新編大學(xué)英語第三冊Unit 1Personality課件

1、Unit OnePersonalityIn-Class ReadingThe Misery of ShynessLanguage PointsShy people are anxious and self-conscious(不自在，不自然); that is, they are excessively concerned with their own appearance and actions.羞怯的人會焦慮不安，感到不自然；也就是說，他們過分關(guān)注自己的外表和舉止。Other words with “self-”:Self-esteem:自尊，自負Self-assurance:自信心Sel

2、f-worth:自我價值Self-awareness:自我意識，自我了解self-concept:自我概念 Self-discipline：自律Self-acceptance:自我認同 Self-rejection:自暴自棄Self-interest：私利Self-destructive:自毀的Self-evident:不言而喻的self-centered:自我為中心的excessively (adv.) (Line 3, Para. 1) in an excessive amount, to an excessive degree 過分地，過度地，非常地我不多喝酒。晚會的噪音非常地大。The

3、 noise from the party is excessively loud.I dont drink excessively.Translationexcessive (adj.) 過多的，過分的，額外的詞匯擴充excess ikses (c.n.) 過度，超過，過剩，放肆exceed (vt.) 超過，勝過 Demand began to exceed supply. 你拆閱那些信件是越權(quán)行為。You are _ in opening those letters. 他吃得很好，但不過多。He ate well, but not _. 守門員因持球時間過長而受罰。The goal-ke

4、eper was punished for _. 請選擇適當?shù)脑~填空。excessive possession exceeding your duty to excessExerciseof ballWorrisome（troublesome） thoughts are constantly swirling in their minds.腦海中不斷盤旋著一些使自己不安的想法。Swirl:盤旋，打轉(zhuǎn)Eg.The hurricane begins to swirl in a clockwise motion. 颶風開始順時針打旋。Shyness is the cause of much unha

5、ppiness for a great many people. Introduction (Para. 1)語法訓(xùn)練譯 文 It is obvious that such uncomfortable feelings must affect people adversely. (Line 7) must + 動詞原型: to be likely or certain to 對現(xiàn)在的推測、推論。表示根據(jù)情況推斷，認為某事是必然的很顯然這種不安的感覺會對人們產(chǎn)生不利的影響。Example走了這么長的路，你必定是累了。You must feel tired after walking such a

6、 long distance.The light went out. The electricity must be off.燈熄了，一定是停電了。adversely: adv. in a harmful way 不利地，有害地adverse: adj. 不利的,有害的be adverse to: 不利于 adverse impact/ factor /conditions 不利影響/因素/條件Eg: 1. Her health was adversely affected by the climate.那種氣候損害了她的健康。2. The development was adverse to

7、 our interests. 這種發(fā)展與我們的利益背道而馳。profound (adj.) (Line 10, Para. 2)deep; complete 深切的，極度的，極 深的（比deep正式）have a profound effect on : 對產(chǎn)生深刻的影響2) having, showing, or using thoroughknowledge and deep understanding 知識淵博的；深奧的他知識淵博，深受人們喜愛。He is a man of _, deeply beloved by found knowledgePeople who

8、 have a positive sense of self-worth or high self-esteem usually act with confidence.具有積極的價值觀或很強自尊心的人往往表現(xiàn)出自信。Self-confident people participate in life enthusiastically and spontaneously.自信者熱情自發(fā)地投入生活。Spontaneously：adv. 自發(fā)地A group of people got together spontaneously at the scene of the accident.一群人自發(fā)

9、地聚集在事故現(xiàn)場。句型應(yīng)用in/by contrast 固定短語，意思是“與相反；形成對比；相比之下”。用來表示對比。如果后面接賓語，要用 in contrast with/to 或by contrast with。譯 文 In contrast, shy people, having low self-esteem, are likely to be passive and easily influenced by others. (Line 17) 相比之下，羞怯的人自尊心較弱，往往消極被動并且容易受他人影響。ExampleCoal, gas, oil, nuclear power, or

10、 water power can all generate electricity for an electric train. In/by contrast, diesel trains run only on diesel oil. In contrast to/with your belief that we will fail, I am confident that we will succeed. TranslationToday, in/by contrast, the area is a lively and colorful fruit, and flower market.

