海事基礎英語綜合教程第二冊Unit4InternationalMaritimeConventions精課件

1、Unit 4International Maritime Conventions Part Warming-up ActivitiesBCD1. MARPOL (C) 2. ISPS CODE (D)3. SOLAS (B)4. STCW (A)APart Text A: Introduction to STCW Section 1: Background Information Section 2: Text Explanation1. Key words And Expressions2. Key Sentence Analysis 3. Text Translation1. STCW:

2、It stands for the International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification, and Watch-keeping for Seafarers. 2. Manila Amendments also are known as STCW 2010 Amendments. They were adopted at a Diplomatic Conference in Manila, the Philippines, held in June 2010, and are aimed at ensuring that

3、 the necessary global standards will be in place to train and certify seafarers to operate technologically-advanced ships for some time to come. STCW and Manila AmendmentsSection 1: Background Information Section 2: Text Explanation1. Key Words And Expressions2. Key Sentence Analysis 3. Text Transla

4、tion 3. major adj. (more) important; great(er) 較大的，主要的e.g. a major issue of principle 原則性的大問題 This car needs major repairs. 這輛汽車該大修了。Paragraph 1Key Words And Expressions4. establish vt. to start to have, or create an organization, a system, or introduce a new rule etc.建立，創(chuàng)立，設立 e.g. Lets establish so

5、me ground rules. 來讓我們設立一些基本原則。 Our hospital was established in 1950. 我們的醫(yī)院建于1950年。 Within six months, Caesar had established his authority over Gaul. 六個月內(nèi)，凱撒就在高盧確立了權(quán)威。Paragraph 1Key Words And Expressions5. requirement n. something that is needed or that is demanded要求；必要條件 e.g. He has filled all requ

6、irements for promotion. 他已具備晉升的一切條件。 The certificate of CET Band Four is a requirement for the post. 此項職位要求要有4級英語證書。 We will try our best to meet the requirements of our customers. 我們將盡全力滿足顧客的需要。 Paragraph 1Key Words And Expressions6. previously adv. before the present time or the time referred to先前

7、地，以前地e.g. She had previously worked in television. 她以前干過電視這一行。 Three years previously, he had met Susan. 三年前他就見過蘇珊。 Paragraph 1Key Words And Expressions 7. individual adj. single, separate個別的；單獨的；個人的e.g. Each individual person is responsible for his own arrangements. 每個人均對自己的計劃負責。 A teacher cannot g

8、ive individual attention to his pupils in a large class. 在大班級里，老師無法關照個別學生。 Paragraph 1Key Words And Expressions8. without reference to preposition phrase without looking at something or consulting someone for information沒有參考某事，沒有參考某人的意見e.g. The decision was taken without reference to local managers.

9、 這個決策的制定沒有參考當?shù)亟?jīng)理的意見 reference n. the act of looking at something or consulting someone for information參考，查閱e.g. This book is for reference only. 這本書僅供參考。 You should make a reference to a dictionary. 你應該參考字典。Paragraph 1Key Words And ExpressionsPreviously the standards of training, certification and w

10、atchkeeping of officers and ratings were established by individual governments, usually without reference to practices in other countries. Sentence AnalysisAs引導方式狀語The basic sentence structure is SV.1. S: “the standards of training, certification and watch-keeping of officers and ratings” (主語), V: w

11、ere established (謂語是被動態(tài))2. “by individual governments” and “without reference to practice in other countries” are functioned both as adverbial (狀語). “by”引導的是方式狀語，引出謂語動詞的實施者。“without”引導伴隨狀語。 Paragraph 1Key Sentence AnalysisParagraph 1Translation 船員培訓、發(fā)證和值班標準國際公約簡稱為STCW公約 公約的采用：1978年7月7日； 公約正式生效：1984年

12、4月28日； 公約于1995年和2010年大幅修改 1978年STCW公約是第一個關于船員培訓、發(fā)證和值班的國際性公約。之前船員的培訓、發(fā)證、值班和分級的標準都是各個政府國家自己制定的，通常沒有參照別國的做法。 prescribe vt. to say with authority, what should be done in a particular situation規(guī)定，指定e.g. Each person is responsible for his own arrangements. 每個人均對自己的計劃負責。 A teacher cannot give individual at

