解題指導(dǎo)三：如何完勝閱讀理解課件

1、自修課三：如何完勝閱讀理解題目怎么命一明確4大題型關(guān)注10大常考處閱讀理解?？嫉?大題型1閱讀理解?？嫉?大題型細(xì)節(jié)理解題要求考生對文章中的特定細(xì)節(jié)或具體事實進行判斷和認(rèn)定。一般來說，此類題目多屬直接解答性問題，是高考閱讀的四個題型中難度最小的一種。它的得分率相對較高，所占的比重較大，是我們做好閱讀理解、奪取高分的基礎(chǔ)，此類題目，只要細(xì)心就能做對。細(xì)節(jié)理解題01閱讀理解?？嫉?大題型常見提問方式How was the fire put out according to the text?We learn from the text that on 24 May _.If you take th

2、e evening program at the International House, you will pay about _.Which of the following shows the right order of what happened to the diary?Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the text? 細(xì)節(jié)理解題01閱讀理解?？嫉?大題型正確選項特征一般可以在文章中直接或間接找到答案，但是不可能與閱讀材料一模一樣，而是用不同的詞語或句型去表達(dá)相同的意思。題干和正確項的信息值之和等于或者

3、約等于原文中某句的信息值。細(xì)節(jié)理解題01閱讀理解?？嫉?大題型干擾選項特征與短文細(xì)節(jié)部分相吻合，部分相悖。是短文細(xì)節(jié)，但不符合題干要求。是短文細(xì)節(jié)，但不是要點或主要論據(jù)。符合常識，但不是文章內(nèi)容。明顯與短文細(xì)節(jié)不符或短文未提及。與原句的內(nèi)容極為相似，只是在程度上有些變動。細(xì)節(jié)理解題01閱讀理解?？嫉?大題型細(xì)節(jié)理解題01示例(2014新課標(biāo)全國卷閱讀B節(jié)選)Since the first Earth Day in 1970, Americans have gotten a lot “greener” toward the environment. “We didnt know at that

4、time that there even was an environment, let alone that there was a problem with it，” says Bruce Anderson, president of Earth Day USA. But what began as nothing important in public affairs has grown into a social movement. Business people, political leaders, university professors, and especially mil

5、lions of grassroots Americans are taking part in the movement. “The understanding has increased many, many times，” says Gaylord Nelson, the former governor from Wisconsin, who thought up the first Earth Day.Great improvement has been achieved. In 1988 there were only 600 recycling programs; today in

6、 1995 there are about 6,600. Advanced lights, motors, and building designs have helped save a lot of energy and therefore prevented pollution.2022/7/18閱讀理解常考的4大題型25According to Anderson, before 1970, Americans had little idea about _.Athe social movement Brecycling techniquesCenvironmental problemsD

7、the importance of Earth Day【分析】A項指社會運動，原文中未提及，與文章主題不符；B項指回收的技巧，文章第四段有提及，是文章細(xì)節(jié)，但范圍太窄；C項中environmental problems是原文第一段第二句中a problem with it的同義替換，故C項正確；D項指地球日的重要性，雖然在第一、二段中提及了地球日，但不符合題干要求。 閱讀理解?？嫉?大題型詞義猜測題不是考查考生的詞匯量，而是要求考生根據(jù)上下文中的已知信息對單詞或詞組的具體語義和代詞、名詞的指代問題進行合理推測。涉及的詞語有四類：熟詞新義、生僻單詞、詞組短語和代詞。詞義猜測題02閱讀理解?？嫉?

8、大題型常見提問方式What does the underlined word “hassle” (Paragraph 1) probably mean?The word “verifying” in Paragraph 3 can be replaced by _.What did Cory Luxmoore mean when he said “Im on high”？詞義猜測題02閱讀理解?？嫉?大題型正確選項特征與原文上下文聯(lián)系非常緊密。可以通過上下文內(nèi)容的提示確定，原文提示的方式一般有：定義和解釋、描述和例證、同義和反義、平行關(guān)系以及構(gòu)詞法等。詞義猜測題02閱讀理解?？嫉?大題型干擾選