11、與從前不同，這個地區(qū)今天已成為一個繁華的、豐富多彩的水果和鮮花市場。In contrast with/to your pessimistic point of view, I would rather take a positive attitude.與你的悲觀看法相反，我寧愿采取積極的態(tài)度。Shy people are very sensitive to criticism; they feel it confirms their inferiority.害羞的人對批評非常敏感；他們絕大批評正好證實了他們比別人差。Be sensitive to:對敏感 He is sensitive to

12、strong smells.他對強烈的氣味很敏感。請給我來封信以便證實你在電話中傳達的消息。我們打電話給那家旅館以確認我們的房間已訂妥。We confirmed the reservation by calling the hotel.Please confirm your telephone message by letter.Translationconfirm (vt.) (Line 19, Para. 3) + that to support; make certain; give proof (of) 支持；確 實；證實請熟悉下面的表達或搭配。confirm a rumor 證實謠言

13、confirm ones belief 堅定信念confirm a contract 批準合同 confirm a theory 證實一個理論conform: 遵照，符合，一致，后面常跟to或with詞義辨析inferiority (n.) (Line 19, Para. 3) the quality of condition of being inferior; lower rank or state 低劣巴特曾非常自卑，以至于覺得自己不如見過的任何一個受過教育的人。Barter had been so humiliated that he felt himself _ every educ

14、ated man he met.我發(fā)現(xiàn)難以擺脫一種社會自卑感。I found it difficult to shake off (擺脫) _.a sense of social inferiorityto be inferior to請用適當?shù)脑~填空。Exerciseinferior (adj.) (常與 to 連用，無比較級、最高 級形式)次的, 劣等的, 差的compliment (Line 21, Para. 3)n. 1) expression of admiration, approval, ect,. 恭維之表示；敬意；贊揚2) (pl.) (formal) greetings

15、問候；致意；道賀v. express admiration, approval 恭維；贊揚請用下面的提示詞造句。Exercise她非常贊賞我的畫 (pay sb. a compliment/compliment sb. on sth.)她微笑地接受了他對裙子的稱贊She accepted his compliments about her dress with a smile.She paid me a very charming compliment on my paintings.She complimented me on my paintings. Be unworthy of (L.

16、21) : 不值得He is unworthy of such an honor.我不配獲得這樣的榮譽。It is unworthy of being discussed.這不值得討論 。Be unworthy to He is unworthy to receive such honor. 他不配得到這種榮譽。This is unworthy to be discussed.這不值得討論 。難句分析此句it是形式主語。 overdoing it is detrimental or harmful是真正的主語，是主語從句。While引導(dǎo)的句子作后一句子的讓步狀語從句。譯 文 It is cle

17、ar that, while self-awareness is a healthy quality, overdoing it is detrimental, or harmful. (Line 22)顯然，盡管自我意識是一種健康的品質(zhì)，過分的自我意識卻是不利、有害的。Example顯然，盡管他理解你說的話，但是他并不贊同。It is clear that while he understands what you say, he cant agree with you.Peoples self-concept has a profound effect on all areas of th

18、eir lives.Reasons why shyness can have a negative effect. (Para. 2-3)People with high self-esteem usually act with confidence.People with low self-esteem are likely to be passive and easily influenced by others.eliminate (v.) (Line 25, Para. 4) eliminate from: remove 除去；刪除；淘汰請完成下面的句子。Exercise那位建筑師在估

19、算房子的價格時未曾把家具考慮在內(nèi)。The architect _ in figuring the cost of the house.他已被取消了游泳比賽資格，因為他在訓(xùn)練中沒有得到名次。He has been _ because he did not win any of the practice races.eliminated from the swimming race eliminated the cost of furniture eliminate: (vt.) to remove or get rid of completely 消除reduce: (vt.) to make

20、less in size, amount, price, degree 減少，降低詞義辨析diminish: (vt. vi.) (cause to ) become less in size or importance 減少，降低重要性請選擇 eliminate, reduce 或 diminish 的適當形式填空。ExerciseI dont want to _ her achievements, but she did have a lot of help.I _ my weight by going on a diet.We cant _ the use of paper but we

21、 can certainly _ the amount of paper we waste.eliminateThe threat of nuclear war has _.diminisheddiminishreducedreduceFortunately, people can overcome shyness with determined and patient effort in building self-confidence (建立自信).幸運的是，人們能夠通過堅持不懈的努力建立自信，從而克服害羞。Go hand in hand with（p.13）攜手前進，緊密聯(lián)系China

