考點21被動語態(tài)-備戰(zhàn)2020年中考英語考點一遍過

1、121破醐蠲海蒙考點詳解7命題趨勢：動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)是中考出現(xiàn)頻率較高的語法項目之一?？碱}多以具體的語境為主，體現(xiàn)了對語法知 識、語境理解、語言交際能力的綜合考查。中考考查重點：.被動語態(tài)的句型；.被動語態(tài)的各種時態(tài)形式；.被動語態(tài)的用法；.主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)；.主動形式表示被動意義。被動語態(tài)考向一：被動語態(tài)的句型句型構(gòu)成例句啟/E句主語+ be +過去分詞(+ by.)English is spoken everywhere. 到處有人說英語。否定句主語 + be + not +過去分詞(+ by)English isn t spoken by people here. 這里的人不說英語。一

2、般疑問句Be +主語 +過去分詞(+ by.)?Was Tom asked to come early?湯姆被要求早點來嗎 ?Yes, he was.是的，他被要求了。/No, he wasnt.不，他沒有。特殊疑問句特殊疑問詞+ be +主語 + 過去分詞(+by.)?Why was this bridge destroyed by the government?政府為什么要拆毀這座橋？考向二：被動語態(tài)的各種時態(tài)形式時態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)例句一般現(xiàn)在時主語 + am/is/are +過去分詞+其他History is made by the people. 歷史是人們創(chuàng)造的。These books are

3、 designed for children.這些書是為孩子們設(shè)計的。一般過去時主語 + was/were +過去分詞+其他The letter was written in English. 這封怎是用英語與的。The cars were made in Shanghai. 這些車是上海生廣的。一般將來時主語+ will be +過去分詞+其他Your job will be kept open for your return.你的工作將保留到你回來。When will the work be finished? 這項工作什么時候完成？現(xiàn)在進行時主語 + am/is/am +being +過

4、去分詞 +其他A new railway is being built. 一條新鐵路止在修建。Because my car is being repaired, I have to go to work by taxi. 因為我的車正在修理，所以我不得不坐出租車去上班。過去進行時主語 + was/were +being +過去分詞+其他The hall was being built last year. I m not sure if it is completed. 這個個大廳去年止在修建，我不清楚建好了沒有。The road was being widened when I passed

5、 by the village. 當(dāng)我經(jīng) 過那個村莊時，道路正在加寬?，F(xiàn)在完成時主語 +have/has been +過去分詞+其他He has been sent to work in Shanghai.他已經(jīng)被派往上海工作了。Has the sports meeting been put off until next Friday? 運動會已經(jīng)推遲到下周五了嗎？過去完成時主語 + had been +過去分詞+其他The room had been broken into before we came. 我們來之前已經(jīng) 有人強行進過這間屋子。A new hotel had been bui

6、lt when I got there. 我到那兒時，一座新 旅館已經(jīng)建好了。情態(tài)動詞主語+情態(tài)動詞 +be +過去分詞 +其他Her temperature should be taken twice a day.她的體溫應(yīng)該 天量兩次。If heated, water can be turned into vapour.如果受熱，水會變成烝氣?？枷蛉罕粍诱Z態(tài)的用法用法例句不知道或者不必說出動作的執(zhí)行者How is this word pronounced? 這個單詞怎么發(fā)首?The book was published in 2005.這本書是 2005 年出版的。強調(diào)動作的承受者Sch

7、ool will be opened in our village.我們村將開辦一所新的希望 學(xué)校。當(dāng)動作的執(zhí)行者是泛指時He is suspected of robbing the bank.有人懷疑他搶劫銀行。表示委婉或禮貌，避免提及動作的執(zhí)行者I have been told many times not to make noises. 有人多次告訴我不要吵鬧。句法修飾的需要The lecture will be made by Joe, who is a young musician from Italy.喬要做這個報告，他是意大利的一位年輕的音樂家。有些動詞習(xí)慣上常用被動語態(tài)He w