9、項特征與上下文并不相吻合的我們所熟悉的定義。與上下文似乎相吻合的錯誤定義。詞義猜測題02閱讀理解常考的4大題型詞義猜測題02示例(2014北京高考閱讀D節(jié)選)Some years ago, the focus for brand name shopping was on a few people with sales assistants disproving attitude and donttouchwhatyoucantafford displays. Now the rise of electronic commerce (ecommerce) has opened up famous

10、 brands to a wider audience. But while eshops can use sights and sounds, only bricksandmortar stores (實體店) can offer a full experience from the minute customers step through the door to the moment they leave. Another brand store seeks to be much more than a shop, but rather a destination. And scent

11、is just one way to achieve this.69The underlined word “destination” in Paragraph 5 means _.Aa platform that exhibits goodsBa spot where travelers like to stayCa place where customers love to goDa target that a store expects to meet【分析】A項指展出商品的櫥窗，本選項有很大的干擾性，細(xì)讀前文可知，前文雖然提到shop (商店)，但與上文信息“offer a full

12、experience .”不符；B項中travelers (旅行者)與上文customers不符；C項指顧客喜歡去的地方，與前文信息“offer a full experience .”相符；D項指商店期望達(dá)到的目標(biāo)，與前文信息出入很大。閱讀理解?？嫉?大題型推理判斷題要求考生由文章中已知信息出發(fā)，對題干要求的內(nèi)容進行合理化推測，大多會問及文章的暗示、推論、結(jié)論、人物的身份和關(guān)系、作者的觀點、態(tài)度和語氣等。這類試題，除了需要準(zhǔn)確、透徹地理解短文、理順文章的脈絡(luò)，還要求考生有一定的思考提煉和邏輯推理的能力。該題型在高考閱讀理解中難度較大，是取得高分必須要攻破的一道難關(guān)。推理判斷題03閱讀理解?？?/p>

13、的4大題型常見提問方式After reading the story what can we infer about the hospital?We may learn from the text that Sue Townsend is _.Which of the following best describes how the writer feels about stage schools? It can be concluded that the passage is most probably part of a(n) _.推理判斷題03閱讀理解?？嫉?大題型正確選項特征“立足原文

14、，只推一步”，即根據(jù)原文內(nèi)容，一步即可推得。選項中一般不可以出現(xiàn)絕對概念，如only, never, all, absolutely等，正確答案的表述一般有一點模糊，會用一些相對能夠留下一些余地的詞匯，如often, usually, sometimes, some, may, might, can, could, possibly, probably等。推理判斷題03閱讀理解?？嫉?大題型干擾選項特征與常識相吻合，但并不是從短文內(nèi)容推知的，不是基于文章。看似從原文推斷出來的結(jié)論，然而實際上與原文不符。推理過頭，引申過度。偏離文章主題，屬主觀臆斷的結(jié)論。是短文內(nèi)容的簡單重述，而非推斷出來的結(jié)論

15、，把直接表達(dá)當(dāng)作間接推理。推理判斷題03閱讀理解?？嫉?大題型推理判斷題03示例(2014山東高考閱讀D節(jié)選)Serval says he was inspired by his experience as a father. He would come home from work and ask his kids if they had brushed their teeth. They said “yes，” but Serval would find their toothbrush heads dry. He decided he needed a brush that really

16、 told him how well his children brushed.60What can we infer about Servals children?AThey were unwilling to brush their teeth.BThey often failed to clean their toothbrushes.CThey preferred to use a toothbrush with a dry head.DThey liked brushing their teeth after Serval came home.【分析】A項根據(jù)原文第五段中的“. bu

17、t Serval would find their toothbrush heads dry”一步即可推得，孩子們沒有刷牙，說明孩子們不愿意刷牙；B項為推理過頭，選項中“failed to clean their toothbrushes”屬于主觀臆斷；C項干擾性較大，雖然原文中有“their toothbrush heads dry”，但并非指“a toothbrush with a dry head”；D項也屬于推理過頭，從原文只能推斷出孩子們不愿意刷牙，而推斷不出孩子們喜歡Serval回家后刷牙。閱讀理解?？嫉?大題型主旨大意題考查考生能否分辨主題和細(xì)節(jié)、是否具備提綱挈領(lǐng)的能力。大多會問

