英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法詞性和句子成分ppt課件(PPT 33頁(yè))

1、英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)鞏固1第1頁(yè)，共33頁(yè)。 一、詞性的分類 2第2頁(yè)，共33頁(yè)。一、詞性的分類詞類又叫詞性（part of speech），英語(yǔ)單詞根據(jù)其在句子中的功用，可以分十個(gè)大類。 1 名詞 noun n. 2 代詞 pronoun pron. 3 形容詞 adjective adj. 4 副詞 adverb adv. 5 動(dòng)詞 verb v. 6 數(shù)詞 numeral num. 7 冠詞 article art. 8 介詞 preposition prep. 9 連詞 conjunction conj. 10 感嘆詞 interjection interj.3第3頁(yè)，共33頁(yè)。其他詞性縮

2、寫(xiě)c = 可數(shù)名詞，countable noun的縮寫(xiě) u = 不可數(shù)名詞，uncountable noun的縮寫(xiě)pl = 復(fù)數(shù)，plural的縮寫(xiě) vi = 不及物動(dòng)詞，intransitive verb的縮寫(xiě) vt = 及物動(dòng)詞，transitive verb的縮寫(xiě)4第4頁(yè)，共33頁(yè)。you 你happy 高興的 three 三 quickly 迅速地 student 學(xué)生 cut 砍、割 a 一個(gè) at 在. and 和 oh 哦pron. adj. num. adv. n. v. art. prep. conj. interj. (感嘆詞)Ex. Write down the part

3、 of speech of the following words:5第5頁(yè)，共33頁(yè)。十大詞類名詞-表示人或事物的名稱形容詞-表示人或事物的特征副詞-修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、或其他副詞動(dòng)詞-表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)代詞-代替名詞、數(shù)詞數(shù)詞-表示數(shù)量或順序冠詞-限制名詞的意義介詞-表示名詞、代詞和其他詞的關(guān)系連詞-連接詞與詞或句與句6第6頁(yè)，共33頁(yè)。 二、英語(yǔ)句子成分 7第7頁(yè)，共33頁(yè)。（一）主語(yǔ)：一個(gè)句子所敘述的主體，表示句子所說(shuō)的是：“什么人”或“什么事物”1. We often speak English in class.2. Smoking does harm to the health. 3.

4、 The rich should help the poor.4. It is necessary to master a foreign language.主語(yǔ)的位置是？1.一般位于句首或謂語(yǔ)之前。8第8頁(yè)，共33頁(yè)。Is your father a lawyer or a doctor ? Has she got a big flat ?Shall we have a swim with your friends ?2. 疑問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)在系動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后 Sit down, please. Come in, please.3. 祈使句中主語(yǔ)常省略9第9頁(yè)，共33頁(yè)。 Gone a

5、re the days when farmers live in the poor houses. No sooner had she given him a welcome than she went in to prepare him a meal. Only in this way can we solve the problem.There is a clock on the wall.Once there lived a king called Lear.There goes the bell!倒裝句的主語(yǔ)在系動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后There be結(jié)構(gòu)中主語(yǔ)在be動(dòng)詞之后10第1

6、0頁(yè)，共33頁(yè)。（名詞）（代詞）（數(shù)詞）（動(dòng)名詞）（從句）1. One-third is produced. 2. Running does good to the health.3. When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.4. During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.5. To swim in the river is a great pleasure.6. The rich should help

7、 the poor.7. It is necessary to master a foreign language.8. We often speak English in class.（不定式）（名詞化的形容詞）（it作形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)為后面的不定式）11第11頁(yè)，共33頁(yè)。1. Honest is a fine quality of human beings and therefore we should not tell lies.2. Help others is to help ourselves.3. Do a lot of housework day and night ma

8、de Catherine become weaker and weaker.4. Liuxiang got the first place in the 2004 Olympic Games shocked people all over the world.5. In my opinion, visit universities is just a popular culture.單句改錯(cuò)（只有一處錯(cuò)誤）。 12第12頁(yè)，共33頁(yè)。（二）謂語(yǔ)：1、簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ)：由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。He practices running every morning.She takes good care

9、of her sick mother.2、復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)：（1）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形。He can speak French very fluently.She doesnt seem to like dancing.（2）系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)。The film is interesting.He looked a bit excited.13第13頁(yè)，共33頁(yè)。6. It is warm here all the year round because Guangzhou located in the middle of Guangdong province.7. To get prepared for th

10、e Asian Games, Guangzhou built 82 sports courts so far.8. It not only have a lot of high-rise building, but is also famous for the scenic spots.9. Can it attracts the tourists from home and abroad?單句改錯(cuò)（只有一處錯(cuò)誤）。 14第14頁(yè)，共33頁(yè)。（三）賓語(yǔ)：賓語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承受者，一般位于及物動(dòng)詞和介詞后面。1. They went to see an exhibition yesterday

11、.2. Please take them to the waiting room.3. I have three.4. They helped the old with their housework yesterday.5. He pretended not to see me.6. Mary enjoys playing the piano.7. I think（that）he is fit for his office.（名詞）（代詞）（數(shù)詞）（名詞化形容詞）（不定式短語(yǔ)）（動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)）（從句）15第15頁(yè)，共33頁(yè)。（1）雙賓語(yǔ)（間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)） Lend me your dict