8、as born in this city.他出生在這個城市。It is reported that he is a professor from New Zealand. 據(jù)報道， 他是來自新西蘭的一位教授?？枷蛩模褐鲃诱Z態(tài)變被動語態(tài)說明例句含有單個賓語的主動句，即“主語+謂語動詞+賓語：把主動句的賓語變?yōu)楸粍泳涞闹髡Z，并依據(jù)上表（被動語態(tài)的各種時態(tài)形式）謂語改為被動形式；如果需要說明動作的發(fā)出者，則需加上“by +主動句的主語（人稱代詞賓格）”。The famous professor gave two lectures in English.f Two lectures were give

9、n (by the famous professor) inEnglish.那位著名的教授用英語作了兩次報告。They often ask some questions after class.f Some questions are often asked (by them) after class.他們經(jīng)常在課后問一些問題。含有雙賓語的主動句，即主語+間接賓語+直接賓語“：當(dāng)直接賓語是名詞或代詞時，可將間接賓語和直接賓語中的任個變?yōu)楸粍拥闹髡Z，而另一個保持不動。但是，當(dāng)直接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z時，間接賓語前應(yīng)加上介The doctor gave me some good advice on the

10、 pronunciation.fI was given some good advice on the pronunciation.f Some good advice was given to me on the pronunciation.老師給我提了一些關(guān)于發(fā)音方面的好建議。詞to或or。含有復(fù)合賓語的主動句，即主語+賓語+ 賓語補足語：把主動句的賓語變?yōu)楸粍泳?的主語，賓補保持不動（成為主語補足語，簡 稱主補）。We call him Li Hua.一 He is called Li Hua.我們叫他李華。They painted the room white.一The room wa

11、s painted white.他們把房間刷成了白色?！疽族e警示】感官動詞和使役動詞后接動詞原形作賓補，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，需要在動詞原形前力口上省略的不定式符號 to, 即“ be seen/heard/found/observed/noticed/made to do sth。They saw her enter the meeting room just now.f She was seen to enter the meeting room just now.剛才他們看見她進入了會議室。含有動詞短語（作謂語）的主動句：謂 語為及物動詞短語的主動句方可變?yōu)楸?動語念。They take go

12、od care of these children.f These children are taken good care of.他們把這些孩子照顧得非常好。We should make full use of the good chance.f The good chance should be made full use of.我們應(yīng)該充分利用這次好機會?！疽族e警示】動詞短語用于被動語態(tài)時，把它們看作一個整體變成被動結(jié)構(gòu)，其后的介詞和副詞不可丟掉?？枷蛭澹褐鲃有问奖硎颈粍右饬x情況例句說明主語的性質(zhì)、特征的動詞，用主動形式The cloth washes well.這種布料很容易洗.表達被

13、動意義, 如：lock, open, read, sell,A freshly baked cake doesn t cut easily.剛烤好的蛋糕不容teachi, wash, write 等。易切。表示感官的連系動詞，用主動形式表達被動This piece of music sounds good. 這段 首,樂聽起來不錯。意義，如：smell, feel, taste, sound等。Mooncakes taste delicious.月餅嘗起來很美味。某些動詞后用動名詞的主動形式表達被動The bike needs repairing.這輛自行車需要修理。意義，如： need, w

14、ant, require, worth 等。Your hair wants cutting.你的頭發(fā)該理了?！局R拓展】常見的被動形式表示主動意義的詞組：be seated坐著，就座be hidden躲藏be lost迷路be drunk 喝醉be dressed 穿著套5、方法技巧被動語態(tài)記憶口訣被動語態(tài)強調(diào)賓，用 be加上“過去分。be要隨著主語變，人稱時態(tài)要弄準。行為對象作主語，邏輯主語by來引。原句若是雙賓語，一變主來一保賓?！伴g賓U要把主語變，原來直賓還是賓。直賓要把主語變，間賓前加uto最稱心。唯有原賓是復(fù)合，只有變賓要當(dāng)心。原句賓補變主補，位置不必挪寸分。情態(tài)動詞變被動，情態(tài)加b