18、及短文主題、標(biāo)題、作者的寫作意圖、短文的學(xué)科分類及讀者對象等。這類題型要求考生在閱讀后進行概括，找出短文各要點間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系和共性，從而歸納出短文的主旨和大意。該題型屬于中等難度試題，在近五年的高考試題中所占比重較大，平均占到總題量的四分之一左右。主旨大意題04閱讀理解?？嫉?大題型常見提問方式What does the second paragraph mainly discuss?What is the subject discussed in the text?What would be the best title for the text?The main purpose of wri

19、ting this text is _.主旨大意題04閱讀理解常考的4大題型正確選項特征涵蓋性強，覆蓋全文。確定的范圍恰當(dāng)，既不太大，也不太小。精確性強，不會改變語言表意的程度及色彩。主旨大意題04閱讀理解常考的4大題型干擾選項特征覆蓋面太大、太籠統(tǒng)，大大超出了短文論述的范圍。覆蓋面偏窄，在內(nèi)容上只涉及短文的某一部分或若干要點；僅為短文的某一要點甚至某一細(xì)節(jié)。與短文有部分交集，但偏離文章主題，有重疊但不重合。主旨大意題04閱讀理解常考的4大題型主旨大意題04示例(2014福建高考閱讀A)It was Mothers Day morning last year and I was doing s

20、hopping at our local supermarket with my five-year-old son, Tenyson. As we were leaving, we found that only minutes earlier an elderly woman had fallen over at the entrance and had hit her head on the concrete. Her husband was with her, but there was blood everywhere and the woman was embarrassed an

21、d clearly in shock. Walking towards the scene, Tenyson became very upset about what had happened to the couple. He said to me, “Mum, its not much fun falling over in front of everyone.” At the front of the supermarket, a charity (慈善) group had set up a stand selling cooked sausages and flowers to ra

22、ise funds. Tenyson suggested that we should buy the lady a flower. “It will make her feel better，” he said. I was amazed that hed come up with this sweet idea. So we went over to the flower seller and asked her if we could buy a flower for the lady to cheer her up. “Just take it，” she replied. “I ca

23、nt take your money for such a wonderful gesture.” By now paramedics (急救人員) had arrived, and were attending to the injured woman. As we walked up to her, my son became intimidated by all the blood and medical equipment. He said he was just too scared to go up to her. Instead I gave the flower to the

24、womans husband and told him，“My son was very upset for your wife and wanted to give her this flower to make her feel better.” At that, the old man started crying and said, “Thank you so much, you have a wonderful son. Happy Mothers Day to you.” The man then bent down and gave his wife the flower, te

25、lling her who it was from. Though badly hurt and shaken, the old lady looked up at Tenyson with love in her eyes and gave him a little smile.2022/7/1859What would be the best title for the passage?AFlower PowerBMothers DayCAn Accidental InjuryDAn Embarrassing Moment【分析】A項，本文主要講述Tenyson買花送給摔倒的老太太，老太太

26、深受感動，可知本文的最佳標(biāo)題是“花的力量”；B項“母親節(jié)”，題目太大，超出了文章論述的范圍；C項“一次意外的受傷”，內(nèi)涵較小，無法涵蓋本文的主題；D項“一個尷尬的時刻”與文章內(nèi)容完全不符。閱讀理解?？嫉?大題型 正確選項的正確選項的5種命制規(guī)律同義替換同義替換是歷年高考閱讀題的出題者常用的設(shè)置障礙的技巧，需要注意的是，有時為了增加難度，出題者在保證含義不變的前提下故意將正確選項的句子結(jié)構(gòu)加以改變。正確選項的5種命題規(guī)律簡化總結(jié)/合理推斷閱讀理解設(shè)計選項的一條原則是盡量使用簡練的語言和較少的詞語，這就是為什么很多正確選項具有較強的概括性，它們其實就是對原文的簡化和總結(jié)，并且這些選項能夠?qū)υ膬?nèi)容

27、作出合乎情理的推斷。正話反說即選項用否定的方式(如雙重否定句)來表述文中用肯定方式所表述的內(nèi)容，兩者的意思相同。正確選項的5種命題規(guī)律反話正說即文中用否定方式來表達(dá)的內(nèi)容，在選項中用肯定的方式把同樣的意思表達(dá)出來。合理猜測此類題目通常為語義理解題，正確選項通常能夠根據(jù)上下文提供的線索，對文中的關(guān)鍵詞、短語或句子在特定語境下的含義作出合理的推測。 干擾選項的5種命制規(guī)律無中生有此類干擾項具有的一個特點是憑空捏造，但所“造”的內(nèi)容通常與文章所談?wù)摰膯栴}相關(guān)，并且看上去很符合提出的問題，而事實上文章中根本沒有談及干擾項的內(nèi)容。干擾選項的5種命題規(guī)律曲解文意閱讀理解題中有些選項來自文章中的某一句或某幾

