4高考英語閱讀推理判斷題PPT課件(51頁P(yáng)PT)

1、Reading Comprehension-Inference Questions 閱讀理解專題-推理判斷題第1頁，共51頁。1. 推斷隱含意義 2.推斷作者觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度 3.推斷寫作目的 4.推斷文章出處 5.推斷上下文內(nèi)容 閱讀推理判斷題推斷題分類第2頁，共51頁。There are three men on a train. Mr A speaks English and Chinese. Mr B speaksFrench and English. Mr C can only talk with Mr A. What language does Mr C speak? Chinese.

2、第3頁，共51頁。 1. Question forms: It can be inferred from the text that . From the text we know that is most likely . When the writer talks about , what the writer really means is . 一、如何推斷隱含意義第4頁，共51頁。The writer suggests that . The story implies that . We can infer conclude from the passage that . 這類題干中通

3、常含有infer, suggest, imply, conclude等標(biāo)志性詞語。2.技巧點(diǎn)撥1).全面分析 2).忠實(shí)原文3).不要選擇表層信息第5頁，共51頁。Did you ever hear a strange sound coming from the wall? Did it sound like a clock? If so, it may have been made by a beetle. Long ago people thought the ticking meant that someone was about to die. Thus the beetle is c

4、alled the deathwatch beetle. （1分鐘） The sound of this beetle _.pleased people. B. surprised people. C. frightened people. D. excited people.3.Practice:(passage1)第6頁，共51頁。 Several different bison species have lived on the North American continent since the Ice Age; today only two exist. The wood bison

5、 is the larger of the two, and is now found mostly in western Canada. Better known in the United States is the Plains bison, or buffalo. At one time, herds of these animals could be sighed almost everywhere from the Appalachian Mountains in the East to the Rocky Mountains in the West. The author imp

6、lies that several types of bison_. A. live outside the United Stated and Canada B. are well adapted to swampy terrain C. existed before the Ice Age D. have been killed or have died outP3第7頁，共51頁。2. It is fun to turn over a big rock on the beach. Make sure you turn the rock back to the position it wa

7、s in after you moved it. If you dont turn it back over, all the sea animals under it or clinging to（依附）the underside will die. The passage implies that rocks _. hurt sea animals protect sea animalsC. wont be found on beaches D. cant be found on beachesPractice2第8頁，共51頁。One day a man walked a pet sho

8、pand said to the shop assistant，“Ineed two small mice and about fiveDozen roaches（蟑螂） and twospiders（蜘蛛）.”“What do you needThese things for?” the shopassistant was very surprised. “Well，”replied the man，“Immoving out of my apartment andthe landlord insists that I shouldleave the house in exactly the

9、 same condition as I found it.”Practice 3第9頁，共51頁。The passage suggests that when the writer moved into the apartment, it was _. A. very clean B. just cleaned by the landlord C. tidy and comfortable D. dirty and full of insects 第10頁，共51頁。 5. What can we know from the last paragraph? A. Mary feels pit

10、y for herself. B. Mary has recovered from her disease. C. Mary wants to help others as much as possible. DMary determines to go back to the dance floor.Although her disease has affected her eyesight and forcedher to the sidelines of the dance floor，she refuses to fallinto selfpity. “Everybody on ear

11、th can ask，whyme？about something or other，”she insists. “It doesntdo any good. No one is immune (免疫的) to heartachepain，and disappointments. Sometimes we can makethings better by helping others. Ive come to realize theimportance of that as Ive grown up this second time. Iwant to speak out and be as h

12、elpful as I can be.”高考鏈接-2010湖南卷4第11頁，共51頁。 What can we infer from the last sentence of the text ?A. Happiness comes from peaceful life in the countryB.Health is more important than moneyC.The harmony between man and nature is important D. Good old days will never be forgottenThen the people realize

13、d what was happening. It was thefrog. They hadnt been useless.They had been doing animportant job-eating insects. Now with so many frogskilled, the insects were increasing more rapidly. They weredamaging the crops and spreading diseases. Now, the peaple are still poor.But in the evenings they sitin

14、the village square and listen to sounds of insects andfrogs.These sounds of the night now have a much deepermeaning . 高考鏈接-2010遼寧卷5topic sentence第12頁，共51頁。二、如何推斷作者觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度： 作者的態(tài)度: objective（客觀的） subjective（主觀的） neutral （ 中立的）；positive (積極的) negative（消極的）approval（贊成的）disapproval（不贊成的）Indifferent（不感興趣的，漠