15、e加過分。如若情態(tài)后帶to,變后有to才弄準。短語動詞變被動，相當(dāng)及物”莫疑心。不過其后U介或副，變后還得要承認?，F(xiàn)正跟蹤訓(xùn)練一、用括號內(nèi)所給動詞的正確形式填空。(請注意時態(tài)和語態(tài)兩個方面哦)It s said(據(jù)說)that the long bridge (build) in two months.Where to have the meeting (discuss) now.Which language the most widely (speak) in the world?The lost boy ( not find ) so far.Last year a large numbe

16、r of trees ( cut) down.The students often (tell) to take care of their desks and chairs.The old man is ill. He (must send) to the hospital.Vegetables, eggs and fruits (sell) in this shop. What knives (make) of ? They (make) of metal( 金屬 ) and wood.Can the magazine (take) out of the library?The room

17、(clean) by me every day.The stars can t (see) in the daytime.Some flowers (water) by Li Ming already.This kind of shoes (sell) well.How long your uncle (be) in the city?The food (smell) delicious.二、按要求改寫下列句子，一空一詞。Is tea grown in South China? (改為主動語態(tài)) people tea in South China?I am given a birthday p

18、resent by my parents every year. (同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)A birthday present by my parents everyyear.The work is going to be finished in two days. ( 對劃線提問 )How the work going to be finished? TOC o 1-5 h z The children will sing an English song. ( 改為被動語態(tài))An English song by the children.You needn t do it now. ( 改為被動語態(tài))

19、It by you now.People use metal for making machines. ( 改為被動語態(tài))Metal making machines.He made me do that for him.（改為被動語態(tài)）Ithat for him.They are watching the football match.The football match by them.Did they build a bridge here a year ago?（改為被動語態(tài)） a bridge here by them a year ago?They have sold out the

20、 light green dresses.（改為被動語態(tài)）The light green dresses out.We call the game Lianliankan .（改為被動語態(tài)）The game Lianliankan by us.三、根據(jù)所給漢語完成句子，一空一詞。 The new bike（買給我）by my parentsas a present last week.your mobile phone（是國產(chǎn)的嗎） ? The whole mountain is（ 覆蓋）the snow.四、下列各句均有一處錯誤，請找出并改正過來。I have a lot of homewo

21、rk to be done tonight. Is your history teacher listened carefully in class? Lei Feng s name remembered by all Chinese people. The music is sounded beautiful. By who was this new educational CD-ROM designed? 44真題再現(xiàn)（2019 ?胡3匕省宜昌市）Its reported that 31 of the brave young men in a big forest fire inSichu

22、an.-I dont know who they are, but I know who they are for.A. were killingB. were killedC. killedD. had killed（2019 ?胡南長沙）一Perfect photos! Good skills! Thank you. They by my Huawei mobile phone. In fact, I am not skillful at all.A. tookB. were takenC. will be taken（2019 ?胡南省岳陽市）Its reported that Notr

23、e- Dame de Paris （巴黎圣母院） in April 2019 .A. was burntB. is burntC. be burnt4.（2019?四川省眉山市）Paperfirstabout two thousand years ago in China by CaiLun.A. is; inventingB. is; inventedC. has; inventedD. was; invented（2019 ?胡3匕省咸寧市）The passenger refused to move after taking another ones seat! What a shame!

24、 He according to the new credit system（誠信體系 ）.A. punishB. punishedC. will punishD. will be punished（2019 ?!陽市） 一I enjoy walking on the clean streets in the morning.A. clean- You know they by the hard-working cleaners every day.B. are cleanedC. are cleaningD. will clean（2019 ?胡南省益陽市）A lot of trees ev

25、ery spring in Yiyang city.A. plantB. is plantedC. are planted（2019 宜蘇省南京市）The China International Search and Rescue Team has brought help and hope to people in disasters around the world since it 18 years ago.A. set upB. is set upC. was set upD. will be set up（2019 ?四川省廣元市）Many old trees and houses

