虛擬語(yǔ)氣講義完整版

1、虛擬語(yǔ)氣、虛擬語(yǔ)氣定義.英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有三種語(yǔ)氣，陳述語(yǔ)氣，祈使語(yǔ)氣和虛擬語(yǔ)氣.虛擬語(yǔ)氣定義：用來(lái)表示說(shuō)的話不是事實(shí)，或者是不可能發(fā)生或可能性比較小的情況，而是一種愿望，建議,假設(shè)的語(yǔ)氣叫虛擬語(yǔ)氣。二、虛擬語(yǔ)氣的高考考點(diǎn)1、if條件句中虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法；2、條件句中虛擬語(yǔ)氣的倒裝；3、名詞性從句中虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法；4、幾種特殊結(jié)構(gòu)中虛擬語(yǔ)氣用法；5、虛擬語(yǔ)氣與陳述語(yǔ)氣的判定。虛擬語(yǔ)氣的四種形式”及三點(diǎn)注意”一：虛擬語(yǔ)氣在if條件句中的用法1真實(shí)條件句真實(shí)條件句用于陳述語(yǔ)氣，假設(shè)的情況可能發(fā)生，其中 if是如果的意思。句型：if條件從句主句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) shall/will + 動(dòng)詞原形If he come

2、s, he will bring his ball.The volleyball match will be put off if it.A.will rain B. rainsC. rained D. is rained時(shí)間現(xiàn)在非真實(shí)條件句的虛擬形式if從句動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式（be 多用 were）主句would / should / could / might + 動(dòng)詞原形過(guò)去had +過(guò)去分詞would / should / could / might + have+過(guò)去分詞將來(lái)動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式或 should / were to +動(dòng)詞原形would / should / could / might

3、 + 動(dòng)詞原形與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反If I had HIV, I would know because I would feel sick.If I were you, I would give AIDS patient a hug.與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反If I had taken your advice, I wouldn t have made a mistake.If he had been there, it wouldn t have happened.與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反If it should rain tomorrow, they wouldn t go for an outing.I thin

4、k we could do it, if we planned it properly and could borrow the tools.If we were to have three days off , we would enjoy a very happy life.2、條件句中虛擬語(yǔ)氣的倒裝條件從句中含有 should, were, had三個(gè)助動(dòng)詞并且放在句首時(shí)，可以把 if省略。If I were you, I would give it up.= Were I you, I would give it up.If I had had time, I would have r

5、un round that lake again.=Had I had time, I would have run round that lake again.If there should be a flood, what should we do?= a flood, what should we do?iWj考鏈接I.The rice if you had been more careful.A. would not be burningB. would not burnC. would not have burntD. would not burnt2.If my lawyer he

6、re last Saturday, he me from going.A. had been ; would have preventedhad been ; would preventwere ; would preventwere ; would have preventeddidn t see your sister at the meeting. If she she would have met my brother.A. has comeB. did come C. cameD. had come.for the free tickets, I would not have gon

7、e to the films so often.A. If it is not B. Were it not C. Had it not been D. If they have not.You didn t let me drive. If we in turn, you so tired.A. drove ; didn t getB. drove ; wouldn t getC. were driving ; wouldn tLgetad driven ; wouldn t have got6.If she had worked harder, she.A. would succeed B

8、. had succeeded C. should succeed D. would have succeed7. - If he, he that food.-Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.was warned ; would not takehad been warned ; would not have takenwould be warned ; had not takenwould have been warned ; had not taken8.If it tomorrow, they would not go t

9、here by bike.A. will rainB. rainsC. would rain D. should rain9.it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.A. WereB. ShouldC. WouldD. Will10.If I you, I would not do it.A. amB. wereC. shall beD. being二：虛擬語(yǔ)氣在名詞性從句中用法個(gè)堅(jiān)持：insist; 兩命令： order, command; 三建議： suggest, propose,

