高考英語閱讀理解訓練

1、2012年高考英語閱讀理解訓練目錄 TOC o 1-3 h z u HYPERLINK l _Toc323826877 2012年高考英語閱讀理解訓練：說理議論類 PAGEREF _Toc323826877 h 1 HYPERLINK l _Toc323826878 2012年高考英語閱讀理解訓練：廣告說明類 PAGEREF _Toc323826878 h 7 HYPERLINK l _Toc323826879 2012年高考英語閱讀理解訓練：科普小品類 PAGEREF _Toc323826879 h 16 HYPERLINK l _Toc323826880 2012年高考英語閱讀理解訓練：人

2、物傳記類 PAGEREF _Toc323826880 h 24 HYPERLINK l _Toc323826881 2012年高考英語閱讀理解訓練：社會文化類 PAGEREF _Toc323826881 h 32 HYPERLINK l _Toc323826882 2012年高考英語閱讀理解訓練：生態(tài)環(huán)保類 PAGEREF _Toc323826882 h 39 HYPERLINK l _Toc323826883 2012年高考英語閱讀理解訓練：時文報道類 PAGEREF _Toc323826883 h 482012年高考英語閱讀理解訓練：說理議論類(一)(2011湖北高考)Feeling bl

3、ue about the world? “Cheer up.” says science writer Matt Ridley. “The world has never been a better place to live in, and it will keep on getting better both for humans and for nature.”Ridley calls himself a rational optimistrational, because hes carefully weighed the evidence; optimistic, because t

4、hat evidence shows human progress to be both unavoidable and good. And this is what hes set out to prove from a unique point of view in his most recent book, The Rational Optimist. He views mankind as a grand enterprise that, on the whole, has done little but progress for 100,000 years. He backs his

5、 findings with hard facts gathered through years of research.Heres how he explains his views.1 ) Shopping fuels inventionIt is reported that there are more than ten billion different products for sale in London alone. Even allowing for the many people who still live in poverty, our own generation ha

6、s access to more nutritious food, more convenient transport, bigger houses, better cars, and, of course, more pounds and dollars than any who lived before us. This will continue as long as we use these things to make other things. The more we specialize and exchange, the better off well be.2) Brilli

7、ant advancesOne reason we are richer, healthier, taller, cleverer, longer?lived and freer than ever before is that the four most basic human needsfood, clothing, fuel and shelterhave grown a lot cheaper. Take one example. In 1800 a candle providing one hours light cost six hours work. In the 1880s t

8、he same light from an oil lamp took 15 minutes work to pay for. In 1950 it was eight seconds. Today its half second.3 ) Lets not kill ourselves for climate changeMitigating (減輕) climate change could prove just as damaging to human welfare as climate change itself. A child that dies from indoor smoke

9、 in a village, where the use of fossil?fuel (化石燃料) electricity is forbidden by well?meaning members of green political movements trying to save the world, is just as great a tragedy as a child that dies in a flood caused by climate change. If climate change proves to be mild, but cutting carbon caus

10、es real pain, we may well find that we have stopped a nose?bleed by putting a tourniquet (止血帶) around our necks.1. What is the theme of Ridleys most recent book? A. Weakness of human nature. B. Concern about climate change. C. Importance of practical thinking. D. Optimism about human progress.2. How

11、 does Ridley look at shopping? A. It encourages the creation of things. B. It results in shortage of goods. C. It demands more fossil fuels. D. It causes a poverty problem.3. The candle and lamp example is used to show that _. A. oil lamps give off more light than candles B. shortening working time

12、brings about a happier life C. advanced technology helps to produce better candles D. increased production rate leads to lower cost of goods4. What does the last sentence of the passage imply? A. Cutting carbon is necessary in spite of the huge cost. B. Overreaction to climate change may be dangerou

13、s. C. Peoples health is closely related to climate change. D. Careless medical treatment may cause great pain.答案與解析1D細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“Ridley calls himself a rational optimistrational, because hes carefully weighed the evidence; optimistic, because that evidence shows human progress.” Ridley 自稱是一個理性的樂觀

14、主義者，所謂理性是因為他仔細權(quán)衡證據(jù)；所謂樂觀是因為這些證據(jù)表明人類進步是不可避免的，而且也是十分美好的。這就是他在近期的一 本書當中以全新的視角向人們證明的主題。故此處D項正確。2A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一個小標題題目“Shopping fuels invention”以及其內(nèi)容最后一句“The more we specialize and exchange, the better off well be.”可知，購物刺激發(fā)明創(chuàng)造，刺激消費，促進生產(chǎn)，這種情況越多，我們將會越富有。故此處A項正確。3D細節(jié)理解題。從第二個標題內(nèi)容可知，我們生活遠比以前富裕，健康，長壽，人也長得高了，也比以前聰明了