28、句話，命題者可能利用里面的字詞設(shè)計出干擾項，看似表達(dá)文章的意思，其實是借題發(fā)揮，是對原文意思的曲解。張冠李戴要起到干擾的效果，高考命題專家常用的一個手段就是張冠李戴。通過使用原文中出現(xiàn)的詞匯甚至句式，把本來適用于一種情況的內(nèi)容移用到其他情況。干擾選項的5種命題規(guī)律顛倒是非干擾項的內(nèi)容常涉及原文中提及的一些內(nèi)容或現(xiàn)象，但選項的意思可能與原文恰恰相反。以偏概全以偏概全一般是全文主旨題或段落主旨題中的選項，指的是用文章某個段落的論點來代替整篇文章的中心思想或者用段落的論據(jù)來概括段落的大意等。命題人常關(guān)注的10大?？继?命題人常關(guān)注的10大?？继師o論是議論文還是說明文，一篇文章往往分成幾個部分或?qū)哟芜M

29、行說明和論證，每個段落一般都是一個部分或者一個層次。英美作者寫文章的邏輯性非常強，文章結(jié)構(gòu)都非常規(guī)范，因此每個段落的首句和尾句也經(jīng)常是該段落的主旨句，也是出題的重點區(qū)域。段首、段尾處?？?1命題人常關(guān)注的10大常考處文章的轉(zhuǎn)折處也是體現(xiàn)作者觀點和文章主題的地方，作者經(jīng)常通過先抑后揚的方法在轉(zhuǎn)折詞之后才明確提出自己的觀點。轉(zhuǎn)折詞前后的意思一般來說都是相反的，而作者會偏重其中的某一方。因此，在閱讀過程中看到轉(zhuǎn)折詞，考生最好能作上標(biāo)記以方便做題時查找。一些明顯的轉(zhuǎn)折詞包括but, however, on the contrary, yet(句首), still(句首), as a matter of

30、 fact, in fact等。轉(zhuǎn)折處?？?2命題人常關(guān)注的10大?？继幜硗?，作者也經(jīng)常把兩個事物、兩件事實、兩種觀點進行對比，從而論證自己觀點的正確性。表示對比的一些標(biāo)志性詞語有by contrast, in comparison, be compared with等。特別需要指出的是，只要文章第一段中出現(xiàn)一組對比的概念或事物，這個地方往往會成為考題的命題重點，考生應(yīng)掌握這一規(guī)律，在看到文章首段出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折對比的內(nèi)容時，應(yīng)當(dāng)立即集中注意力，同時還要明白，第一段出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系時，轉(zhuǎn)折后所表述的一定是文章的主旨，而在首段出現(xiàn)的對照或?qū)Ρ鹊膬?nèi)容將在下文中進行具體的議論，并在文章最后得出結(jié)論。對比、比較處

31、常考03命題人常關(guān)注的10大?？继幰蚬壿嬯P(guān)系也很受高考英語命題者青睞，因為因果句闡述了兩個事件或者事實之間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，是作者進行分析或者得出結(jié)論的地方。出題者為了考查考生的閱讀能力和邏輯分析能力，經(jīng)常會將因果顛倒，考生需要注意辨別實際的因果關(guān)系，防止受到迷惑。表示因果關(guān)系的詞語有：because, because of, for, since, due to, thanks to, as a result of, as, so, thus, therefore, consequently, in consequence, as a result, result from, result in

32、, cause, lead to, attribute . to等。有時候文章中雖然沒有出現(xiàn)表示因果關(guān)系的標(biāo)志性詞語，但是在邏輯上也存在著因果關(guān)系，這個時候考生就需要自己進行判斷和推理。因果處常考04命題人常關(guān)注的10大?？继幰话愕淖h論文和說明文都需要一些例子來支持作者的論證和說明，這些例子往往與作者的說明和論述有很大的關(guān)聯(lián)，考綱中明確提出考生需要掌握區(qū)分論點與論據(jù)的能力，因此這也成了考題出處的熱點。這種題目在文章中的線索非常明顯，一般都帶有如下的標(biāo)志性詞匯：for example, for instance, take . as an example, such as, like等?？忌?/p>