13、tention to his pupils in a large class. 在大班級里，老師無法關照個別學生。 All the conditions prescribed by law have been complied with. 法律規(guī)定的所有情況都已得到遵守。 Paragraph 2Key Words And Expressions2. minimum adj. as small in amount or degree as possible最低的；最小的e.g. The minimum wage is 4.25 dollars an hour. 最低工價為每小時四點二五美元。 E

14、ighteen is the minimum age for entering most nightclubs. 進入夜總會最低年齡限制為18歲。 Paragraph 2Key Words And Expressions3. relating to preposition phraseconnected with 關于，與.有關e.g. Anything relating to maths is a complete mystery to me. 任何與數(shù)學相關的對我來說都是解不開的謎。 He has read some documents relating to immigration la

15、ws. 他讀過一些關于移民法的文件。 Paragraph 2Key Words And Expressions4. be obliged to verb phrase be required or compelled to do something被迫，迫使，不得不e.g. They were obliged to sell their house in order to pay their debts. 他們被迫賣房還債。 I was obliged to abandon that idea. 我不得不放棄那個想法。oblige vt. to make it necessary for (s

16、omeone) to do something迫使e.g. Circumstances oblige me to do that. 情況使我不得不那樣做。 In some countries, the parents are obliged to send their children to school. 在某些國家里，父母必須要送子女上學。Paragraph 2Key Words And Expressions6. exceed vt. to be greater than a number or amount 超過(限度)，超越e.g. The price will not exceed

17、 100 yuan. 價格不會超過100塊。 He was fined for exceeding the speed limit. 他駕車超速被罰款。 Paragraph 2Key Words And ExpressionsParagraph 2Translation 該條約規(guī)定了船員培訓、發(fā)證、值班方面最基本的、其成員國必須要達到或者超過的標準。1. adopt vt. 1) to formally approve a proposal, amendment etc, especially by voting接受，通過，批準e.g. Congress adopted new measure

18、s. 國會通過了新措施。 The agenda was adopted after some discussion. 經(jīng)過討論，議事日程獲得通過。Paragraph 3Key Words And Expressions2) to decide to start using a particular idea, plan, or method 采用，采納，采取e.g. to adopt a positive attitude / a tough line 采取積極的態(tài)度/ 強硬的路線 to adopt an idea/ a policy 采納一個意見/政策 Paragraph 3Key Word

19、s And ExpressionsParagraph 3Key Words And Expressions2. conference n. a formal meeting between people who share the same business interests（正式）會議e.g. The hotel is used for exhibition, conferences and social events. 這家飯店用于舉行展覽，大型會議和社交活動。 a conference on womens rights 婦女權(quán)利大會 Paragraph 3Key Words And E

20、xpressions3. regulation n. an especially official rule or order規(guī)章，規(guī)則e.g. to comply with the regulations 遵守章程 Under the new regulations, spending on office equipment will be strictly controlled. 按照新的規(guī)定，辦公室設備開支將受到嚴格控制。 Paragraph 3Key Words And Expressions4. divide into verb phraseto separate or make s

21、omething separate into parts分，劃分e.g. The teacher divided the class into small groups. 老師把那個班分成幾個小組。 The book is divided into six sections. 這本書分成6部分。Paragraph 3Key Words And Expressions5. chapter n. a main division of a book, typically with a number or title（書的）章；回e.g. I read the first few chapters a

22、nd then got bored. 我讀了開頭幾章就煩了。 Read Chapter 11 as your homework. 作為家庭作業(yè)，請閱讀11章。Paragraph 3Key Words And Expressions6. transfer vt. to move (something) from one place to another搬，轉(zhuǎn)移，遷移e.g. Wait until the cakes cool before transferring them to a plate. 等蛋糕涼了之后再挪到盤子上。 The film studio is transferring to

23、 Hollywood. 這個電影工作室要搬到好萊塢去。Paragraph 3Key Words And Expressions7. require vt. 1) to demand by right; order by the authority命令，要求e.g. The rules also require employers to provide safety training. 這些規(guī)則規(guī)定了用人單位要提供安全培訓。 The agreement requires all parties to renounce the use of violence. 協(xié)議要求所有的黨派放棄使用暴力。2)

24、 to need someone or something需要e.g. Please telephone this number if you require any further information. 如果你還需要信息，請撥這個號碼。 This wall requires repairing. 這面墻需要修理了。 Paragraph 3Key Words And Expressions8. detailed adj. containing or including a lot of information or details 詳細的e.g. He had a detailed kno