15、，其中一個原因是我們?nèi)祟惖乃姆N基本需求衣，食，住，行比以前便宜了很多。因此以油燈和蠟燭為例進一步闡述，故此處D項正確。4.B推理判斷題。由文章最后一句可知，如果氣候變化證明是輕微的，然而降低二氧化碳會引起麻煩，那么很可能會發(fā)現(xiàn)我們用止血帶纏繞脖子以此止住鼻血。此處暗指對氣候變化的過度反應(yīng)存在危險。故B項正確。(二)(2011四川高考)In business, theres a speed difference: Its the difference between how important a firms leaders say speed is to their competitive(競

16、爭的) strategy(策略) and how fast the company actually moves.The difference is important regardless of industry and company size. Companies fearful of losing their competitive advantage spend much time and money looking for ways to pick up the speed.In our study of 343 businesses, the companies that cho

17、se to go, go, go to try to gain_an_edge ended up with lower sales and operating incomes than those that paused at key moments to make sure they were on the right track.Whats more, the firms that “slowed down to speed up” improved their top and bottom lines, averaging 40% higher sales and 52% higher

18、operating incomes over a three?year period.How did they disobey the_laws_of_business_physics,_taking more time than competitors yet performing better? They thought differently about what “slower” and “faster” mean.Firms sometimes fail to understand the difference between operational speed (moving qu

19、ickly) and strategic speed (reducing the time it takes to deliver value)Simply increasing the speed of production, for example, may be one way to try to reduce the speed difference.But that often leads to reduced value over time, in the form of lower?quality products and services.In our study, highe

20、r?performing companies with strategic speed always made changes when necessary. They became more open to ideas and discussion.They encouraged new ways of thinking.And they allowed time to look back and learn.By contrast (相比而言), performance suffered at firms that moved fast all the time, paid too muc

21、h attention to improving efficiency, stuck to tested methods, didnt develop team spirit among their employees, and had little time thinking about changes.Strategic speed serves as a kind of leadership.Teams that regularly take time to get things right, rather than plough ahead full bore, are more su

22、ccessful in meeting their business goals.That kind of strategy must come from the top.1What does the underlined part “gain an edge” in Paragraph 2 mean? AIncrease the speed. BGet an advantage. CReach the limit. DSet a goal.2The underlined part “the laws of business physics” in Paragraph 3 means _. A

23、spending more time and performing worse Bspending more time and performing better Cspending less time and performing worse Dspending less time and performing better3What can we learn from the text? AHow fast a firm moves depends on how big it is. BHow competitive a firm is depends on what it produce

24、s. CFirms guided by strategic speed take time to make necessary changes. DFirms guided by operational speed take time to develop necessary team spirit.4Which could be the best title for the text? AImprove quality? Serve better. BDeliver value? Plough ahead. CReduce time? Move faster. DNeed speed? Sl

25、ow down.答案與解析1.B詞義猜測題。許多公司都想選擇提速來獲取優(yōu)勢，而不是達到極限或設(shè)定目標，故get an advantage正確。2.D細節(jié)理解題。由文中第三段第一句和第二句的含義：他們怎樣違反商業(yè)物理規(guī)則，比做得更好的競爭對手花了更多的時間？他們不同地看待更慢和更快的意思?？芍虡I(yè)物理規(guī)則應(yīng)是用更少的時間做得更好。故選D項。3.C推理判斷題。文章主要講述了strategic speed的重要性，且在文中第四段第一句也說明了這一點：運用策略速度的公司往往在必要時作出改變。故選C項。4D主旨大意題。文章圍繞speed 展開，且區(qū)分了operational speed 與 strate

26、gic speed，強調(diào)了后者的重要性，故D項正確。(三)(2011重慶高考)Skeptics are a strange lot. Some of them refuse to admit the serious threat of human activities to the environment, and they are tired of people who disagree with them. Those people, say skeptics, spread nothing but bad news about the environment. The “eco?guil

27、t” brought on by the discouraging news about our planet gives rise to the popularity of skeptics as people search for more comforting worldviews.Perhaps that explains why a new book by Bjorn Lomborg received so much publicity. That book, The Skeptical Environmentalist, declares that it measures the

28、“real state of the world” as fine.Of course, another explanation is the deep pockets of some big businesses with special interests.Indeed, Mr.Lomborgs views are similar to those of some industry?funded organizations, which start huge activities through the media to confuse the public about issues li

29、ke global warming.So it was strange to see Mr. Lomborgs book go largely unchallenged in the media though his beliefs were contrary to most scientific opinions. One national newspaper in Canada ran a number of articles and reviews full of words of praise, even with the conclusion that “After Lomborg,