26、by the terrible rainstorm last night.in the shape of aA. are pulled down B. were pulled downC. will be pulled down（2019饋陽市）The Meitan Tea Museum, a famous building in Guizhou,giant teapot.A. will be builtB. should be builtC. was built模擬檢測r *.-k一（安徽省馬鞍山市2018屆九年級第二學(xué)期二模）Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge.（廣

27、東省東莞市智升學(xué)校2019屆第一學(xué)期第三次月考）they answered the questions.A. askB. asked.（福建省廈門雙十中學(xué)2018屆初三第二次模擬考試）playground?Not until the playground next week.A. will repairB. will be repairedHowever, we dont know what time it will be open to traffic.A. is builtB. was built.（安徽著名重點中學(xué) 2018屆九年級領(lǐng)航中考沖刺試卷）Students to read th

28、e text carefully beforeC. are askedD. were askedExcuse me, when can we play basketball on theC. is repaired already.C. will be builtD. has been built I cant hear any sound in Tonys room. Is he in? Oh, I forget to tell you. He to attend his friend s birthday party two hours ago.A. has invitedB. was i

29、nvitedC. will be invitedD. has been invited. （2018 河北邯鄲市中考英語第一次模擬）Animals as our good friends because they help us a lot.A. treatB. are treatedC. treatedD. were treated. （2018 屆上海市黃浦區(qū)中考英語二模）It is reported that the ticket prices for key tourist sites in our countrysoon.A. have reducedB. were reducedC

30、. have reducedD. will be reduced.（寧夏銀川市第二中學(xué)（北塔中學(xué)）2018屆九年級下學(xué)期模擬）Paper by Cai Lun in China about2000 years ago.A. can be inventedB. is inventedC. will be inventedD. was invented.（天津市東麗區(qū) 2018屆九年級中考第二次模擬）Look! The tree is growing well. When? Three years ago.A. will it be plantedB. did it plantC. was it

31、plantedD. is it planted.（河南省信陽市第九中學(xué)2018屆九年級下學(xué)期最后一次模擬）The 24th Winter Olympic Gamesin Beijing and Zhangjiakou in 2022, from February 4th to 20th.A. is going to holdB. holdC. will be heldD. is held.（福建省龍巖市 2018 適應(yīng)性練習(xí)） 一Li Hong, football to our school subjects next term. Great! Its my favorite. I can t

32、 wait.A. was addedB. is addedC. will be added【跟蹤訓(xùn)練】-、用括號內(nèi)所給動詞的正確形式填空。（請注意時態(tài)和語態(tài)兩個方面哦 ）1. will be built5. were cut9. are made , are made13. have been watered二、按要求改寫下列句子，1. Do, grow5. neednt be donewas built三、根據(jù)所給漢語完成句子, was bought for me四、下列各句均有一處錯誤,3. is spoken7. must be sent11. is cleaned15. has bee

33、n3.soon is7. was made to do11. is called covered with2. is being discussed6. are told10. be taken14. sells一空一詞。2. is given to me6. is used for10. have been sold一空一詞。 Is made in China請找出并改正過來。4.hasnt been found8. are sold12. be seen16. smells4. will be sung8. is being watchedbe done改為 do listened 改為

34、listened to remembered 改為was remembered is sounded 改為 sounds By who 改為 By whom【真題再現(xiàn)】B【解析】句意：一一據(jù)報道，31名勇敢的年輕人在四川的一場森林大火中喪生。一一我不知道他們是誰，但我知道他們是為了誰。考查動詞語態(tài)辨析。31 of the brave young men是復(fù)數(shù)人稱，是動詞 kill的受動者，需用“ be +過去分詞”被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)；根據(jù)句意結(jié)構(gòu)，可知選 BoB【解析】句意：好漂亮的照片！技術(shù)真棒！一一謝謝。它們是用我的華為手機拍攝的。事實上，我一點也不熟練。A. took 一般過去時的主動語態(tài)；B