33、記一般文章舉例處的前后句就是與該例子相關(guān)的作者論點，所以在做此類題目的時候就需要追本溯源，尋找觀點，才能保證所選答案的正確率。舉例說明處?？?5命題人常關(guān)注的10大常考處(1)冒號：冒號出現(xiàn)有兩大作用后面內(nèi)容用來解釋說明前面抽象的內(nèi)容；后面是對前面內(nèi)容的總結(jié)。不管是解釋還是總結(jié)，出現(xiàn)冒號通常都選擇讀冒號后面的內(nèi)容。(2)括號：括號中間的內(nèi)容通常用來解釋或強調(diào)括號前面的內(nèi)容，我們在平時的學(xué)習(xí)過程中見到括號一般都跳過，但是在英語中通常要強調(diào)的內(nèi)容放在括號中，因此不可以跳過，反而要認(rèn)真仔細(xì)分析。(3)破折號：破折號后面的內(nèi)容表示對前面內(nèi)容的解釋說明或補充，說明此處信息至關(guān)重要。但要注意，兩個破折號的

34、作用通常為插入語，就不再是重點信息。特殊標(biāo)點處?？?6命題人常關(guān)注的10大常考處議論文或說明文中經(jīng)常引用他人的觀點來支持作者的觀點。引文有可能是從正面來支持作者的觀點，也有可能是作者通過駁斥反面觀點從而論證自己的觀點。因此，引文間接地表達(dá)了作者自己的觀點，有一定的隱蔽性和迷惑性，同時也是出題者考查的熱點區(qū)域，通常會考查考生的推理能力和對作者態(tài)度觀點的判斷能力。引言處?？?7命題人常關(guān)注的10大?？继幰话闱闆r下出現(xiàn)the research indicates, the report suggests等類似的結(jié)論建議性表達(dá)方式時，表明此處為文中提及的實驗和研究的結(jié)果或作者要闡明論證的結(jié)果。出題者通

35、常不會考查實驗研究的過程，而將注意力放在結(jié)論結(jié)果上，因此做題過程中要格外注意這些表達(dá)的出現(xiàn)。結(jié)論建議處?？?8命題人常關(guān)注的10大?？继帪榱撕啙嵜髁说乇磉_(dá)事物及其邏輯關(guān)系，作者常會利用各種代詞、名詞來代替前面提到過的人、物或事。當(dāng)指代詞前后的句子結(jié)構(gòu)比較復(fù)雜、指代詞與其代替的人、物或事相隔較遠(yuǎn)或指代詞周圍出現(xiàn)多個事物時，這種指代關(guān)系往往不容易一下區(qū)分清楚，因而常常受到出題人的青睞。指代處常考09命題人常關(guān)注的10大?？继幬恼轮凶髡邔τ谀橙嘶蚰呈挛锏挠^點或態(tài)度，以及文章中涉及的其他人或組織機構(gòu)的觀點或態(tài)度也常受出題人青睞。解題時要留意文章中出現(xiàn)doubt, appreciate, hate, a

36、gainst等表達(dá)觀點態(tài)度的詞語的地方，以及一些帶有感情色彩的特殊句式(祈使句、感嘆句、反問句等)。觀點態(tài)度處?？?0文章怎么讀二推薦3種方式 標(biāo)記4類詞匯閱讀常見的3種方式1第1種：讀文章做題目回頭查讀文章閱讀常見的3種方式第2種：讀題目(題干選項)讀文章做題目第3種：讀主題讀題目讀全文做題目讀文需標(biāo)記的4類詞匯2時間和概念名詞時間、地點、人名、機構(gòu)組織和新事物新發(fā)現(xiàn)等。讀文需標(biāo)記的4類詞匯態(tài)度詞和語氣詞態(tài)度詞多為形容詞和副詞，也有少數(shù)動詞和名詞，能表示作者的觀點態(tài)度，體現(xiàn)褒貶色彩和正負(fù)評價。 例如good, bad, wonderful, tired, excited等。極端詞和程度詞形容