25、wledge of the region. 他對那個地方知道的非常詳細。detail n. a single point or fact about something 細節(jié)，詳情e.g. They knew everything about me, down to the last detail. 他們對我了如指掌，每個細節(jié)都知道。Paragraph 3Key Words And Expressions9. concerning prep. about關于e.g. We read stories concerning visitors from outer space. 我們讀了關于天外來客

26、的故事。 a newspaper article concerning the problems of big cities 一篇關于大城市問題的報紙評論文章Paragraph 3Key Words And Expressions10. ensure vt. make sure; guarantee保證，擔保e.g. The airline is taking steps to ensure safety on its aircraft. 航空公司在采取措施確保飛機上的安全。 Please ensure that all the lights are switched off at night

27、. 夜間請務必將所有的燈關掉。Paragraph 3Key Words And Expressions11. compliance n. the action or fact of complying with a wish or command服從，遵從e.g. I was surprised by his compliance with these terms. 我對他竟然依從了這些條件而感到吃驚。comply vi. to act in accordance with a wish or command依從，服從e.g. Candidates must comply strictly w

28、ith these instructions. 候選人必須嚴格遵守這些指示。 We comply with all fire safety rules. 我們遵守有關消防安全的全部條例。Paragraph 3Key Words And Expressions12. call upon verb phrase officially ask a person or organization to do something 號召，要求e.g. Opposition groups have called on the government to change the tax laws. 反對派團體號召

29、政府減稅。 You could be called upon to make a short speech. 你可能要按要求發(fā)言。 Paragraph 3Key Words And Expressions13. in relation to preposition phrase concerning or about 關于e.g. I have a lot to say in relation to that affair. 關于那件事，我有好多話要說。 Similar policies were made in the 1970s, particularly in relation to h

30、ealth services. 在20世紀70年代制定了尤其關乎衛(wèi)生健康服務的相同政策。 Paragraph 3Key Words And Expressions14. provision n. a condition in an agreement or law條款；規(guī)定e.g. This contract includes a provision for salary increases over time. 這份合同包含逐步增加工資的條款。 The doctor agreed to go to Africa, with the provision that he could take h

31、is family with him. 醫(yī)生同意去非洲，條件是可以帶家屬。 Paragraph 3Key Words And Expressions15. personnel n. the people who work in a company, organization, or military force etc. 全體人員，員工e.g. All personnel of the company are eligible for the retirement plan. 公司所有員工都有資格參加這項退休計劃。 trained personnel 培訓過的職員Paragraph 3Key

32、Words And Expressions16. emergency n. sudden serious and dangerous event or situation which needs immediate action to deal with it 緊急情況，不測事件，非常時刻e.g. the emergency exit 緊急出口 The government had declared a state of emergency after the earthquake. 地震發(fā)生后政府已宣布進入緊急狀態(tài)。 Paragraph 3Key Words And Expressions1

33、7. occupational adj. of, about, or caused by ones job職業(yè)的e.g. occupational disease 職業(yè)病 For professional footballers, injuries are an occupational hazard. 對職業(yè)足球運動員來說，受傷是體育職業(yè)上的風險。18. survival n. the state of continuing to live or exist幸存，繼續(xù)生存e.g. The doctors were zealous in their efforts to ensure the

34、survival of premature babies. 醫(yī)生們在努力保證早產(chǎn)嬰兒成活方面熱情很高。 A lot of small companies are having to fight for survival. 許多公司為了生存掙扎著。 Paragraph 3Key Words And Expressions19. function n. the job that something is designed to do功能，作用，職能e.g. Im not quite sure what my function is within the company. 我不是很清楚在公司的職能是

35、什么。 The teacher did not explain the grammatical function of this word. 老師沒有解釋這個詞的語法功能。 Paragraph 3Key Words And Expressions20. alternative1) n. something that may be taken or chosen instead of one more others替代物e.g. an alternative to fossil fuels 化石燃料能源的替代物 If you dont like the school lunch, you hav

36、e the alternative of bringing your own. 要是你不喜歡學校準備的午餐,你可以自己帶飯。2) adj. (of two or more things) that may be used, done etc, instead of another, other（兩個或以上的）可用來代替另一個的，另外的e.g. Have you got an alternative suggestion? 你有沒有其它的建議？ One of the major features of the revision was the division of the technical

37、annex into regulations, divided into Chapters as before, and a new STCW Code, to which many technical regulations were transferred. Sentence AnalysisThe basic sentence structure is SVC.1. S: “One of the major features of the revision” (主語), V: “was” (系動詞謂語), C: “the division of the technical annex i