15、不關(guān)心的sarcastic （諷刺的） critical (批評(píng)的) optimistic （樂觀的） pessimistic（悲觀的）客觀的第13頁，共51頁。Impressed 有深刻印象的 doubtful 不敢肯定的 persuasive 說服人的Interested 感興趣的 factual 實(shí)事求是的 questioning 質(zhì)問的 Approving 贊成的 suspicious 懷疑的Worried 擔(dān)憂的 depressed 沮喪的 confident 自信的hostile 敵對的 prejudice 有偏見的 unconcerned 不關(guān)心的，不掛念的第14頁，共51頁。1

16、. Question forms:The writers attitude toward is_.The writer thought that_.According to the author _.2.技巧點(diǎn)撥注意作者表達(dá)感情色彩的形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞及所舉的例子，才能推斷出作者的弦外之音。第15頁，共51頁。注意仔細(xì)琢磨作者表達(dá)情感和態(tài)度的用詞方式肯定：certainly, no doubt, surely,不太肯定：possibly，maybe, it is said that .情感色彩：great, terrific(極好的；極其的，非常的；可怕的，凄慘的；了不起) , wonderf

17、ully, sadly, shame第16頁，共51頁。注意作者使用反語I found in my babys behavior a metaphor暗喻 for the new generation. My wife and I had given him some books to examine， but he merely spit upon them. When we read to him， he did not feel comfortable. And so it is in the schools. We find that our students dont read an

18、d look down upon reading and even scold those of us who teach it. All they want to do is watch TV. Therefore, I have reached a conclusion: “Let them watch it!” If television is much more attractive to children than books, why should we fight it? Let them watch all they want! What do you think is the

19、 authors attitude towards TV?Curious. B. Worried. C. Unfavorable. D. Favorable.第17頁，共51頁。注意作者對事件下的結(jié)論Why isnt your newspaper reporting any good news？All I read about is murder， bribery（行賄），and deathFrankly，Im sick of all this bad newsThis authors attitude towards the newspaper reporting is to _ A.com

20、plain B.apologize C.amuse D.inform 第18頁，共51頁。注意作者對比的寫作方法Family researchers offer a variety of reasons for these evolving roles and attitudes. They see the 1960s as a turning point. Great cultural changes led to more open communication and a more democratic process that encourages everyone to have a

21、say. “My parents were on the before side of that change, but todays parents, the 40-year-olds, were on theafter side,” explains Mr. Ballmer. “Its not something easily accomplished by parents these days, because life is more difficult to understand or deal with, but sharing interests does make it mor

22、e fun to be a parent now.”Q: By saying “todays parents, the 40-year-olds, were on the after side.” the author means that todays parents _.A. follow the trend of the changeB. can set a limit to the changeC. fail to take the change seriouslyD. have little difficulty adjusting to the change第19頁，共51頁。注意

23、作者對動(dòng)作, 場景的描述By this time there were quite a few people standing in lines. The word soon spread to other travelers that the computer was down. Some people went white, some people started to cry and still others kicked their luggage.In the paragraph the author suggests that _.A. a modern computer wont

24、 be down.B. computers can take the place of humansC. sometimes a computer may bring suffering to peopleD. there will be great changes in computers第20頁，共51頁。That poor doctor just couldnt get my gloves off. Each time he took a step towards me, I broke into painful shouting. the doctor began to stitch(

25、縫合) my head wound, not only did he merrily（快樂地） cut off a long lock of my hair, but used no anaesthetic(麻藥) either!What did the writer think of the doctor? A.friendly. B. cruel. C. hardworking.D. kind第21頁，共51頁。 There was a time when some peopleslives were devoted simply to thecultivation of the land

26、 or the care ofcattle.No multi-tasking there; their liveswent on at a much gentler pace, and in afamiliar pattern. There is much that wemight envy about a way of life like this.Yet before we do so, we must think of thehard tasks our ancestors faced;theyfarmed with bare hands,often lived closeto hung

27、er,and had to fashion tools fromwood and stone. Modern machinery hasfreed people from that primitiveexistence. 6第22頁，共51頁。What is the authors attitude towards the modern technology? A. Critical B. Objective. C. Optimistic. D. Negative.對事物的前景抱著希望，有信心，叫樂觀第23頁，共51頁。We must not forget, either, that adve

28、rtising makes a positive contribution to our pockets. Newspapers, commercial radio and television companies could not subsist without this source of revenue收入來源. The fact that we pay so little for our daily paper, or can enjoy so many broadcast programmers is due entirely to the money spent by adver

29、tisers. Just think what a newspaper would cost if we had to pay its full price!Q: The attitude of the author toward advertisers is _. A. appreciative. B. trustworthy. C. critical. D. dissatisfactory.第24頁，共51頁。Passage 5.（江西卷）Just as crying can be healthy, not cryingholding back tears of anger, pain o