22、is willing to join hands with the community to advance common development.中國愿與各界同仁攜手前進，共同發(fā)展。Weaknesses and strengths:缺點和優(yōu)點dwell (vi.) (dwelt or dwelled) (Line 31, Para. 4) 1) dwell in /at: reside 居住、存在 2) dwell on / upon: think, speak or write at length about 凝思；詳細；論述；仔細研究He dwell upon that point fo

23、r several minute.請適當?shù)脑~填空。ExerciseMy grandma dwells in the country. 我們的眼睛凝視著美麗的夕陽。Our eyes _ the beautiful sunset.不要過分沉溺在痛苦的回憶之中。Dont _ painful memoriesdwell too much on . How his words dwell in my mind! 他的一席話在我的腦海里經(jīng)久難忘。dwelled onWays of overcoming shyness (Para. 4-15)Skim the text from Para.5 to Par

24、a.15. Among following tips, which ones are most reasonable or helpful to overcome shyness in your opinion? (List 1-3 out of them )As self-acceptance grows, shyness naturally diminishes.隨著對自我的不斷認同，羞怯感就會自然減弱。diminish：v. 減少，減損，貶低, 變少/小We should try to diminish the cost of production.我們應(yīng)盡力減少生產(chǎn)成本。His ill

25、ness diminished his health. 疾病侵蝕了他的健康。He likes to diminish the skills of others. 他喜歡貶低別人的技能。As he turned the knob, the sound diminished. 他一轉(zhuǎn)旋鈕，聲音就變小了。你認為讓人們每周工作60小時以上是合理的嗎?她不得不給自己的遲到找一個合理的借口。 She cannot but find a reasonable excuse for her being late.Do you think its reasonable to expect people to w

26、ork more than 60 hours a week?Translationreasonable (adj.) (Line 36, Para. 7) 1) having ordinary common sense; able to reason 有普通常識的，能推 理的，合乎做事道理的 2) moderate 適度的，不多不少的Guilt and shame (n.) are destructive (破壞性的、有害的) feelings Feeling ashamed (a.) accomplishes nothing.內(nèi)疚和羞恥感是有害的情感感到羞愧是無濟于事的。Feel/be as

27、hamed (of) : 對感到羞愧/不好意思shameful: a. 可恥的You should be ashamed of your shameful behaviors.你應(yīng)該為你的可恥的行為感到羞愧。Dont be afraid to speak up and give your point of view.要敢于公開表達自己的觀點.speak up：大聲講, 毫無顧慮地說出Eg. 1.Speak up so that everybody can hear you . 大點聲，讓大家都能聽見。 2. Speak up and tell us what you think. 要大膽說話，

28、有什么想法就告訴我們。rejection (n.) (Line 55, Para. 10) the action or process of rejecting a thing or person 抵制；拒絕；抑制、排斥self-rejection: 自我否定、自暴自棄請完成下面的句子。Exercisereject (v.) (Line?, Para. 12)他后悔拒絕了那個年輕人提供的幫助。He regretted _ from the young man. 因為害怕被拒絕，他從不敢向她求婚。He was never able to ask her to marry him out of _

29、.fear of rejectionrejecting the offer of helpPersonal attack: 個人攻擊Be assured that放心，Please rest assured that repayment is ensured. 請您放心，還款是有保障的。Be assured of: 確信He is assured of victory . 他穩(wěn)操勝券。Profit from：benefit from Very often, a disappointment becomes a turning point (轉(zhuǎn)折點) for a wonderful experi

30、ence to come along.挫折往往會成為轉(zhuǎn)機，隨之而來的將是一段美妙絕倫的經(jīng)歷。You may be rejected by the college of your choice (中意的、自己選中的).你可能被你所中意的大學(xué)拒之門外。Do not associate with (和聯(lián)系/交往） people who make you feel inadequate.有些人會使你感到無能，不要和這種人交往。remove (v.) (Line 66, Para. 13)remove from 1) take off or away from the place occupied 移動

31、；拿開 2) get rid of 除去；排除憤怒之余，他從打字機上取走了打了一半的那一頁。What do you advise for removing ink stains from clothes?你有什么好辦法祛除衣服上的墨漬嗎？Out of rage, he removed the half-finished page from the typewriter.Translation他深切地關(guān)心窮人的福利問題。Private employment agencies may not have your best interests at heart.私有雇傭代理機構(gòu)不會將你的最大利益放在