35、. were taken一般過去時的被動語態(tài)；C. will be taken 一般將來時的被動語態(tài)。They代指Perfect photos,與動詞take之間是被動的關(guān)系，排除 A;這些照片已經(jīng)拍攝完畢，是在過去拍攝的，故用一般過去時態(tài)，答案為 BoA【解析】主語 Notre-Dame de Paris和謂語燒毀是被動關(guān)系，再根據(jù)句意 據(jù)報道巴黎圣母院于 2019年4月被燒毀可知，要用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)，其構(gòu)成為was/ were done,故選：A。D【解析】句意：在中國大約兩千年前，紙最開始被蔡倫發(fā)明?？疾闀r態(tài)語態(tài)。A.現(xiàn)在進行時；B.一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)；C.現(xiàn)在完成時；D.一般過

36、去時的被動語態(tài)。 主語paper與謂語invent之間為被動be done, 排除A和C；且根據(jù)two thousand years ago可知，用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)，故選D。D【解析】句意：一一乘客坐了另一個乘客的座位后拒絕調(diào)動！一一他的行為太羞恥了！根據(jù)新的信用規(guī)則，他將受到懲罰。 A為動詞原形；B為過去式；C為一般將來時；D.為一般將來時的被動語態(tài)。 結(jié)合語境可知，主語 He和punish之間存在著被動關(guān)系，因此應(yīng)該用被動語態(tài)；再者，乘客坐了另一個 乘客的座位后拒絕調(diào)動！該乘客是將要接受懲罰的，因此時態(tài)為一般將來時，綜合分析可知，本題應(yīng) 該用一般將來時的被動語態(tài)。故選D。B【解析】句意

37、：一一我喜歡早上在干凈的街道上散步。一一你知道它們每天都被勤奮的清潔工打掃。考查一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)。A. clean打掃，動詞原形；B. are cleaned一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)；C. are cleaning現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài)；D. will clean 一般將來時態(tài)。根據(jù) You know theyby the hard-working cleanersA. plant 栽種；B. is planted 被every day.可知本句為主從復(fù)合句， 從句的主語they和謂語動詞clean之間存在邏輯上的被動關(guān)系， 所以 應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)；由every day可知句子時態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時，一般現(xiàn)在時的

38、被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成為 am/is/are+動詞 的過去分詞，主語是 they, be動詞用are, clean的過去分詞是 cleaned;故選B。C【解析】考查被動語態(tài)。句意：每年春天，益陽市都會栽種大量的樹木。栽種，是主語為單數(shù)第三人稱的被動語態(tài)；C. are planted被種植，是主語為復(fù)數(shù)的被動語態(tài)。根據(jù)主語a lot of trees大量的樹木，是可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，可知 be動詞用are,故選C。8. C【解析】根據(jù)句意中國國際搜救隊自18年前成立以來，為世界各地的災(zāi)民帶來了幫助和希望可知,要用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)，其構(gòu)成為was/ were done, 故選 C。B【解析】考查一般過去時被

39、動語態(tài)用法。句意：昨晚，很多老樹和舊房子被可怕的暴雨摧毀了?！癮re pulleddown”是一般現(xiàn)在時被動語態(tài)；were pulled down是一般過去時被動語態(tài)；will be pulled down是一般將來時被動語態(tài)。根據(jù)本句的時間“l(fā)ast night （昨天晚上）可知用一般過去時被動語態(tài)，故選 B。C【解析】句意：湘潭茶館是貴州省著名的茶館，它是一個巨大的茶壺形建筑。A. will be built將被建造；一般將來時被動語態(tài)；B. should be built應(yīng)該被建造；含情態(tài)動詞被動語態(tài)；C. was built被建造，一般過去時態(tài)，被動語態(tài)。根據(jù)語境可知這里是一般過去時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)，其結(jié)構(gòu)是was/were done的形式。根據(jù)題意，故選Co【模擬檢測】D【解析】句意：學(xué)生們被要求在回答問題之前仔細閱讀課文。考查一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。A. ask動詞原形；B. asked動詞過去式；C. are asked一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)；D. were asked 一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。根據(jù)題干可知主語和謂語動詞之間是被動關(guān)系，即學(xué)生們是被要求去仔細閱讀課文，所以應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)，故排除A 、 B 選項；由句中的 answered 可知是一般過去時