高考英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作專(zhuān)題輔導(dǎo)課件-概要寫(xiě)作導(dǎo)練

1、概要寫(xiě)作導(dǎo)練 記敘文 寫(xiě)作方法串聯(lián)要素法 寫(xiě)作方法串聯(lián)要素法 記敘文的概要, 一般包括記敘文的六個(gè)要素(who; when; where; what; how; why), 也就是考生應(yīng)先通讀閱讀短文，找出這六個(gè)要素,然后用自己的話將這六個(gè)要素串成一兩句話即可。 當(dāng)然, 不一定每篇記敘文都包含這六個(gè)要素,但“某人做了某事, 結(jié)果如何”是應(yīng)當(dāng)包括的。因此, 要寫(xiě)好概要, 須找到以下兩個(gè)問(wèn)題的答案：(1) 誰(shuí)做了什么？(who did what)(2) 結(jié)果如何？(what was the result) 如果是夾敘夾議的文章, 還要加上這個(gè)故事給人們的啟示或教育。 典型例題例1(2011年廣東)

2、閱讀下面短文, 然后按要求寫(xiě)一篇150詞左右的英語(yǔ)短文。 When Samfirst got to his boarding school with his parents, he was very happy. He thought he would be able to go home every weekend. When he was told he would not, he started crying because the thought of not seeing his parents was driving him crazy.He was given uniforms

3、and all other things that he would need for the term. He started crying when it was time for his parents to leave. He was then taken to the dorm, where he saw other children happy. He tried as much as he could to fit in but could not because his mind was at home. He started feeling homesick(想家)and w

4、anted to go homes as soon as possible. He got sick soon because he could not eat the school food. He could not concentrate in the classroom. All he could think was being at home with his family. He had no mobile phone or other means to get in touch with his parents. He was angry and felt lonely. He

5、thought his parents hated him and that was why they left him in a boarding school.寫(xiě)作內(nèi)容1. 以約30個(gè)詞概括上文的主要內(nèi)容；2. 以約120個(gè)詞講述一次你(或你的朋友)想家的經(jīng)歷。解題過(guò)程第一步, 根據(jù)寫(xiě)作內(nèi)容2, 快速獲取大意。解題前, 可以通過(guò)寫(xiě)作內(nèi)容2和材料文體,快速準(zhǔn)確地把握閱讀材料的主要內(nèi)容并形成概要的基本框架。如本題閱讀寫(xiě)作內(nèi)容2,并掃視材料可知是記敘文, 于是可推知,本文的概要框架應(yīng)是：Sam想家的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、影響和結(jié)果。第二步：閱讀材料，回答以下兩個(gè)問(wèn)題。(1) 誰(shuí)做了什么？Sam go

6、t to a boarding school and he felt homesick.(2) 結(jié)果如何？He got sick. He was angry with his parents and felt lonely.第三步：用自己的話將其串聯(lián)起來(lái)。參考范文如下： 范文1：Sam could not get used to the life of the boarding school, and he thought his parents hated him and left him in it, which made him sick, angry and lonely. 范文2：I

7、n the passage, the writer talks about Sams experience of homesickness. He suffered a lot and felt dissatisfied with his parents after being left in a boarding school. 例2 (2011年廣州一模)閱讀下面短文, 然后按要求寫(xiě)一篇150詞左右的英語(yǔ)短文。內(nèi)容略寫(xiě)作內(nèi)容1. 以約30個(gè)詞概括這篇演講稿的主要內(nèi)容；2. 然后以約120個(gè)詞寫(xiě)一篇讀后感, 說(shuō)明“誠(chéng)信的重要性”。解題過(guò)程 第一步, 根據(jù)寫(xiě)作內(nèi)容2 , 快速獲取大意。寫(xiě)作內(nèi)容

8、2說(shuō)明“誠(chéng)信的重要性”，掃讀原文可以發(fā)現(xiàn)該文章是夾敘夾議的記敘文, 那么我們可以形成概要框架: 作者講述了一個(gè)故事來(lái)說(shuō)明誠(chéng)信的重要性。這樣, 就有了方向和思路了。第二步：閱讀材料, 回答以下三個(gè)問(wèn)題。(1) 誰(shuí)做了什么？The writer tells a story of an overseas Chinese student. The student had been caught without a ticket in the subway three times.(2) 結(jié)果如何？He was not even allowed the chance for an interview.(