12、ionary, please.（2）復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)（賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)） They elected him their monitor. We consider the answer wrong. 16第16頁(yè)，共33頁(yè)。（四）表語(yǔ)：表語(yǔ)用以說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的身份、特征和狀態(tài)，它一般位于系動(dòng)詞之后。1. Yang Liwei is an astronaut.2. Thats all I want to tell you.3. Three times four is twelve.4. The weather has turned warm.5. The speech is exciting and the stud

13、ents are excited.6. His hobby is playing football.7. My job is to teach English.8. Our teacher isnt in. He is out.9. He is in good health.10. The truth is that he has never been abroad.17第17頁(yè)，共33頁(yè)。系動(dòng)詞：描述穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)：be描述變化或結(jié)果：get, become, turn, grow, go, prove, fall描述表象或感官效果：look, appear, seem, smell, taste

14、, sound, feel,描述持續(xù)狀態(tài)：keep, stay, remain, 18第18頁(yè)，共33頁(yè)。（五）定語(yǔ)：起修飾作用，翻譯成“的”1. He is a clever boy.2. Your hair needs cutting.3. Theres only one way to do it.4. There is a baby girl.5. We can not use sleeping pills at random.6. The retired worker find life boring.7. Thats the way to do it.8. This is a map

15、 of China.9. Can you help me to clean the room above.10. The car thats parked outside is mine. 19第19頁(yè)，共33頁(yè)。狀語(yǔ)(副詞)的位置：1. She speaks French fluently.2. I usually eat breakfast at home.3. You neednt always help me.4. He is always complaining.5. The local people are very kind to the visitors.6. The room

16、 is big enough to hold 80 people.7. He never studies. Instead, he plays all day.謂語(yǔ)(+賓語(yǔ))后頻度副詞位于被修飾動(dòng)詞前，be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后。被修飾詞前(enough特殊)修飾全句或起連接作用的副詞放在句首（六）狀語(yǔ)：修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子20第20頁(yè)，共33頁(yè)。1. How about meeting again at six?2. Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain.3. I shall go the

17、re if it doesnt rain.4. Mr. Smith lives on the third floor.5. She put the eggs into the basket with great care. （時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)） （原因狀語(yǔ)） （條件狀語(yǔ)） （地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)） （方式狀語(yǔ)）狀語(yǔ)的種類：21第21頁(yè)，共33頁(yè)。6. She came in with a dictionary in her hand.7. In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.8. He was so tired that he fell

18、 asleep immediately.9. She works very hard though she is old.10. I am taller than he is.（伴隨狀語(yǔ)） （目的狀語(yǔ)） （結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)） （讓步狀語(yǔ)） （比較狀語(yǔ)）22第22頁(yè)，共33頁(yè)。（七）補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ): 補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)，使句意完整。1. His father named him Dongming.2. They painted their boat white.3. Please let him in.4. The teacher advised the students to have a rest.5

19、. I see her entering a supermarket.6. He just had his hair cut. 23第23頁(yè)，共33頁(yè)。劃分句子成份1. The machine runs smoothly.2. Why he did it will remain a puzzle forever.3. They have set up a network of financial advice centre.4. Mr. Chen, the director of Grade 3, is known for his humor.5. The man went to the sh

20、op with all the money he had.24第24頁(yè)，共33頁(yè)。6. He left here at six in the morning in order to catch the plane. 7. Our English teacher, Ms Wang, is very kind to us. 8. To our surprise, he has changed greatly. 9. It is not a good idea to drive for four hours without a break. 10. She was the second to ent

21、er the reading room.25第25頁(yè)，共33頁(yè)。 11. His hair has turned gray, and lines have appeared on his face. 12. She is looking into the box. 13. Mr. Wu told us a funny story yesterday. 14. He bought me a pen. 15. We made him our monitor. 16. He asked me to help him out of the debt. 26第26頁(yè)，共33頁(yè)。 三、句子類型 按結(jié)構(gòu)分1

22、、簡(jiǎn)單句2、并列句3、復(fù)合句27第27頁(yè)，共33頁(yè)。簡(jiǎn)單句: 由一個(gè)主語(yǔ)（或并列主語(yǔ)）和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)（或并列謂語(yǔ)）構(gòu)成的句子。即一套主謂關(guān)系。All roads lead to Rome.1、一個(gè)主語(yǔ)和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞The teacher and the children are playing.2、并列主語(yǔ)和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞He got up, dressed quickly, washed himself and went out.3、一個(gè)主語(yǔ)和并列謂語(yǔ)Tom and Mary came and gave me a present.4、并列主語(yǔ)和并列謂語(yǔ)28第28頁(yè)，共33頁(yè)。I . 簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基

23、本句型1、主語(yǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞：We work.2、主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)：He is a student.3、主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)：4、主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+雙賓語(yǔ)(間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ))5、主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)(賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ))29第29頁(yè)，共33頁(yè)。判斷下列簡(jiǎn)單句的類型(1) The problem is hard to solve.(2) The pen writes smoothly.(3) I showed him my old pictures.(4) Barking dogs seldom bite.(5) We enjoy ourselves this New Years Day this year. (6) Helens face turned red.(7) He admits his mistakes.(8) Mother cooked me a delicious meal.(9) I saw a cat running across the road.(10) New methods make the job easy.30第30頁(yè)，共33頁(yè)。Ex. 判斷下列句子是簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句還是復(fù)合句：1. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.2. The b