非謂語動詞（共21張PPT）

1、語法互動(九)非謂語動詞中考考點1. 動詞不定式的用法。2. 動名詞的用法。3. 現(xiàn)在分詞或過去分詞的用法。語法互動(九)非謂語動詞不定式有兩種，即帶to的不定式(to動詞原形)和不帶to的不定式。注意：它沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。 1作主語常用it作形式主語，而將真正的主語(動詞不定式)置于句末。常用句型結(jié)構(gòu)為“Itsadj./n.(for/of sb.)to do sth.”。 To ask the teacher for help is necessary. It is necessary to ask the teacher for help.向老師尋求幫助是必要的。考點一 動詞不定式語法互

2、動(九)非謂語動詞2作賓語(1)后接不定式作賓語的動詞有 want, try, decide, hope, need, wish, agree, expect, refuse, learn, remember, forget, would like/love等。I hope _ there before dark. 我希望天黑以前到那兒。(2)在think, find, make等動詞后通常用it作形式賓語，而將不定式移至形容詞之后，構(gòu)成“主語謂語it(形式賓語)賓補(形容詞/名詞)不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。I found it difficult to solve the problem. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)解決這

3、個問題很難。to get語法互動(九)非謂語動詞 3作賓語補足語(1)后面能接帶to的不定式作賓補的動詞有 tell, ask, allow, want, help, wish, teach, warn, invite, would like, encourage等。The teacher told us _ Exercise 1.老師告訴我們做練習一。(2)使役動詞let, make, have和感官動詞see，hear, watch, notice, feel等后要用不帶to的動詞不定式作賓補。但是，當上述動詞變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，其后的不定式必須補上to。We often hear her s

4、ing. 我們經(jīng)常聽見她唱歌。被動語態(tài)： She is often heard to sing.to do語法互動(九)非謂語動詞 4作狀語常見的狀語有目的狀語、原因狀語、結(jié)果狀語等。Mr. Lee will go to Hangzhou to visit the West Lake. 李先生將會去杭州參觀西湖。(作目的狀語) 5作定語動詞不定式作定語時，放在被修飾的名詞的后面，作后置定語。I dont have a partner to practice English with.我沒有一個一起練習英語的同伴。語法互動(九)非謂語動詞 6作表語Their duty is _the anima

5、ls. 他們的職責是照看動物。7. “疑問詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)動詞不定式可以和what, which, when, where, how等疑問詞連用，構(gòu)成不定式短語，在句中作主語、賓語、表語、賓語補足語等。He doesnt know _. 他不知道要穿什么。(作賓語)提醒 動詞不定式的否定結(jié)構(gòu)為“not to do sth.”。to look after/take care ofwhat to wear語法互動(九)非謂語動詞巧記 接不定式作賓語的動詞：三個希望兩答應，兩個要求莫拒絕；設法學會做決定，不要假裝在選擇。妙語詮釋 三個希望兩答應：hope, wish, want, agree, pro

6、mise兩個要求莫拒絕：demand, ask, refuse設法學會做決定：manage, learn, decide不要假裝在選擇：pretend, choose語法互動(九)非謂語動詞動名詞由“動詞原形ing”構(gòu)成，其與現(xiàn)在分詞同形。動名詞既有動詞的性質(zhì)，也有名詞的性質(zhì)。1作主語Playing computer games too much is bad for your eyes.過度地玩電腦游戲?qū)δ愕难劬τ泻Α用~作主語和動詞不定式作主語，在很多情況下可以通用。2作賓語 常接動名詞作賓語的動詞或短語有 enjoy, finish, consider(考慮), miss, keep,

7、 mind, practice, suggest, be busy, feel like, give up, cant help, avoid, be used to, be worth, be afraid of, be proud of, be interested in, cant stop, keep/stopfrom, look forward to, put off, have fun等。考點二 動名詞語法互動(九)非謂語動詞Have you finished _ the book?你讀完這本書了嗎？3作表語The nurses job is _the patients.護士的工作