10、 advise;五要求： desire, demand, ask, require,request.賓語(yǔ)從句I propose that we (should) set a dead line for handing in the plans.I suggest that we (should) set off at once.I insisted that we (should) decide what to do with him.主語(yǔ)從句It be + 上述動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞+ that sb (should) + doIt is demanded that he (should) leav

11、e at once.It is requested that she (should) give a performance at the party.It is (was) + important / necessary / better / strange / surprising / natural / possible / a pity / no wonder + that sb _ (should) + doIt is best that he (should) set off at once.It is important that everybody (should) be to

12、ld all the facts.3表語(yǔ)從句上述動(dòng)詞的名詞形式 +be+表從 sb (should) + doMy advice is that we (should) send for a doctor.Our suggestion is that you (should) be first to go.His only request is that you (should) give him more time.5.同位語(yǔ)從句Do you know the order that you (should) leave now?高考鏈接insist that a doctor immedia

13、tely.A. has been sent for B. sends for C. will be sent for D. be sent for2.It is suggested that the job done in another way.A. wasB. was to be C. beD. must be.He had an idea that we by bike.A. shall goB. goC. wentD. would go.My suggestion is that the meeting off till tomorrow.free.D. does ; would be

14、 setD. would beD. should startA. to put B. be putC. should put D. be putting.The young man insisted that he nothing wrong andA. did ; set B. had done ; should be set C. do ; be sett is necessary that you present at the discussion.A. will beB. areC. should be.The boss gave orders that the work at onc

15、e.A. will be started B. must be started C. be started.The guard there insisted that everybody the rules.A. obeys B. obey C. will obey D. would obey 三：虛擬在特殊句型中的用法wish /as if/if only現(xiàn)在：過(guò)去時(shí) (did/were)過(guò)去：had done未來(lái)：would/could/might+V.would rather that現(xiàn)在：過(guò)去時(shí) (did/were)過(guò)去：had done未來(lái)：過(guò)去時(shí)wish +賓語(yǔ)從句? I wish

16、 I were a bird.? I wish I hadn t madeasmstake.? We wish our parents wouldn t punish us.as if /though + 從句? She loves the baby as if it were her own son.? It seems as if it were spring.? I remember the whole thing as if it had happened yesterday.? They talked as if they had been friends for years.If

17、only 要愚就好了)? If only I knew his name!? If only we had followed your advice!? If only I could see him again!? 要是我們的父母能和我們住在一起就好了。? 要是我沒(méi)錯(cuò)過(guò)火車就好了！would rather that -? I would rather you paid me now.? I would rather you had gone, too.? Don t comel would rather you came tomorrow.高考鏈接wish I you yesterday.A

18、. seen B. did see C. had seen D. were to see2.When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it.A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken d rather that you there yesterday and again next weekend.A. went ; should come B. should go ; had come C. had gone ; came D. go ; com

19、eThe two strangers talked as if they friends for years.A. should be B. would be C. have been D. had been一 I blamed her yesterday.-I would rather you that.A. didn t do B. hadn t done C. wouldn t do D. shouldn t do一 He is a very brave man.-Yes. I wish I his courage.A. have B. hadC. will have D. would

20、have四：It is time that的虛擬形式It is （high/about） time that動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式 （be -were）/Should doIt is time還可以有其他句型形式，需注意辨析：It is time （for sb.） to do sth.It is time for sthIt is the first/. time that （從句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）e.g:It is the first time that I have visited Beijing.你該立刻走了 （leave）我們?cè)撍X(jué)了 （go to bed）iWj考鏈接t is high time

21、you the bus.A. had caughtB. caught C. will catch D. catch2.It s about time he tothe work.A. begins B. will beginC. begin D. beganIt s high time that we to school.A. would go B. went C. go D. will got is time we up our results.A. sum B. summed C. will sum D. would sum“三種注意”（一）、含蓄條件句含蓄條件句就是虛擬條件暗含在短語(yǔ)或上