9、3) 說(shuō)明了什么？Honesty is the best policy.第三步：用自己的話將其串聯(lián)起來(lái)。參考范文如下： 范文1：Today I read an instructive speech, in which the speaker argues honesty is the best policy by telling the story of an overseas Chinese student who couldnt find a job because of dishonesty.范文2：The writer tells a story about a Chinese stu

10、dent with an excellent academic achievement couldnt find a job in Germany because of his dishonesty to skip the subway tickets, which shows honesty is the best policy. 課堂練習(xí)練習(xí)1：閱讀下面的短文，然后以約30個(gè)詞概括這篇短文的主要內(nèi)容。短文略 The author happened to pick up an umbrella on a bus and tried to find its owner. She was ple

11、ased to find the owner and also got a job offered by the owner of the umbrella.練習(xí)2：閱讀下面的短文, 然后以約30個(gè)詞概括這篇短文的主要內(nèi)容。短文略 (范文1) In the passage the writer uses the story of the award-winning farmer who shares his best corn deed with his neighbours to teach us that we all can benefit when we co-operate and

12、share with each other.(范文2) The writer teaches us that we all benefit more when we co-operate and share with each other by telling the story of the award-winning farmer who shares his corn seeds with his neighbours. 課外作業(yè)作業(yè)1：閱讀下面短文, 然后以約30個(gè)詞概括該文的主要內(nèi)容。 On a recent Sunday, I was buying groceries in a s

13、upermarket when I heard the sound of a car accident. It was close but not very close, so I continued shopping. As I took a right turn on Munadhama Street, I saw a man lying on the ground in a small pool of blood. He wasnt dead. The idea of stopping to help or to take him to a hospital crossed my min

14、d, but I didnt dare. Cars passed without stopping. Pedestrians and shop owners kept doing what they were doing, pretending nothing had happened. I was still looking at the wounded man and blaming myself for not stopping to help. Other shoppers peered at him from a distance, sorrowful and sympathetic

15、, but did nothing. I went on to another grocery store, staying for about five minutes while shopping for tomatoes, onions and other vegetables. During that time, the man managed to sit up and wave to passing cars. No one stopped. No one did anything. No one lifted a finger. The wounded died alone in

16、 the street. The only reaction came from a woman in the grocery store. In a low voice, she said, “My God, bless his soul.” An offer of aid could have saved the mans life.作業(yè)1： From the passage we know that the author witnessed a car accident and found no one helped the injured man. As a result, the m

17、an died on the street, which made the author feel guilty.作業(yè)2：閱讀下面短文, 然后以約30個(gè)詞概括該文的主要內(nèi)容。短文略作業(yè)2： The writer tried to tell us the importance of setting goals through a beavers story. After the beaver built a house for the winter, it set another goal to chew down a big tree and succeeded by working hard

18、.說(shuō)明文 寫(xiě)作方法 我們根據(jù)說(shuō)明文的不同類(lèi)型, 分別給出三種參考模板：1. 描寫(xiě)某事物的性質(zhì)功用。即“對(duì)象+性質(zhì)功用+利好”： (In the passage) the writer introduces. (對(duì)象)to us, especially its.(性質(zhì)或功用), from which we know.(對(duì)象帶來(lái)的利好).2. 針對(duì)某個(gè)問(wèn)題提出解決方法或措施。即“問(wèn)題+解決方法”： The passage tells us.(問(wèn)題), including.(方法1), .(方法2)and.(方法3).3. 介紹某現(xiàn)象及其原因和結(jié)果。即“現(xiàn)象+原因+結(jié)果”： (The author/

19、writer said/talks about).(現(xiàn)象)of., because /but.(原因/本質(zhì)1), and. (原因/本質(zhì)2).在高考讀寫(xiě)任務(wù)中, 多為說(shuō)明某種社會(huì)現(xiàn)象的說(shuō)明文。特別提醒： 典型例題閱讀下面短文, 然后以約30個(gè)詞概括這段短文的內(nèi)容。 Eye care is an important factor in all of our lives. Without eyes, we seem to be able to do nothing. But, what can we do to take care of eyes? Firstly, we should eat h

20、ealthy foods. Secondly, dont sit before a computer screen or TV for too long time and take regular rest at intervals so as to relax the eye muscles. Thirdly, having enough sleep is the best rest for eyes. Besides those notices, you should be aware of some threats to eyes in daily lives. Excessive ex

21、posure to bright sunlight is harmful to eyes, therefore, when going out, especially in summer time, put on a pair of qualified sunglasses. Stay away from smoking. Some ingredients in cigarettes are carcinogenesis(致癌的). Last but not least, take regular medical examines to check out the potential eye