8、是照顧病人。4作定語I often go to the _ 我經(jīng)常去閱覽室。 looking after/taking care of reading roomreading語法互動(九)非謂語動詞提醒 有些詞后既可接不定式又可接v.-ing形式作賓語，但表達的意義不同。常見短語：(1)stop to do sth.停下來去做另外一件事(不定式作目的狀語)stop doing sth.停止做某事(v.ing作賓語)(2)try to do sth. 試圖(企圖)做某事；盡力做某事 try doing sth.嘗試著做某事(3)forget to do sth.忘記要去做某事(還沒做)forge

9、t doing sth.忘記做過了某事(已做)(4)remember to do sth.記著要去做某事(還沒做)remember doing sth.記得做過了某事(已做)語法互動(九)非謂語動詞(5)go on to do sth.做完一件事后繼續(xù)做另外一件不同的事go on doing sth.繼續(xù)做原來所做的事(6)sth. need doing(某事)需要做(被動含義)need to do sth. 需要去做某事(主動含義)語法互動(九)非謂語動詞 分詞分為現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞兩種?，F(xiàn)在分詞(v.ing)有主動、進行之意；過去分詞(v.ed)有被動、完成之意。1作定語China is

10、a _ country. America is a _ country.中國是一個發(fā)展中國家，美國是一個發(fā)達國家。I know the boy called Li Ming. 我認識那個叫李明的男孩。2作表語The book is interesting. Im interested in it. 這本書很有趣，我對它感興趣。考點三 分詞developingdeveloped語法互動(九)非謂語動詞3作賓語補足語I saw her going upstairs.我看見她正在上樓。I want to have some photos taken. 我想拍幾張照片。4作狀語Laughing and

11、 talking, they went into the room.他們有說有笑地走進了房間。語法互動(九)非謂語動詞5現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的區(qū)別(1)在語態(tài)上，現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動，過去分詞表示被動。the surprising news 令人驚訝的新聞a surprised look 驚訝的神色(2)在時間上，現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進行的動作，過去分詞表示已經(jīng)完成的動作。 the developing country 發(fā)展中國家the developed country 發(fā)達國家語法互動(九)非謂語動詞6易混結(jié)構(gòu) 使役動詞(make, keep, let, have等)易混結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)分。如have sb

12、. doing sth. 與have sth. done 的區(qū)別：(1)have sb. doing sth. 意為“讓某人一直做某事”， doing這個動作具有持續(xù)性。The teacher had the boys standing all day. 老師讓男生們罰站了一整天。(2)have sth. done 意為“讓某人做某事”，相當于ask sb. to do sth., done 表示讓他人完成，有被動之意。I had my computer repaired yesterday. 昨天我讓人修理了我的電腦。語法互動(九)非謂語動詞用括號中所給單詞的適當形式填空語法互動(九)非謂語

13、動詞1 The kids had fun_in the water. 2Why not_an English club to practice English?3We decided_the Great Wall this summer holiday. 4To reduce air pollution, wed better ride more often instead of_. 5She didnt know which sweater_. visitswimjoinchoosedriveswimmingjointo visitdrivingto choose語法互動(九)非謂語動詞.單

14、項選擇1Its nice of you_me. Ahelp Bto helpChelpingDhelps2I saw some boys_football when I passed the playground. Aplayed Bplays Cplaying Dto playBC解析 see sb. doing sth.意為“看見某人正在做某事”。語法互動(九)非謂語動詞3Many foreigners come to China _Chinese. Astudy Bto study Cstudying Dstudied4My mother asks me_ on the street,

15、because its too dangerous. Aplay Bto play Cnot to play Dto not play5Which dress do you like best, Madam? Sorry, I cant decide_ now. Ato buy which one Bbuy which one Cwhich one to buy Dwhich I should buy itBCC語法互動(九)非謂語動詞6The workers are made_over eight hours a day. Awork Bto work Cworking Dworked7The local government plans to let tourists _ the newly-developed island. Avisit Bvisits Cvisiting Dvisited8It took Jane three hours _ reading this interesting story