30、 the environmental movement will begin to die down.”Such one?sided views should have immediately been challenged. But only a different review appeared in Nature, a respected science magazine with specific readership. The review remarked that Mr. Lomborgs “preference for unexamined materials is incre

31、dible (不可信的)”A critical (批判的) eye is valuable, and the media should present information in such a way that could allow people to make informed decisions. Unfortunately, that is often inaccessible as blocked by the desire to be shocking or to defend some special interests. People might become half?bl

32、ind before a world partially exhibited by the media. Thats a shame, because matters concerning the health of the planet are far too important to be treated lightly.1According to the passage, which of the following may be regarded as “skeptics” ? APeople who agree on the popularity of “eco?guilt” BPe

33、ople who disbelieve the serious situation of our planet. CPeople who dislike the harmful effect of human activities. DPeople who spread comforting news to protect our environment.2Which of the following can be a reason for the popularity of Lomborgs book? ASome big businesses intend to protect their

34、 own interests. BThe book challenges views about the fine state of the world. CThe author convinces people to seek comforting worldviews. DIndustry?funded media present confusing information.3The author mentioned the review in Nature in order to_. Avoice a different opinion Bfind fault with Lomborgs

35、 book Cchallenge the authority of the media Dpoint out the value of scientific views4What is the authors main purpose in writing the passage? ATo encourage the skeptics to have a critical eye. BTo warn the public of the danger of half?blindness with reviews. CTo blame the medias lack of responsibili

36、ty in presenting information. DTo show the importance of presenting overall information by the media.答案與解析1.B細節(jié)理解題。從第一段第三句“他們中的一些不承認人類活動對環(huán)境造成的嚴重危害”可知B項正確。2.A細節(jié)理解題。從第二段第一句“那或許能解釋這本書為什么這么受歡迎”及第三句“另一種解釋是一些特別的利益”可知A項正確。3.A主旨大意題。前文提到很多人對有關(guān)環(huán)境問題不好的消息質(zhì)疑，文章倒數(shù)第二段提到這種片面的觀點應(yīng)該立刻受到挑戰(zhàn)，然而在Nature上僅僅出現(xiàn)了為數(shù)不多的評論，故作者在此處

37、提到the review in Nature是為了發(fā)表不同的觀點。故選A項。4.D推理判斷題。本文是觀點類議論文，開頭部分提出了一種反面的觀點，然后對此提出批判，最后點明了本文的中心媒體應(yīng)該展現(xiàn)一些能讓公眾作出明智決定的信息。這也是作者的目的所在。故選D項。2012年高考英語閱讀理解訓練：廣告說明類(一)(2011課標全國)Wanted, Someone for a KissWere looking for producers to join us on the sound of London Kiss 100 FM. Youll work on the stations music prog

38、rammes. Music production experience in radio is necessary, along with rich knowledge of modern dance music. Please apply in writing to Producer Vacancies, Kiss 100.Father ChristmasWere looking for a very special person, preferably over 40, to fill our Father Christmas suit.Working days: Every Saturd

39、ay from November 24 to December 15 and every day from December 17 to December 24 except Sundays, 10301600.Excellent pay.Please contact (聯(lián)系) the Enterprise Shopping Centre, Station Parade, Eastbourne.Accountants AssistantWhen you join the team in our Revenue Administration Unit, you will be providing

40、 assistance within all parts of the Revenue Division, dealing with post and other general duties. If you are educated to GCSE grade C level we would like to talk to you. This position is equally suitable for a school leaver or for somebody who has office experience.Wealden District CouncilSoftware T

41、rainerIf you are aged 24?45 and have experience in teaching and training, you could be the person we are looking for. You should be good at the computer and have some experience in programme writing. You will be allowed to make your own decisions, and to design courses as well as present them. Pay u

42、pwards of 15,000 for the right person. Please apply by sending your CV (簡歷) to Mrs R. Oglivie, Palmlace Limited.1Who should you get in touch with if you hope to work in a radio station?AProducer Vacancies, Kiss 100.BMrs Oglivie, Palmlace Limited.CThe Enterprise Shopping Centre.DWealden District Coun

43、cil.2We learn from the ads that the Enterprise Shopping Centre needs a person who_.Ais aged between 24 and 40Bmay do some training workCshould deal with general dutiesDcan work for about a month3Which position is open to recent school graduates?AProducer, London Kiss.BFather Christmas.CAccountants A

44、ssistant.DSoftware Trainer.4What kind of person would probably apply to Palmlace Limited?AOne with GCSE grade C level.BOne with some office experience.COne having good computer knowledge.DOne trained in producing music programmes.答案與解析1.A細節(jié)理解題。第一則廣告招聘的是電臺音樂制作人，如果你希望在電臺工作，當然應(yīng)與Producer Vacancies，Kiss