32、心上。He has the welfare of the poor at heart.Translationhave sth. at heart (Line67, Para. 13) be deeply concerned about 對深切關(guān)心Set aside time to relax, enjoy hobbiesset aside: keepfor 為節(jié)省/保留，留出We also set aside some meat for elderly people.我們還留出一些肉給年歲大的人。He set aside a little money each week.他每周都留出一些錢備用

33、。Eventually you will circulate (周旋) in large groups with skill and self-assurance.最終你將能夠嫻熟而自信地在眾人中周旋。句型應(yīng)用 The better we understand ourselves, the easier it becomes to live up to our full potential. (Line 74)the better, the easier屬于the more the more 句型的用法。The morethe more 表示比較，“越越”。Live up to: do as

34、well as; be as good as 充分發(fā)揮譯 文我們對自己了解得越多，就越容易充分發(fā)揮自己的潛力。Example鋼含碳的成分越多，冷卻得越快，那么鋼就越硬。The more carbon the steel contains and the quicker the cooling is, the harder the steel becomes. The better we understand ourselves, the easier it becomes to live up to our full potential.Conclusion (Para. 16)After-c

35、lass ReadingPassage 1Two Ways of Looking at LifeQuestion the question briefly:Whats wrong with the new-born baby? How do the mother and father respond differently to it?1. His heart is overflowing with awe and gratitude for the beauty of her, the perfection. (L.2)她的漂亮和完美使他充滿了敬畏和感激。overflow: v. 溢出，充滿

36、be overflowing with:充滿了,洋溢著Her heart was overflowing with joy.她的心里洋溢著喜悅。The crowd overflowed the auditorium. 人群擠得禮堂無法容納。awe：敬畏The children stared at the teacher with awe. 孩子很敬畏地凝視著老師。Its too soon to say a thing like that.(L.20)現(xiàn)在這么說太早了。Dont be alarmed (L.25)不必慌張。In the meantime, cheer up. (L35)現(xiàn)在，高興

37、點吧。Ruin her life (L.40)毀了她一生 ruin: v. 毀滅,毀壞,破產(chǎn) sb/ ones life/He ruined his prospects by carelessness. 他因疏忽大意而斷送了前途。The politics of the company will ruin their image.公司的策略會毀掉他們的形象。He imagines only the worst: no hearing, no development of language, his beautiful child cut off from society, locked in a

38、 soundless world.他只想到最壞的一面：沒有聽覺，無法學(xué)語言，他那漂亮的寶貝將與世隔絕，被困在無聲的世界中。cut off vt.切斷,使隔絕,剪下 A storm that cut off power to the whole region. 切斷了整個地區(qū)電力供應(yīng)的暴風雨。They were then almost completely cut off from the outside world.這時他們和外界幾乎完全隔絕了。He is prone to depression;She on the other hand, sees bad events in their l

39、east threatening light.他很容易情緒低落;與他正相反，她總是從最樂觀的角度來看待壞事。is prone to：易于 . 的,有 . 傾向的 People are more prone to make mistakes when they are tired. 人們疲勞時更容易出差錯。Hes probably prone to domestic violence.他也許有家庭暴力的傾向。in the light：從角度After a reversal (setback,挫折,反轉(zhuǎn)), she bounce back quickly, and finds all her en

40、ergy again.在經(jīng)歷挫折后，她很快就恢復(fù)過來，并又重新恢復(fù)活力。bounce back：恢復(fù)原狀 It took 6 weeks to bounce back from the serious injury.從重傷恢復(fù)原狀用了六周的時間。The optimists, who are confronted with (面臨/遭遇)the same knocks(挫折、不幸)of this world, think about misfortune in the opposite way (以相反的方式). (L.60)樂觀主義者在相同的不幸時，則以相反的方式看待厄運。They regul

41、arly exceed (超出) the predictions of aptitude tests (能力傾向測試). When optimists run for (競選) office, they are more apt to (容易) be elected than pessimists are.他們的表現(xiàn)常常超出了能力測驗的預(yù)測。當樂觀主義者參加競選時，他們比悲觀主義者更容易當選。If we are in the grip of this view.(L.75)為這種觀點所左右。be in the grip of: 受控制/支配Eg. She is in the grip of strong emotions.Pessimistic prophecies are self-fulfilling.(L.77)悲觀主義者的預(yù)言會自然應(yīng)驗的。Passage You are what you thinkAssignment: Comparing optimists with pessimistsFinish Exercise 5 on page 42.The two after-class reading passages tell us a lot about optimists and pessimists. Please summarize the ma