30、r sufferingcan be bad for physical(身體的) health. Studies have shown that too much control of emotions can lead to high blood pressure, heart problems and some other illnesses. If you have a health problem, doctors will certainly not ask you to cry. But when you feel like crying, dont fight it. Its a

31、naturaland healthyemotional response(反應(yīng)). （2分鐘）According to the author, which of the following statements is true?A. Crying is the best way to get help from others.B. Fighting back tears may cause some health problems.C. We will never know our deep feelings unless we cry.D. We must cry if we want to

32、 reduce pressure.第25頁，共51頁。Passage6. Around the world more and more people are taking part in dangerous sports and activities. Of course, there have always been people who have looked for adventure- those who have climbed the highest mountains, traveled into unknown parts of the world or sailed in s

33、mall boats across the greatest oceans. Now, however, there are people who look for an immediate excitement from a risky activity, which may only last a few minutes or even seconds. I would consider bungee jumping（蹦極跳）to be a good example of such an activity. You jump from a high place (perhaps a bri

34、dge or a hot air balloon) 200 meters above the ground with an elastic（有彈性的）rope tied to your ankles. You fall at up to 150 kilometers an hour until the rope stops you from hitting the ground. It is said that about 2 million people around the world have now tried bungee jumping. Other activities whic

35、h most people would say as risky as bungee jumping include jumping from tall buildings and diving into the sea from the top of high cliffs. 第26頁，共51頁。 Why do people take part in such activities as these? Some psychologists（心理學(xué)家）suggest that it is because life in modern societies has become safe and

36、boring. Not very long ago, peoples lives were constantly in danger. They had to go out and hunt for food, diseases could not easily be cured and life was a continuous battle for survival（生存）. Nowadays, according to many people, life offers little excitement. They live and work in comparatively safe

37、conditions; they buy food in shops; and there are doctors and hospitals to look after them if they become ill. The answer for some of these people is to look for danger in activities such as bungee jumping. （5分鐘）The writer of the text has a _ attitude（態(tài)度）towards dangerous sports.A. positive（肯定的） B.

38、negative（否定的） C. neutral （中立的） D. nervous第27頁，共51頁。三、如何推斷寫作目的 1. Question forms:(1) 考查整篇文章的寫作目的A. The writers purpose of writing this passage is to _.B. What is the purpose of writing this article?C. In writing the passage, the author intends to _.第28頁，共51頁。(2) 考查某處細(xì)節(jié)的寫作意圖A. The writer uses the exam

39、ple ofto show that _.B. The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to _.C. are mentioned in the first paragraph to _. 第29頁，共51頁。2. 常見的寫作目的歸納不同的文章可能有不同的寫作目的, 但寫作目的通常有以下三種：(1) to entertain readers（娛樂讀者，讓人發(fā)笑）(2) to persuade readers（說服讀者接受某種觀點(diǎn)）(3) to inform readers（告知讀者某些信息）常見于故事類

40、的文章。to make people laugh; to tell an interesting experience常見于廣告類的文章。to sell a product or a service; to attract more visitors / readers / audience多見于科普類新聞報(bào)道類文化類或社會(huì)類的文章.第30頁，共51頁。3. 技巧點(diǎn)撥 (1) 根據(jù)文體類別推斷寫作目的(2) 從寫作手法來推斷寫作目的第31頁，共51頁。Passage7. “Have you ever been out on a boat and felt it lifted up by a w

41、ave? Or have you jumped in the water and felt the rush of energy as waves came over you?” asked Jamie Taylor of the Wave Energy Group at the University of Edinburgh. “There is certainly a lot of energy in waves,” he said. （1.5分鐘）The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to _.

42、 A. test the readers knowledge about waves B. draw the readers attention to the topic C. show Jamie Taylors importance D. invite the readers to answer them第32頁，共51頁。 The Cost of Higher EducationMany people believe that higher education should be freebecause it is good for the economy (經(jīng)濟(jì)). Many grad

43、uatesclearly do contribute to national wealth, but so do all thebusinesses that invest (投資)and create jobs. If you believethat the government should pay for higher educationbecause graduates are economically productive, youshould also believe that the government should pay part ofbusiness costs. Any

44、one promising to create jobs shouldreceive a gift of capital from the government to invest. Therefore, it is the individual, not the government, whoshould pay for their university education. 高考鏈接-2010北京卷The author mentions businesses in Paragraph 5 in order to _. Aargue against free university educa

