句子成分與五大基本句型

1、英語(yǔ)句子成分和五大基本句型1句 子 成 分Members of a Sentence2一、重要性學(xué)會(huì)判斷句子成分對(duì)以后學(xué)習(xí)難句奠定了基礎(chǔ)。英語(yǔ)句子的構(gòu)成也有其特定的規(guī)律，掌握了句子的基本句型、常見句式和詞語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣搭配，就能寫出完整、正確的句子。3*句子成分由詞或詞組充當(dāng)英語(yǔ)的基本成分有七種：_和_主語(yǔ)（subject）、謂語(yǔ)（predicate）、表語(yǔ)（predicative）、賓語(yǔ)（object）、定語(yǔ)（attribute）、狀語(yǔ)(adverbial)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)（complement）。4主語(yǔ)-動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者或句子談?wù)摰膶?duì)象 underline the subjects of each senten

2、ce. Walls have ears. He likes football. Three plus four equals seven. To see is to believe. Smoking is harmful to our health. Whether they will come or not depends on the weather.名詞代詞數(shù)詞to do不定式doing動(dòng)名詞句子(主語(yǔ)從句)5謂語(yǔ)由_擔(dān)任。助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞加其他動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式也構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。 Tom loves Chinese culture. Action speaks louder than wor

3、ds. Our school is very beautiful. The chance may never come again. Mary has been working at the dress shop since 2008. 動(dòng)詞/動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)-說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)“干什么”“是什么”6（四）賓語(yǔ) 表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象，是動(dòng)作的承受者。賓語(yǔ)一般放在_之后。_詞后也會(huì)跟賓語(yǔ)。Father bought me a book. I love you. Do you mind opening the window? Give me four please. He wants to dream a nice

4、dream. We need know what others are doing. Chuck realized that he was wrong. 動(dòng)詞（短語(yǔ)）介詞名詞 n代詞 pron動(dòng)名詞代詞和數(shù)詞to do不定式句子 (賓語(yǔ)從句)7My father is a professor. Whos that? Its me. You are beautiful. The match became very exciting. Three times five is fifteen.To see is to believe. My advice was that you should go

5、 home first . 三）表語(yǔ) 它的位置在_之后。是用來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的_,_, _的.系動(dòng)詞、連系動(dòng)詞性質(zhì)特征狀態(tài)名詞 n代詞 pron形容詞 adjadj數(shù)詞to do不定式句子(表語(yǔ)從句)表語(yǔ)-表明主語(yǔ)“是什么”或“怎么樣”8（五）定語(yǔ) 是修飾_ 詞.單詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)通常放在名詞之_；短語(yǔ)和從句作定語(yǔ)時(shí)則放在它所修飾的名詞之_。They are woman workers. Toms father is a teacher. Mary is a beautiful girl. China is a developing country. I have nothing to eat. The

6、man who helps us is our new teacher.名/代前后 名詞名詞所有格形容詞 adj現(xiàn)在分詞 doingto do 不定式從句 (定語(yǔ)從句)9六）狀語(yǔ) 表示行為發(fā)生的地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、方式、伴隨情況等。 we have lessons in the classroom. I tell him this yesterday. Im late because of the heavy rain . We come here to learn English. The parents died in the earthquake , leaving th

7、e child alone. The students came into the classroom, singing and dancing. If he goes, so will I . Though he is a child, he knows a lot. 地點(diǎn) 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)原因 目的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)伴隨條件狀語(yǔ)讓步狀語(yǔ)10七）補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。英語(yǔ)有些句子，有了主謂賓之外，還要加上（主語(yǔ)）賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，才能使句子的意義完整。We call this computer. We try to make our country strong. We found it usefulI saw him goin

