經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理i06秋季期中1僅試題版

1、學(xué)號班級（A 卷）經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理 I（2006 年秋季學(xué)期）期中測驗(yàn) 1（A 卷）（2006/10/25）學(xué)術(shù)部溫馨提示：此處為僅有題目版本，適合對照完全版中使用?？梢詫⒋税姹敬蛴〔⑴浜洗痤}紙實(shí)況。一、判斷題（判斷并簡明理由，必要時可以用圖形。每題 4 分，共 28 分）1、某宿舍的打水方案原來是“個人打水，自己使用”；后來改為“集體打水，集體使用”。這會導(dǎo)致用水量的增加。2. If a certarade is good for one, it cant be good for the other one.3、只有富國之間才存在貿(mào)易的可能性，因?yàn)橹挥兴麄儾艙碛惺Ｓ喈a(chǎn)品消費(fèi)量小于產(chǎn)出量。4、大量關(guān)

2、閉地方小煤窯未必導(dǎo)致煤炭銷售量下降；因?yàn)楫?dāng)煤炭價格上升后，其他企業(yè)的供給量會增加。5、在房地產(chǎn)市場上，成立。看到，房價在不斷上升，而銷售量不降反升，這說明需求定律不6、的輯是某著名經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)教科書的銷售，他認(rèn)為，由于允許學(xué)生將舊的教科書再次出售，損害了的利益。某著名化學(xué)家對此建議，可以使用一種他本人發(fā)明的印刷墨水，當(dāng)教科書使用半年后，這種墨水自動褪色，使得書頁變成空白。如果輯接受這議，其結(jié)果是必然導(dǎo)致新書價格上升和增加。7、某國在其特有的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品豐收之后組織的慶祝活動中，將這一農(nóng)產(chǎn)品大量銷毀而不是賣掉。這顯然會導(dǎo)致農(nóng)民收益下降。二、選擇題（每題 3 分，共 36 分。每題只有一個正確。）1. Mik

3、e has spent $500 purchasing and repairing an old fishing boat, which he expects to sell for$800 once the repairs are complete. He discoverst he needs an additional repair, which willcost $400, in order to complete the repairs. He can sell the boat as it is now for $300. What shouldhe do?He shouldcut

4、 his losses and take the $300. He should never sell something for lessA.B.C.D.n it cost.He should complete the repairs and sell the boat.It doesnt matter which action he takes; thee is the same either way.2、某大學(xué)原來給每位老師上課的酬金是每小時 100 元。每個老師的年平均數(shù)為 144 小時。現(xiàn)在，該大學(xué)規(guī)定：凡是上課數(shù)超過 144 小時的，超過部分每小時酬金 300 元；凡是低于 144

5、 小時的，部分每小時減去酬金 300 元。這一政策實(shí)施的是：A BC幾乎沒有影響；因?yàn)樯?144 小時的課和以前拿同樣多的錢只有原來上課144 小時的才會因?yàn)閾?dān)心被罰而增加授課量只有原來上課超過 144 小時的才會因?yàn)槌杲鸨对龆黾邮谡n量D所有教師都會增加授課量，因?yàn)槭谡n的邊際收益增加了3、中國的“道路交通安全法”將機(jī)動車與行人之間交通事故造成的損害由機(jī)動車與行人分擔(dān)，改為機(jī)動車全部承擔(dān)。這導(dǎo)致機(jī)動車與行人相遇時，機(jī)動車駕駛員的謹(jǐn)慎程度；行人的謹(jǐn)慎程度；“最終導(dǎo)致機(jī)動車與行人之間交通事故的可能性。A B CD提高；提高；降低。降低；降低；提高。提高；降低；可能提高可能降低。降低；提高；可能提高

6、可能降低。4. Adam Smith s promote the publicA. individual whoest led by the invisible hand of markets, what kinds of individual canerest effectively?ends to promote the publicerestB. individual who knows how much he is promoting the solerestC. Boand BD. individual whoends only his own gain5、人類社會由清潔的環(huán)境與高收

