law an able and efficient magistrate a political economist Henry Fielding 亨利菲爾丁 WorksHis famous playsHis NovelsThe Coffee House Politician (1730)咖啡店政客The Tragedy of Tragedies (1730)悲劇中的悲劇Joseph Andrews (1742)約瑟夫.安德魯The History of To

11、m Jones, a Foundling (1749)棄兒湯姆棄兒湯姆瓊斯的歷史瓊斯的歷史 The History of Tom Jones, A Foundling-Fieldings masterpieceThe middle one contains adventures on the road to LondonThe first part describes Toms childhood in Mr. Allworthys country homeThe last tells what happens in London to Tom and Sophia. Samuel Richa

12、rdson 塞繆爾理查森 （1689 - 1761）vHe and vDaniel Defoe (was famous for his prose以散文著稱), Jonathan Swift (known for his satirical novel以諷刺小說著稱), Henry Fielding (was famous for its legendary novels以傳奇小說著稱) were the four representatives of English realistic novel in the 18th century. vRichard Johnson is famous

13、 for his epistolary novels(書信體小說).ClarissaPamela （or Virtue Rewarded ）帕米拉（又名美德有報） Works克拉麗莎His works Pamela started the sentimentalism literature precedent.Sentimental NovelOliver Goldsmith奧里弗哥爾斯密（1730 - 1774）The Vicar of Wakefield 威克菲德的牧師(1766)is his only novel，his masterpiece.It is often described as a sentimental novel. He was the famous British dramatistIn the 18th century.Sentimental gothic novel感傷型哥特式小說 Clara Reeve 克拉拉里夫 The Champion of Virtue美德的冠軍Hora