45、100聯(lián)系。2.D細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二則廣告可知，the Enterprise Shopping Centre招聘的是圣誕老人，工作的時間是從 11月24日開始，持續(xù)到12月24日，在這大約一個月的時間內(nèi)，他都要在周六或者除了周日以外的其他時間工作。3.C細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三則廣告最后“This position is equally suitable for a school leaver”可知答案為C項。4.C細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一則廣告第二句中的“You should be good at the computer”可知答案為C項。(二)(2011江蘇高考)AttractionsDo y

46、ou：Love the National Park, value it and hope to safeguard its future?Wish to see the beautiful landscape of the Park protected?Like to enjoy peaceful, informal recreation within the Park?AimsThe Friends organization aims are to help protect and improve the Pembrokeshire Coast National Park for all t

47、o enjoy. We are a voluntary organization and registered charity without financial links to the National Park Authority.ActivitiesWe encourage everyone to enjoy the National Park through regular talks and visits to interesting places in the Park with expert guides.We keep an eye on planning applicati

48、ons， Park Authority policies and threats to the National Park such as massive leisure complexes. We work with like?minded organizations such as the Campaign for National Parks to make our voice more effective., We help children to understand the National Park by sponsoring publications such as an ad

49、venture booklet and projects in local schools.,Benefits,Guided visits to places of interest which may not always be available to the general public.,All members receive our regular News and Views.,Talks by experts in their fields on current issues.,A discount is available on Friends items for sale.,

50、Satisfaction of participation in work parties， for those willing and able to be involved.,If interested， please complete the Application Form at www. . uk.1. Which of the following is discouraged by the Friends organization? A. To build massive complexes for public amusement. B. To prevent possible

51、damages to the National Park. C. To help protect and improve the Park for all to enjoy. D. To sponsor publications and projects in local schools.2. One of the benefits for members of Friends is to _. A. have Friends goods free of charge B. visit any place not open to the public C. take part in work

52、parties if they want to D. give talks in their fields on current issues3The purpose of this poster is to invite more people to _. A. raise money for the Friends organization B. join the Friends organization and be members of it C. work as managers for Pembrokeshire National Park D. enjoy the landsca

53、pe of Pembrokeshire National Park答案與解析1A細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Activities這部分內(nèi)容的第二段第一句可知，為公眾娛樂大興土木是對國家公園的威脅，是該機構(gòu)要阻止的行為。2.C細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Benefits這部分內(nèi)容的第五條可知，該機構(gòu)成員享有的權(quán)益之一就是參加工作組。3.B推理判斷題。文章介紹了Friends這一機構(gòu)的亮點、目標、活動以及該機構(gòu)成員享有的權(quán)益等，顯然，作者的目的是想邀請更多的有志之士加入進來，成為其中的一員。(三)(2011天津高考)Homestay provides English language students with the

54、opportunity to speak English outside the classroom and the experience of being part of a British home.What to ExpectThe host will provide accommodation and meals.Rooms will be cleaned and bedcovers changed at least once a week.You will be given the house key and the host is there to offer help and a

55、dvice as well as to take an interest in your physical and mental health.Accommodation ZonesHomestays are located in London mainly in Zones 2, 3 and 4 of the transport system.Most hosts do not live in the town centre as much of central London is commercial and not residential(居住的) .Zones 3 and 4 ofte

56、n offer larger accommodation in a less crowded area.It is very convenient to travel in London by Underground.Meal Plans AvailableContinental BreakfastBreakfast and DinnerBreakfast, Packed Lunch and DinnerIts important to note that few English families still provide a traditional cooked breakfast.You

57、r accommodation includes Continental Breakfast which normally consists of fruit juice，cereal (谷物類食品), bread and tea or coffee.Cheese, fruit and cold meat are not normally part of a Continental Breakfast in England.Dinners usually consist of meat or fish with vegetables followed by dessert, fruit and

58、 coffee.FriendsIf you wish to invite a friend over to visit, you must first ask your hosts permission.You have no right to entertain friends in a family home as some families feel it is an invasion of their privacy.SelfCatering Accommodation in Private HomesAccommodation on a room?only basis include

59、s shared kitchen and bathroom facilities and often a main living room.This kind of accommodation offers an independent lifestyle and is more suitable for the long?stay student.However, it does not provide the same family atmosphere as an ordinary homestay and may not benefit those who need to practi

60、se English at home quite as much.1The passage is probably written for _. Ahosts willing to receive foreign students Bforeigners hoping to build British culture Ctravellers planning to visit families in London DEnglish learners applying to live in English homes2Which of the following will the host pr