38、nto regulations”(第一個表語) and “a new STCW Code”(第二個表語).2. “divided into Chapters as before” and “to which many technical regulations were transferred” are functioned both as modifier (定語). “divided into Chapters as before”修飾前文的“the technical annex”?！皌o which many technical regulations were transferred

39、”為定語從句，修飾前文的“STCW Code”。 Paragraph 3Key Sentence Analysis Another major change was the requirement for Parties to the Convention, who are required to provide detailed information to IMO concerning administrative measures taken to ensure compliance with the Convention.Sentence Analysis1. The basic se

40、ntence structure is SVC.S: “Another major features” (主語), V: “was” (系動詞謂語), C: “the requirement for Parties to the Convention”(表語).“who are required to provide detailed information to IMO concerning administrative measures taken to ensure compliance with the Convention” 為定語從句，修飾前文的“Parties”。在該從句中 “w

41、ho (Parties)” 為主語，謂語為是被動態(tài)和動詞不定式的復合“are required to provide”，相當于“The Convention requires Parties to provide detailed information to IMO”。在這個不定式中，“concerning administrative measures”為后置定語修飾不定式動詞賓語“information”，其后的“taken to ensure compliance with the Convention”為過去分詞做定語，修飾前面的“measures”。 Paragraph 3Key

42、Sentence Analysis2. Past participles as modifiers(過去分詞做定語修飾名詞)過去分詞作定語，語態(tài)上通常表被動，與所修飾的名詞有邏輯（意義）上的動賓關系，所修飾的名詞在邏輯上相當于被動句中的主語，過去分詞相當于謂語。單個的過去分詞作定語一般放在被修飾的名詞之前。過去分詞短語作定語放在名詞后面，作后置定語。More examples: Heisateacherlovedbyhisstudents. 他是個很受學生愛戴的老師。 Thereisalightedcandleonthetable. 桌上有一支點著的蠟燭。Paragraph 3Key Sent

43、ence AnalysisParagraph 3Translation 經(jīng)大會通過，1995年修正案于1997年2月正式生效。技術性條款的附則部分分成章節(jié)，并新增了與公約和附則相對應的STCW規(guī)則，這是1995年修正案的重要特征之一。該修正案還有一個重大的改變，就是要求各締約國向國際海事組織(IMO)提交為使公約完全實施而采取的管理措施的具體信息。該修正案表明了IMO組織第一次為遵守和執(zhí)行公約而被召集起來。STCW公約章節(jié)第一章：總則第二章：船長、甲板部第三章：輪機部第四章：無線電部第五章：特定類型船舶的船員特別培訓要求第六章：應急、職業(yè)安全、醫(yī)護和救生職能第七章：可供選擇的發(fā)證第八章：值班S

44、TCW規(guī)則。contain vt. to have something inside or include something as a part 裝有；包含，含有e.g. That box contains old letters. 那盒子里裝著舊信。 The information you need is contained in this report. 你所要的信息都包括在這份報告里了。 Paragraph 4Key Words And Expressionssection n. something, or a group of things, that forms part of a

45、 larger group部分e.g. The last section sums up the arguments of this article. 最后一部分總結(jié)了文章的論點。 Mother cut the cake into 4 equal sections. 母親將蛋糕切成相等的四份。 Paragraph 4Key Words And Expressions3. enlarge upon verb phrase to give more information about something that you have already mentioned 詳述；進一步補充e.g. He

46、 refused to enlarge upon his reasons for leaving his job. 他拒絕詳細說明他辭職的原因。4. mandatory adj. demanded by law or compulsory強制性的e.g. Its mandatory to pay taxes. 必須繳稅。 Paragraph 4Key Words and xpressions5. recommend vt. to praise as being good for a purpose; provide information about (someone or something

47、 good) 推薦，舉薦e.g. Can you recommend a good restaurant (to me)? 你能推薦一家好的餐廳嗎？ The hotels new restaurant comes highly recommended. 這家酒店的新餐廳得到了人們的普遍贊揚。 Paragraph 4Key Words And ExpressionsParagraph 4Translation STCW公約所包含的規(guī)定由STCW條款部分例舉出?？偠灾s包含的基本要求在STCW條款部分中有補充和解釋。條款的A部分是強制性的，而B部分是推薦性的。tacit adj.1) imp