7、入水平的權(quán)衡取舍的生產(chǎn)可能性邊界。假定技術(shù)的進(jìn)步提高了收入水平（但沒有導(dǎo)致零收入水平下更清潔的環(huán)境）。以下說法正確的是：A B CD這使得清潔環(huán)境的機(jī)會成本增加了，必然使得人們選擇更不清潔的環(huán)境這使得人們有可能同時獲得高的收入水平和更清潔的環(huán)境因?yàn)榧夹g(shù)進(jìn)步提高了收入水平，則必然帶來環(huán)境污染的加劇既然技術(shù)進(jìn)步了，人們必然選擇更清潔的環(huán)境，即使收入因此下降了6、 A B CD有時會出現(xiàn)意見不一致，這是因?yàn)椋航?jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)還不是科學(xué)會犯邏輯推導(dǎo)的錯誤強(qiáng)調(diào)權(quán)衡取舍，之間的價值觀或者科學(xué)判斷的不同7、1793年，英國派特使馬噶爾尼來中國，想和這個巨大的東方“做生意”。但皇帝卻對這位特使說：無所不有，原不管外洋貨

8、物一通其無?！绷诉@議。運(yùn)用經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理對此加以評論，正確的說法是：A B C D更好。如果中國真的能夠生產(chǎn)所有外國人生產(chǎn)的東西，確實(shí)沒有貿(mào)易的必要。的話沒有中國的生產(chǎn)率已經(jīng)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)于外國，所以必須進(jìn)行貿(mào)易。主要是擔(dān)心貿(mào)易使得中國的物品大量流失，這種擔(dān)心不無道理。沒有只要各國在生產(chǎn)不同物品上具有不同的相對優(yōu)勢，貿(mào)易就可以讓雙方都8. Marand Stewart are married. They spend their time performino favorite activities,knitting scarves and making meatballs. Martakes 2 hours

9、 to knit a scarf and 1 hour to make adozen meatballs. Stewart takes 3 hours to knit a scarf and 2 hours to make a dozen meatballs. IfMarand Steward trade with each other, who will trade away scarves in exchange for meatballs?The price of a knit scarf can be expressederms of dozens of meatballs. What

10、 is the highestprice at which a scarf can be traded price?A Steward; 2; 1.5t would make both spouses better off? What is the lowestBMar; 2; 1.5CSteward; 2; 2DMar; 1.5; 1.59. Over the past 20 years, technological advanhave reduced the cost of computer chips. Howdo you think this affected the market f

11、or computers? For computer software? For typewriters?A computers price fell and sales rose; softwares price fell and sales rose; typewriters price fell and sales roseB computers price fell and sales rose; softwares price rose and sales rose; typewriters price fell and sales fellcomputers price rose

12、and sales fall; softwares price fell and sales fell; typewriters price rose and sales rosecomputers price fell and sales rose; softwares price fell and sales fell; typewriters price roseand sales rose10. Two drivers Tom and Jerry each drive up to a gas sion. Before looking at the price, eachplaan or

13、der. Tom says, “Id like 10 gallons of gas.” Jerry says, “Id like $10 of gas.” What isToms price elasticity of demand? And Jerrys?A B CD0; 0-1; -10; -1-1; 011. Several years ago, flooding along the Missouri and Mississippi rivers destroyed thousands ofacres of wheat. Supe the demand for wheat is inel

14、astic with regard to price. Then farmerswhose crops were destroyed by the floods wereBut farmers whose crops were not.destroyed were. Farmers as a group werebetter off, better off; better offworse off, better off; either better off or worse offworse off, worse off; worse offworse off, better off; be

15、tter off12、隨著一國收入水平的提高，對電力的需求逐步增加。一開始時，電價不會明顯上升，但發(fā)電量明顯上升。但在一段時間之后，電價迅速上升，而發(fā)電量幾乎不上升。出現(xiàn)這一現(xiàn)象的原因通常是：A B CD電力的供給在數(shù)量小時富于彈性，在數(shù)量大時缺乏彈性電力需求的增加隨時間變得越來越快，而供給不變電力供給的減少隨時間變得越來越快，而需求不變電力的需求缺乏彈性，而供給富于彈性三、問答題（共 4 小題，36 分）1. Comparative Advantage and multilateral trade (6 pos)An American worker can each produce 10 t

16、ons of grains per year. He or she c 4 aircrafts, or 100 shirts, or 50 tons of crude oil per year.so produce(1) A Chiworker can each produce 1 tons of grains, or 1000 shirts per year. Buthismoment we dont know Chiworkers productivity of aircrafts and crude oil. Can tradebetn the U.S. and China make e

17、ach country better off? If so, what should the U.S. importand what should it exporthis case? (2 pos)(2) A Saudi Arabia worker can each produce 1 aircraft, or 400 tons of crude oil per year. But wedont know their productivity of grain and shirts. Can trade betn the U.S. and SaudiArabia make each coun

