動詞不定式-課件

1、Grammar: infinitives動詞不定式動詞不定式屬于非謂語動詞的一種形式,區(qū)別于謂語動詞。一、動詞不定式在句子中不能充當(dāng)謂語，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。 二、動詞不定式是由“to+動詞原形”構(gòu)成(有時(shí)可以不帶to)。動詞不定式的否定形式是“not+動詞不定式” 。 動詞不定式To do that sort of thing is foolish。I want to see you this evening.All you have to do is to finish it quickly.We found a house to live in.She came here to stud

2、y English. I warned the patient not to eat cold water after the operation. 主語 賓語表語 定語 狀語 賓補(bǔ)作主語To master a foreign language is really important nowadays.To give up smoking is right.1.當(dāng)今掌握一門外語真的很重要。2. 放棄吸煙是對的。It is important to master a foreign language.It is right to give up smokingfor usTo do 作主語， 常

3、用it 作形式主語，to do真正的主語放在句末。It is adj. for sb to do sth(necessary/ important/ easy/ difficult/ possible)如形容詞是用來形容人 ，則介詞用ofIt is adj. of sb to do sth(kind, good, nice, foolish, clever, silly wrong, stupid, considerate, rude, impolite)作賓語Fred didnt have any money, so he decided to look for a job.He promi

4、sed not to tell anyone about it.1. Fred 沒有錢，所以他決定找一份工作。2. 他答應(yīng)不告述任何人這事。一. 通常要用動詞不定式做賓語的動詞有:wish ， hope ， prepare, manage ， ask ， offer ， promise ， expect, pretend ， decide, intend等。 二. 有時(shí)可以用 it 作形式賓語，而把真正作賓語的動詞不定式放在后面。 It is + adj. (of / for sb) to do sth例如： I find it hard to persuade her. 常用動詞： make

5、, find, feel, think, believe, consider He made it a rule to read English every day.I find it hard for me to master a foreign language. 三. 有些動詞后面既可以接不定式作賓語,又接動名詞作賓語,但意義不同。如remember, forget, stop, try, regret, mean 等。例如：I remember locking the door. （ lock 動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生） Please remember to lock the door when

6、you leave. （ lock 動作還沒有發(fā)生） 作表語My job is to teach English.To see is to believe.1. 我的工作是教英語。2. 眼見為實(shí)。作定語a. 動詞不定式可以用在名詞后面作定語。如：I have many letters to answer. b. 但如果動詞不定式的動詞為不及物動詞時(shí)，要在其后面加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。如：She has only a cold room to live in. c. 動詞不定式作定語還可表示將來發(fā)生的動作。如： The meeting to be held tomorrow will be of gre

7、at importance。 作狀語He spoke loudly (so as / in order) to be heard.They jumped with joy to hear the news.Im too tired to walk any further tonight.They hurried to the station only to find that the train had left.目的狀語.原因狀語.結(jié)果狀語有時(shí)為了加強(qiáng)語氣，不定式可以提前到句首，但是 so as to 不能放在句首。作賓補(bǔ)She asked me to stay there.1. 她叫我呆在

8、這兒。2.請?jiān)试S我介紹Mr. White給你們。 Please allow me to introduce Mr. White to you.可以用動詞不定式做賓補(bǔ)的動詞有： advise ， ask ， allow ， expect ， encourage ， force ， permit ， order ， persuade ， request ， tell ， want ， wish 等。 有些動詞后面的不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，不帶to，如 （感官類） feel, hear, listen to, see, watch, notice, observe . （使役動詞）make, have, l

9、et, 變成被動句，需還原to: He was made to wear a mask.I heard them sing a pop song .The teacher made me answer the question.We watched them play football .注意 A. 動詞不定式的否定式只須在to 前加 not.My father decided not to take up the job.The teacher told us not to be late again.注意B . 帶疑問詞的動詞不定式在to 前加疑問詞,可當(dāng)作名詞用，作主語，賓語。Mr.Li