37、詞、副詞的最高級以及only, perfect等表示獨一無二、無以復(fù)加的詞匯。程度詞指的是表示程度的那些副詞，例如seriously, slightly, hardly, easily, poorly等。讀文需標(biāo)記的4類詞匯邏輯詞和關(guān)系詞能體現(xiàn)文章內(nèi)部邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)、信息流動方向的詞，一般是連詞。例如：(1)表示轉(zhuǎn)折的詞包括but, however, on the contrary, 等；表示對比的by contrast, in comparison, 等；表示因果的because, thanks to, as a result of等；(2)表示舉例的for example, for instan

38、ce, such as, like等；(3)表示結(jié)論的conclude, indicate, suggest等。題目怎么讀三堅持3大原則 遵循4大流程閱讀理解題的3大原則11. 順序原則高考閱讀理解的題目通常嚴(yán)格按照文章的先后順序出題。第一題多數(shù)是針對第一自然段內(nèi)容命題。最后一題常常針對末段或全文中心命題。如果考場上發(fā)現(xiàn)某道題在原文定位不準(zhǔn)，可先定位下一道題的原文出處，再按順序原則倒推本題出處。閱讀理解題的3大原則2. 同義原則做任何閱讀題不是找感覺，本質(zhì)上是找同義詞，解題時找出的同義詞組越多，答案就越準(zhǔn)確。這是解答細(xì)節(jié)理解題的基本方法。3. 歸納原則在解答主旨大意和推理判斷題時常用到歸納原則

39、。所謂的歸納原則不是對原文多組同義詞的替換，而是對原文上下文信息的推導(dǎo)總結(jié)。閱讀理解4大題型解題流程2細(xì)節(jié)理解題解題流程詞義猜測題解題流程詞義猜測題解題流程推理判斷題解題流程推理判斷題解題流程主旨大意題解題流程閱讀理解解題示范3第1步 讀文章做標(biāo)記第1步 讀文章做標(biāo)記Passenger pigeons(旅鴿) once flew over much of the United States in unbelievable numbers. Written accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries described flocks (群) so larg

40、e that they darkened the sky for hours.本段標(biāo)出了時間the 18th and 19th centuries，地點the United States和一個極端詞large，主要講了美國的旅鴿在18和19世紀(jì)數(shù)量巨大。第1步 讀文章做標(biāo)記It was calculated that when its population reached its highest point, they were more than 3 billion passenger pigeons a number equal to 24 to 40 percent of the tot

41、al bird population in the United States, making it perhaps the most abundant bird in the world. Even as late as 1870 when their numbers had already become smaller, a flock believed to be 1 mile wide and 320 miles (about 515 kilometers) long was seen near Cincinnati.本段標(biāo)出了時間詞when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句和as late as 1

42、870，極端詞和程度詞highest, more than, total, the most abundant，以及關(guān)系詞equal to等,主要講述了旅鴿數(shù)量到達(dá)頂峰時的數(shù)量占美國整個鳥類總數(shù)的百分之二十四到百分之四十之多,以及1870年末旅鴿數(shù)量較少時的數(shù)量也是驚人的。第1步 讀文章做標(biāo)記Sadly, the abundance of passenger pigeons may have been their undoing.Where the birds were most abundant, people believed there was an everlasting supply

43、 and killed them by the thousands. Commercial hunters attracted them to small clearings with grain, waited until pigeons had settled to feed, then threw large nets over them, taking hundreds at a time. The birds were shipped to large cities and sold in restaurants.本段以態(tài)度詞sadly開頭，通過程度詞abundance, most

44、abundant, everlasting, by the thousands等講述了因為旅鴿的數(shù)量巨大，人們認(rèn)為旅鴿源源不斷，因此導(dǎo)致了人們對其的大量捕殺。第1步 讀文章做標(biāo)記By the closing decades of the 19th century, the hardwood forests where passenger pigeons nested had been damaged by Americans need for wood, which scattered (驅(qū)散) the flocks and forced the birds to go farther nor

45、th, where cold temperatures and storms contributed to their decline. Soon the great flocks were gone, never to be seen again.本段標(biāo)出了時間詞by the closing decades of the 19th century和極端詞never等，主要講述了直到19世紀(jì)末，導(dǎo)致旅鴿滅絕的另一個原因旅鴿的棲息地闊葉林的砍伐。旅鴿不得不遷徙到北方，而北方的寒冷氣候和暴風(fēng)雨使旅鴿的數(shù)量大量減少。第1步 讀文章做標(biāo)記In 1897, the state of Michigan p