18、try better off? If so, what should the U.S. import and what should itexport now? (2 pos)(3) Can the U.S. have comparative advantages both in producing grains and aircrafts? Do youthink the concept of comparative advantage is still useful foryzing moren 2 goods and(or) moren 2 countries? Explains. (2

19、 pos)2. Oil price and the world economy (8 pos)The price of crude oil has moren tripled withhe past three years. This is similar inscale to the price jumps of 1973-74, 1978-80, 1989-90, all of which were followed by worldwidereand rising inflation. Today, though, global GDP growth is well above tren

20、d, whileinflation remains low. This exercise helps us to understand why the world economy has fared socomfortably this time.(1)Draw the market demand and supply curve for crude oil. Label the equilibrium price andty of crude oilhe graph. (1 po)(2)he 1970s and late 1980s, an OPEC embargo reduced the

21、supply of crude oil. Show the effect of the embargo on crude oil market in your diagram. How would the price of crude oilchange? (2 pos)(3)Most countries of the world were importers of crude oils and used it as major inputs of many products. How did the embargo affect those product markets? Can you

22、explain why aneconomy-wide rehappen? (2 pos)(i.e., decreasedties) and inflation (i.e., increased pri) would(4) Today, what really happens ist global economy (esp. countries as China) has experiencedstronger growthn before. How the economic growth (esp.t of energy-consumingsectors) affects the demand

23、 for crude oil? Show the effect of economic growth on crude oilmarket in your diagram. How are economic growtime? (3 pos)nl price related to each other at this3、與（7 分）人們通常認(rèn)為，一個地方人數(shù)的增加，會遏制從而減少率。然而，現(xiàn)實(shí)中往往觀察到，一個地方的制。人數(shù)與率可能是正相關(guān)的。下面來分析這個問題的內(nèi)在機(jī)（1）考慮人數(shù)增加對率的影響。假定是負(fù)的影響，以人數(shù)為橫坐標(biāo)，）。（1 分）率為縱坐標(biāo)，表示出這一關(guān)系，姑且稱為遏制曲線（表示

24、遏制（2）考慮率增加對人數(shù)的影響。這個影響通常是正的還是負(fù)的？在同一圖形中，將這個關(guān)系表示出來，姑且成為適應(yīng)曲線（表示分）對增加地適應(yīng)）。（1（3）率與人數(shù)會處于圖形中哪一點(diǎn)？（1 分）人們觀察到的（4）一段時間，紐約市的率和人數(shù)相比其他城市都是較高的。而紐約的貧富差距也高于其他城市。一般認(rèn)為，貧富差距會帶來率提高，假定這一點(diǎn)是正確的，你能夠解釋為什么紐約市的兩條曲線之一或同時的移動）（2 分）率和人數(shù)都很高嗎？（提示：運(yùn)用上述（5）紐“9.11”后，加強(qiáng)了對許多重點(diǎn)地區(qū)的，以防止。有表明，這一行動也減少了這些地區(qū)的普通率。這個有助于說明遏制曲線是負(fù)斜率（即增加能夠遏制）嗎？運(yùn)用圖形仔細(xì)說明。

25、（2 分）4、需求彈性與“單向”（15 分）“中華游”移動通訊公司原來對用戶機(jī)通話實(shí)行“雙向”撥機(jī)和接聽均進(jìn)行相同的（例如，每分鐘 6 角錢）。現(xiàn)在，該公司決定將“雙向”改為“單向”，即：對撥機(jī)的維持不變，但取消對接聽的（實(shí)際上實(shí)行很低的，例如，每分鐘 2 分錢）。暫不考慮固定對移動的替代作用。（1）假定的撥打者和接聽者在消費(fèi)上利益不相關(guān)，并且撥打者對接聽者是否接聽的預(yù)期不影響其選擇撥打。你預(yù)計“單向者增加撥打的次數(shù)嗎？解釋之。（1 分）”的政策會使得撥打（2）通話的一種類型為“商務(wù)通話”。這種通話的接聽者必須接聽，無論高低。在“單向”實(shí)施之前，通訊公司從該類“通話”（撥打加上接聽）當(dāng)中賺取的每分鐘收益是多少？“單向”改變了這一類通話的數(shù)量了嗎？改變了通訊公司每分鐘通話的收益了嗎？你預(yù)計通訊公司從這類通話中獲得的總收益是上升了還是下降了？（2 分