45、tion Bcall on them to finance students studies Cencourage graduates to go into business Dshow their contribution to higher education8第33頁，共51頁。Passage8 A young man from a village called Nawalapitiya married a young woman from Maliyuwa, a nearby village. They lived with the mans big family-his parent

46、s, his brothers, their wives and children. The family kept an elephant, in which the young woman soon took a great interest. Every day she fed it with fruit and sugar. Three months later the woman went back to her parents home, having quarreled with her husband. Soon the elephant refused to eat or w

47、ork. It appeared to be ill and heart-broken. One morning after several weeks the animal disappeared from the house. It went to the womans home. On seeing her, the elephant waved its trunk and touched her with it. The young woman was so moved by the act of the animal that she returned to her husbands

48、 home. （3分鐘） The writer wrote the story in order to_. A. show that elephants are very clever B. tell how a woman trained a wild animal C. show that women care more for animals than men do D. tell how an animal reunited a husband and wife第34頁，共51頁。1. Question forms:The passage is most likely to be ta

49、ken from_.Where would this passage most probably appear?The passage is most likely a part of _.四、如何推斷文章出處2. 解題技巧這類問題應(yīng)從文章的內(nèi)容或結(jié)構(gòu)來判斷其出處：(1) 報(bào)紙 (2)廣告 (3)產(chǎn)品說明：(4)書評(píng) 5(影評(píng)） 第35頁，共51頁。Passage9（全國卷）Do you always understand the directions on a bottle of medicine? Do you know what is meant by “Take only as dir

50、ected?” Read the following directions and see if you understand them. To reduce pain, take two tablets(藥片) with water, followed by one tablet every eight hours, as required. For night-time and early morning relief (緩解疼痛) take two tablets at bedtime. Do not take more than six tablets in twenty-four h

51、ours. For children six to twelve years old, give half the amount (量). For children under six years old, ask your doctors advice. Reduce the amount if you suffer from restlessness or sleeplessness after taking the medicine.This text is most probably taken from a _. （2分鐘） A. textbook B. newsreel C. do

52、ctors notebook D. bottle of medicine第36頁，共51頁。 Dont wander aimlessly through life. Get confused onyour goals, start helping others in need, and live life to thefullest! Life is too short to be anything but happy. Visit myblog and find what youve been missing. Sigh up for my newsletter and get seven

53、free ebooks, too! Read hundredsof articles while youre there in the article section, which isupdated daily.PracticeThis text must be taken from _A a radio program B. a websiteC. a newspaper D. a TV program9第37頁，共51頁。2. 解題技巧推測下文的內(nèi)容：根據(jù)作者的思路進(jìn)行推理推測上文的內(nèi)容：關(guān)注第一段，特別是文段開始的幾句話。五推斷上下文內(nèi)容Question forms:The next

54、paragraph would most probably deal with _The paragraph preceding this one would most likely discuss _.第38頁，共51頁。Passage 11 When early humans hunted and gathered food, they were not in control of their environment. They could only interact with their surroundings as lower organisms有機(jī)物 did. When human

55、s learned to make fire, however, they became capable of altering their environment. To provide themselves with fuel they stripped bark from trees, causing the trees to die. Clearings were burned in forests to increase the growth of grass and to provide a greater grazing牧場， area for the wild animals

56、that humans fed upon. This development led to farming and the domestication（馴化） of animals. Fire also provided the means for cooking plants which had previously been inedible食用 . Only when the process of meeting the basic need for food reached a certain level of sophistication精練 was it possible for

57、humans to follow other pursuits such as the founding of cities. （3分鐘）The paragraph following this passage would most likely be about _. A. fire B. hunting C. farming D. urbanization （城市化）第39頁，共51頁。Passage10 More than 30,000 drivers and front seat passengers are killed or seriously injured（受傷）each ye

58、ar. At a speed of only 30 miles per hour it is the same as falling from a third floor window. Wearing a seat belt（安全帶）saves lives; it reduces your chance of death or serious injury by more than half. Therefore drivers or front seat passengers over 14 in most vehicles must wear a seat belt. If you do

59、 not, you could be fined up to $ 50. It will not be up to the drivers to make sure you wear your belt. But it will be the drivers responsibility（責(zé)任）to make sure that children under 14 do not ride in the front unless they are wearing seat belt of some kind. However, you do not have to wear a seat bel

60、t if you are reversing（倒退）your vehicle or you are making a local delivery（發(fā)送）or collection using a special vehicle; or if you have a valid medical certificate which excuses you from wearing it. Make sure these circumstances（情形）apply to you before you decide not to wear your seat belt. Remember you m