22、下文中，從句不表現(xiàn)出來(lái)。這時(shí)，必須根據(jù)句中表述的意義以及某些特定的信息詞，并依據(jù)前文所列舉的四種現(xiàn)象，來(lái)判斷此時(shí)須采用的形式。 Without electricity, human life quite different today.A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be（二）、時(shí)間錯(cuò)綜句從句與主句或上下文所表述的時(shí)間不一致。在這種情況下，我們切不可照搬某種形式，而應(yīng)該按照句中所表述的時(shí)間關(guān)系，再選擇相應(yīng)的虛擬形式。例如：If you had worked hard yesterday, you would be tired now.

23、If the flower had been watered, it now.A. wouldn t die B. is dead C. had been dead D. will not die（三）、虛實(shí)錯(cuò)綜句所謂虛實(shí)錯(cuò)綜句”是指虛擬現(xiàn)象與客觀事實(shí)錯(cuò)綜交織在一起的句子。這就需要我們細(xì)心判斷哪一處是虛擬語(yǔ)氣，哪一處應(yīng)使用陳述語(yǔ)氣。 The young man insisted that he nothing wrong and free.A. did ; setB. had done ; should be setC. do ; be setD. does ; would be set虛擬語(yǔ)

24、氣創(chuàng)新預(yù)測(cè)The doctor recommended that you not swim after eating a large meal.If only I(have) more confidence in the English speech contest held last week!How I wish I(be) free now!it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.If I were young, I(take) part in this camp.My teach

25、er urged I(keep) a diary to improve my writing skills.Id rather he(go) to the seaside with me the day before yesterday.My suggestion is that we(put) up our tents before dark.Its vital that we(take) our safety driving along the road seriously.Its high time that she(get) down to writing her graduation

26、 paper.We had great fun on the beach last weekend. Really? How I wish I(go) there with you.If my father(be) here yesterday, he would have stopped me from going surfing.My sister insisted I(accompany) her to the supermarket.But for her timely help, I(drown) in the river.I was too busy with my coming

27、exam. Otherwise, I(attend) your birthday party.I made a suggestion that he(set) aside some money for later use.We were caught in the heavy rain. If only we(stay) at home.If he had seen the film, he(tell) me about it.The teacher recommended I(pay) attention to protecting my eyesight.My grandmother re

28、quired that I(form) the good habit of being polite.模擬精選(2017 杭州高考科目教學(xué)質(zhì)檢 )The voluntary service saved you a sum of money that you otherwise (spend) on the agency responsible for finding your pets.(2017 河南洛陽(yáng)統(tǒng)考 )No sooner had the words been spoken than he realized that he(remain) silent.(2017 福州質(zhì)量檢測(cè))一W

29、hat if you(forget) to send an essay with your application? I would have been rejected.(2017 陜西質(zhì)量檢測(cè)一)We are close friends. We(face) the problem together, but why didnt you let me know?(2017 河d匕唐山統(tǒng)考 )It was suggested that an armed guard(stand) in readiness, protecting the president.(2017 北京東城統(tǒng)一檢測(cè))一Do

30、you like the school? Yeah. I only wish the classes(be) a little smaller.(2017 浙江金麗衢十二校第二次聯(lián)考)The upset mother thought to herself,If only I(know) whats goi on in my little boys head right now.（2017 安徽安慶二模）Had Yeats stopped writing at age 40, probably he（be） valued as a minor poet now.（2017 遼寧沈陽(yáng)一模）-It（be） cool if I won this contest. I dont think Im good enough, though. Give it a shot. You never know.（2017 遼寧大連三中期末）一Did you make it at last? Yes. But for your help, it（cause） a serious loss.（2017 湖南湘中名校一聯(lián)）一Max looks nervous. So you if you had so fierce a competiton.（2017 浙江湖州八校二次聯(lián)考）一Its a shame