10、n will teach us how to use the computer.Can you tell me where to get the book?注意C. 作簡短回答或避免不必要的重復(fù)時(shí)，動詞不定式常常省去to 后面的動詞，只保留to 。A:Would you like to come to my party?Mary wanted to use my bike, but I asked her not to ( use my bike).B: Yes , Id love to ( come to your party).Mary想用我的自行車，但我叫她別用。1.在使役動詞 have

11、, let, make 之后。2.在感官動詞 feel, hear, see, watch, notice, observe, listen to, look at 之后。3.在 why 和 why not 之后。4. 在其他結(jié)構(gòu)之中。 a. can do nothing but / except do have nothing to do but/ except wait have no choice but to waitb. cannot help but doc. cannot but do d. had better do sth e. would rather do sth f.

12、help sb (to) do sth 或 help (to) do 小結(jié)(省略to的情況)To do 一般式 to do 被動 to be done 完成式 to have done to have been done 進(jìn)行式 to be doing 否定式 not to do邏輯主語 for sb to do sth of動詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)1. I opened the door to enter the room. 2. Mr. Smith is going to attend the meeting to be held tomorrow. 一般式( to do ).不定式的一般式所表示

13、的動作（狀態(tài)）同時(shí)（或幾乎同時(shí)）發(fā)生，或之后發(fā)生。.進(jìn)行式( to be doing)1. I am very glad to be working with you.2. Be quiet! They seem to be having class.如果謂語表示的動作（情況）發(fā)生時(shí)，不定式所表示的動作正在進(jìn)行。動詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)動詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài).完成式（to have done)1. I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long.2. You seemed to have read the novel written by Mr. Smith.如果謂語

14、表示的動作發(fā)生在不定式之前。動詞不定式的語態(tài).主動式( to do / to be doing /to have done)1. We want to learn English well.2.Robert is said_abroad, but I didnt know what country he studied in.(NMET99)to have studied B.to studyC. made D. to make當(dāng)不定式邏輯上的主語是不定式所表示的動作的執(zhí)行者時(shí).動詞不定式的語態(tài).被動式( to be done / to have been done)1. He didnt l

15、ike to be laughed at.2. He claimed _in the supper market when he was doing shopping yesterday.（上海98）being badly treated B.treating badlyC. to be treated badly D. to have been badly treated.當(dāng)不定式邏輯上的主語是不定式所表示的動作的承受者時(shí).The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier _ it more difficult. A. not ma

16、ke B. not to make C. not making D. do not make 2. Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in my new job. A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects高考題匯集：3. Charles Babbage is generally considered _the first computer. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented C. having invented

17、4. Allen had to call a taxi because the box was _ to carry all the way home. much too heavy B. too much heavy C. heavy too much D. too heavy much5. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _. A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to6. Little Jim should love _

18、 to the theatre this evening. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking7.There are five pairs _,but Im at a loss which to buy.(2019上海高考)to be chosen B. to choose from C. to choose D. for choosing8. _late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm. A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having sle

19、ep 9. With a lot of difficult problems _,the newly-elected president is having a hard time.settled B. settling C.to settle D. being settled10. She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role_in making the earth a better place to live. A.to have played B. to play C. to be played

20、 D. to be playing11. In order to gain a bigger share in the international market, many state run companies are trying _their products more competitive. to make B. makingC. to have made D.having made12. The teacher asked us_so much noise. A.dont make B. not makeC. not making D. not to make1. The ligh

21、t in the office is still on. -Oh, I forgot . A. turning it off B. turn it off C. having turned it off D. to turn it off2. She cant help _ the house because shes busy making a cake. A. to clean B. cleaning C. Cleaned D. being c leaned3. Not everybody has the ability in public. A. of speak B. speaking

22、 C. spoken D. to speak練習(xí)4. Mary is always the first student to answer the teachers questions in class. A. rising B. to rise C. rose D. risen5. Mum ,why do you always ask me to eat an egg every day? - _enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up.A. Get B. Getting C. To get D. To be getting6.Would you be so kind us out? -With pleasure.A. helping B. in h