48、lied by law法定的2) understood without being expressed directly默認的，心照不宣的e.g. tacit agreement/approval 默許/默契 Paragraph 5Key Words And Expressions2. procedure n. order or way of doing something程序，手續(xù)，步驟e.g. the usual procedure at committee meetings 委員會會議的一般程序 His first procedure was to make a thorough inv

49、estigation. 他首先采取的步驟是進行徹底調(diào)查。Paragraph 5Key Words And Expressions3. bring/keep something up to date verb phrase to give all the newest information about something更新e.g. The old system should be brought up to date. 舊系統(tǒng)要更新了。 It will keep you up to date with our progress. 這可以讓你跟進我們計劃的最新發(fā)展。Paragraph 5Key

50、 Words And Expressions4. address vt.1) to try to deal with a problem or question 處理，應付e.g. You should address him as an equal you are fellow employees. 你應該以你們都是雇員的身份來對待他。 Your essay does not address the real issues. 你的文章沒有探討真正的問題。2) to write the name and address of a person or organization on an env

51、elope, parcel etc寫（信封或包裹）上姓名和地址e.g. Would you help me address these envelopes? 請幫我在這些信封上寫上地址好嗎？Paragraph 5Key Words And Expressions4. address n.1) the name of the place where you live or work or a series of letters, numbers, and symbols showing you where to find a particular website on the internet地

52、址，網(wǎng)址e.g. a return address 回信地址 an email address 電子郵箱地址2) a formal speech to a group of people演說，講話e.g. a television address 電視講話 Paragraph 5Key Words And Expressions5. anticipate vt. to think something is likely to happen; expect預期, 希望e.g. to anticipate a pleasant vacation 期望度過一個愉快的假期 We anticipate

53、meeting a certain amount of resistance to our plan. 我們預料我們的計劃會遇到一些人的反對。 We anticipate that sales will rise next year. 我們預料明年的銷售量將會增加。Paragraph 5Key Words And Expressions6. emerge vi. to start to exit, to appear or become known發(fā)生，顯露e.g. After long talks, possible solutions emerged. 經(jīng)過一段長談后，幾項可能的解決方案都

54、顯現(xiàn)出來了。 The moon emerged from behind the clouds. 月亮從云層后露出來。 Paragraph 5Key Words And ExpressionsThe 2010 amendments are set to enter into force on 1 January 2012 under the tacit acceptance procedure and are aimed at bringing the Convention and Code up to date with developments since they were initial

55、ly adopted and to enable them to address issues that are anticipated to emerge in the foreseeable future.Sentence AnalysisThe basic sentence structure is SV.S: “The 2010 amendments” (主語), V: “are set to enter into force”(含動詞不定式的復合謂語) “are aimed at”(謂語是動詞詞組，含介詞短語“at bringing the Convention and Code u

56、p to date with development”) and “to enable them to address issues” (含動詞不定式的復合謂語).“under the tacit acceptance procedure”是第一個復合謂語動詞不定式的條件狀語。從句“since they were initially adopted” 作為第二個謂語的原因狀語。從句 “that are anticipated to emerge in the foreseeable future”是定語從句，修飾前文的“issues”。 Paragraph 5Key Sentence Anal

57、ysisParagraph 5Translation STCW馬尼拉修正案和條款于2010年6月25日修定，這標志著STCW國際公約的大幅修改。2010年修訂案將于2012年1月1日正式實施，主要目的是使STCW公約跟進時代的最新發(fā)展，適應未來可能會出現(xiàn)的問題和局勢。Part ExercisesSection 1: Comprehension Section 2: VocabularySection 3: Grammar Section 4: Translation 1. When was the STCW adopted and when did it enter into force? S

58、TCW was adopted on July 7th, 1978 and it entered into force on April 28th, 1984. 2. Why was the STCW established?Because previously the standards of training, certification and watch-keeping of officers and ratings were established by individual governments and the STCW Convention was the first one

59、of that kind on an international level. 3. What are two major features of the 1995 revision?The first one: there was the division of the technical annex into regulations, divided into Chapters as before, and a new STCW Code, to which many technical regulations were transferred.Section 1: Comprehensi

60、on4. How many parts are there in STCW Code? What are they? There are two parts in STCW Code, namely part A and part B. 5. What marks a major revision to STCW Convention and Code? The Manila amendments to the STCW Convention and Code. Section 1: Comprehension1) The ISM Code is included into the Chapt