46、assed a law prohibiting the killing of passenger pigeons, but by then, no sizable flocks had been seen in the state for 10 years. The last confirmed wild pigeon in the United States was shot by a boy in Pike County, Ohio, in 1900. For a time, a few birds survived under human care. The last of them,

47、known affectionately as Martha, died at the Cincinnati Zoological Garden on September 1, 1914.本段通過時間詞in 1897和地點詞Michigan通過了禁止捕殺旅鴿的法律，通過邏輯詞but和程度詞no sizable以及時間詞for 10 years說明之后的10年里再也看不到大數(shù)量的旅鴿了。文章最后一句話用了極端詞last，態(tài)度詞affectionately，地點詞和時間詞Cincinnati Zoological Garden on September 1, 1914等講述了最后一只旅鴿的死亡時間

48、與地點。第2步 通過題干和選項 確定題目類型， 并快速定位信息源第2步通過題干和選項確定題目類型，并快速定位信息源24.In the 18th and early 19th centuries， passenger pigeons .A.were the biggest bird in the world B.lived mainly in the south of AmericaC.did great harm to the natural environment D.were the largest bird population in the US通過題干中的“In the 18th a

49、nd early 19th centuries”和第一段中的時間詞“the 18th and 19th centuries”和第二段中的時間詞“as late as 1870”，這些時間詞在我們第一次閱讀時已經(jīng)標(biāo)出，因此我們可以迅速定位到文章第一段和第二段。題型細(xì)節(jié)理解題定位25The underlined word “undoing” probably refers to the pigeons _.Aescape BruinCliberation Devolution通過題干中的關(guān)鍵詞undoing，我們可以把解題區(qū)間定位到第三段的第一句話。題型詞義猜測題定位第2步通過題干和選項確定題目類

50、型，并快速定位信息源26What was the main reason for people to kill passenger pigeons? ATo seek pleasure. BTo save other birds.CTo make money. DTo protect crops.通過題干中的關(guān)鍵詞“kill passenger pigeons”和我們已經(jīng)作標(biāo)記的第三段中的態(tài)度詞sadly和程度詞by the thousands，我們可以迅速定位到第三段。題型推理判斷題定位第2步通過題干和選項確定題目類型，并快速定位信息源27. What can we infer about

51、the law passed in Michigan？ A.It was ignored by the public.B.It was declared too late.C.It was unfair.D.It was strict. 通過題干中的關(guān)鍵詞in Michigan和文章最后一段中已經(jīng)標(biāo)記的地點詞Michigan，我們可以迅速定位到最后一段。題型推理判斷題定位第2步通過題干和選項確定題目類型，并快速定位信息源第3步 根據(jù)題型特點， 將選項與原文信息 進行比對、歸納， 確定答案第3步根據(jù)題型特點，將選項與原文信息進行比對、歸納，確定答案Passenger pigeons(旅鴿) on

52、ce flew over much of the United States in unbelievable numbers. Written accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries described flocks (群) so large that they darkened the sky for hours.It was calculated that when its population reached its highest point, they were more than 3 billion passenger pigeons a

53、 number equal to 24 to 40 percent of the total bird population in the United States, making it perhaps the most abundant bird in the world. Even as late as 1870 when their numbers had already become smaller, a flock believed to be 1 mile wide and 320 miles (about 515 kilometers) long was seen near C

54、incinnati.24.在18世紀(jì)和19世紀(jì)早期，旅鴿_。A是世界上最大的鳥(曲解文意)第一段中的large是指旅鴿種群很大，而不是指體形。B主要生活在美國南部(無中生有)C對自然環(huán)境有巨大的傷害(無中生有)D是在美國數(shù)量最多的鳥(同義替換)根據(jù)同義詞組“in unbelievable numbers”，“24 to 40 percent of the total bird”和“the most abundant bird”可以判定正確答案為D項。根據(jù)原文第三段中的語氣詞“sadly”，以及下文的同義詞組“killed them by the thousands”可以判定正確答案為B項。Sadly, the abundance of passenger pigeons may