8、g upstairs. He was named Jack by his father. 主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)11主語(yǔ)-動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者或句子談?wù)摰膶?duì)象 謂語(yǔ)-說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)“干什么”“是什么”賓語(yǔ) 表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象，是動(dòng)作的承受者。一般放在動(dòng)詞/介詞之后 （動(dòng)賓/介賓）表語(yǔ)-表明主語(yǔ)“是什么”或“怎么樣”定語(yǔ)-用來(lái)修飾名詞多數(shù)有adj./n 充當(dāng)。 的狀語(yǔ) 表示行為發(fā)生的地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、方式、伴隨情況等。補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)-用來(lái)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明（主語(yǔ)）賓語(yǔ)是什么，怎么樣12劃分下列句子的成分 1) Father told me an funny story last night.2) Peter send me

9、a card through the computer3)That was a wonderful film.4)I find it hard to work out this problem.5)Lets make it a rule to read English everyday.6)He was named Jack by his father.7) You cant leave unless you finish your homework.13二.五種簡(jiǎn)單基本句型主+謂+賓主+謂+間賓+直賓主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞主+系+表主+謂141）I am a stude

10、nt. 主 系 表語(yǔ)2）The city will become rich. 主語(yǔ) 系動(dòng)詞 表語(yǔ)3) The food tastes nice4) The old house stay the same.5) He turned out to be a thief.1主 + 系+ 表15在這類結(jié)構(gòu)中最常用的系動(dòng)詞是： “變化”類：_ “感官”類: _. “持續(xù)”類：_. 其他：（似乎）_ _ (證明是)_get/ become/ turn/grow/gotaste/ smell/ feel/look/soundstay/ keep/remainSeem appear主語(yǔ)+turn out/ p

11、rove (to be)+adj./n 16Exercises你的故事聽起來(lái)很有趣。_把魚放在冰箱里，否則它會(huì)變壞的。_.這種雨天將會(huì)持續(xù)幾天。_.這個(gè)計(jì)劃證明是可行的。_Your story sounds very interesting.Put the fish into fridge, or they will go bad.The rainy day will remain/stay/ keep a few days.The plan turned out（to be) practical.172主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ)1）the sun rises. 主 謂2）The train leaves

12、 at 7:40. 主 謂_搭配：The teacher teaches well. The child walks very slowly._搭配： The girl looked at the picture. The children ran to the forest.動(dòng)詞副詞動(dòng)詞介詞18我每天起的很早，走到小花園，坐在凳子上。小鳥在樹上歡快的歌唱，魚兒在池塘 里自由的嬉戲，我玩得也高興. _.Every day I get up early, walk to the park and sit on the bench.The birds sings happily in the tr

13、ee, the fish plays freely in the pool and I also enjoys myself.193主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ) + 賓語(yǔ)1）Tom loves Chinese culture. 主 謂 賓 2) My brother sells computer.3）Few students like taking exams.4）He forgot to close the door.5）I hope I can speak English fluently. 20他昨天買了五本書。_他拿出一支筆，然后遞給我。_.他許諾給我一個(gè)禮物。_.He bought five bo

14、oks yesterday.He took out a pen and handed it to me.He promised to give me a gift.214主 + 謂 + 間賓(人) + 直賓（物）1）He has given us some advice. 主 謂 間賓 直賓2）Mother cooked us a nice meal. 主 謂 間賓 直 賓 3）The boy told the girl that he was right. 4) Tony sent me an e-mail.可接雙賓語(yǔ)的常見動(dòng)詞有：ask, answer, give, offer, send

15、, bring, pass, tell, show, teach, promise give sb. sth. =give sth to sb. 22順便問(wèn)一下，她把錢付給你了嗎？_.父親給我講了歌有趣的故事。_.Mr. White告訴我為什么他要出國(guó)。_.遞給我字典By the way, has she paid you money?Father told me an interesting story.Mr. White told me why he went abroad.Pass me the dictionary, please.235主 + 謂 + 賓 + 賓補(bǔ)1）I find English difficult to learn. 主 謂 賓 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 2）The teacher keep him in the classroom. 3）We found him an honest guy.4）She let me stay in the company