22、disease and prevent its deterioration(退化). Eyes are the most important sense organs and one should use proper eye care products to avoid further irritations (刺激)and ensure longevity at ease.解題過(guò)程 本文在指出眼睛重要后, 緊接著提出問(wèn)題“為保護(hù)眼睛, 我們可以做些什么呢”, 然后分三點(diǎn)說(shuō)明應(yīng)該做些什么。因此, 我們可以套用“問(wèn)題+解決方法”模式： Our eyes are important for us

23、, so the author tells us how to take care of our eyes, including eating healthy food, giving them enough time to rest, knowing some threats, and taking frequent eye examinations. 課堂練習(xí)練習(xí)1：閱讀下面短文，然后以約30個(gè)詞概括該文的主要內(nèi)容。短文略 (“對(duì)象+性質(zhì)功能+利好”模式)The writer introduces the idea of a balloon robot, especially how it

24、 helps to guide people to their destination without being connected to the Internet, from which we know it may become popular in the future.練習(xí)2：閱讀下面短文, 然后以約30個(gè)詞概括該文的主要內(nèi)容。短文略 (“問(wèn)題+解決方法”模式)The passage tells us how to be a good friend, including listening more to friends talking, offering help when nec

25、essary, staying with them and making plans together.練習(xí)3：閱讀下面短文, 然后以約30個(gè)詞概括該文的主要內(nèi)容。短文略(“現(xiàn)象+原因”模式)The author talks about the popularity of advertisements, because they can bring convenience to people but the negative effects should not be ignored.課外作業(yè)作業(yè)1：閱讀下面短文, 然后以約30個(gè)詞概括該文的主要內(nèi)容。短文略 The passage intro

26、duces some examples to show that chemistry is everywhere in our life, especially its good effects, from which we know we should understand it more to help ourselves live better.(對(duì)象+功能) 作業(yè)2：閱讀下面短文, 然后以約30個(gè)詞概括該文的主要內(nèi)容。短文略The passage tells us how to stay healthy with our pets, including washing hands of

27、ten, wearing gloves while cleaning the pets or their cages, taking them for examinations regularly and giving them proper food, etc. (問(wèn)題+解決方法)作業(yè)3：閱讀下面短文, 然后以約30個(gè)詞概括該文的主要內(nèi)容。短文略 The passage said Chinese Education Ministry has paid close attention to self-protection education among school students beca

28、use some knowledge about self-protection may help one survive in case of emergency.(現(xiàn)象+原因)議論文寫(xiě)作方法 議論文通常包括論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)和結(jié)論, 因此寫(xiě)議論文的概要主要是找出主題句(the topic sentences)、支撐句(supporting sentences)和結(jié)論句(conclusion sentences)。 其中最主要的是找準(zhǔn)主題句。 概要模板：論點(diǎn)+論據(jù)(+結(jié)論)典型例題(2011珠海一模)閱讀下面短文, 然后以約30個(gè)詞概括該文的主要內(nèi)容。 Getting up early has be

29、en regarded as a good habit since ancient times. Many years ago, people thought that if we went to bed early and get up early, we would be energetic the whole day. So, getting up early is of great importance to us all.In fact, morning is the best time of a day. In the morning, the air is the freshes

30、t and people are usually in the best conditions. Many of us may have the experiences that we memorize some things more quickly and accurately in the morning than any other time of the day. If we do some morning exercise or only take a short walk in the morning, we can build our bodies and become muc

31、h healthier. Also we will have enough time to make a plan and get ready for our work or study of the day if we get up early. However, if we get up late, we will probably have to do everything in a great hurry. Let us remember getting up early is a good habit and try our best to keep it. If we stick

32、to getting up early every day, we will certainly benefit a lot from it.解題過(guò)程第一步，根據(jù)文體, 找出要點(diǎn)。略讀短文, 本文是典型的議論文, 第一段為議點(diǎn), 第二、三自然段為論據(jù), 最后一段為結(jié)論, 首尾呼應(yīng)。論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)和結(jié)論分別為：論點(diǎn)Getting up early has been regarded as a good habit論據(jù)(1)we memorize some things more quickly and accurately in the morning(2)build our bodies and

33、become much healthier(3)have enough time to make a plan and get ready for our work or study of the day結(jié)論getting up early is a good habit and try our best to keep it第二步, 用自己的話將其表達(dá)出來(lái)。參考范文為： (范文1) The passage mainly tells us getting up early in the morning is a good habit that will benefit us a lot. It enables us to have a better memory, healthier body and better preparation for th