專題02-名詞和主謂一致-2022年高考英語備考系列

1、優(yōu)點(diǎn)英語專題02名詞和主謂一致考點(diǎn)1 名詞的數(shù)一、 名詞的種類專有名詞普通名詞國名地名人名，團(tuán)體機(jī)構(gòu)名稱可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞個(gè)體名詞集體名詞抽象名詞物質(zhì)名詞二、 名詞的數(shù)1. 可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)(1)規(guī)則變化情況方法例詞一般情況加sstudents，teachers，doc tors，tables以s，x，ch，sh結(jié)尾加esglasses，dishes，boxes，watches但stomach復(fù)數(shù)形式直接加s，即stomachs以輔音字母y結(jié)尾變y為i再加esfamilies，babies，armies，bodies以元音字母y結(jié)尾加sboys，toys，pianos，photos以f或fe結(jié)尾

2、大都變f或fe為v，再加esthieves，wives，knives，shelves，lives少數(shù)加sbeliefs，proofs，roofs，chiefs以o結(jié)尾通常加sradios，videos，zoos，tobaccos有的加esheroes，potatoes，tomatoes【名師點(diǎn)睛】以-o結(jié)尾的下列名詞要加es，它們是黑人英雄在回聲中吃土豆、西紅柿，即Negroes，heroes，echoes，potatoes，tomatoes。但下列以-o結(jié)尾的名詞既可以加-es，也可以加-s，它們是：zeros(zeroes)零，mosquitos (mosquitoes)蚊子，volcan

3、os(volcanoes)火山。以-f或-fe結(jié)尾的下列名詞需要把f或fe去掉，再加-ves，它們是為了自己活命，小偷和他的妻子手里拿著刀子和樹葉站在架子上，把狼劈成兩半，即selves，lives，thieves，wives，knives，leaves，shelves，wolves，halves。但下列以-f結(jié)尾的名詞既可以去掉f加-ves，也可以直接加-s，如：handkerchiefs (handkerchieves) 手帕。名詞前有man或woman修飾，變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，作定語的man 或woman和后面的名詞都要變成復(fù)數(shù)。如：woman doctorwomen doctors(2)不規(guī)則變

4、化自身有特殊變化的名詞child孩子childrenman男人mentooth牙teethfoot腳，英尺feetmouse老鼠micephenomenon現(xiàn)象phenomenamedium傳播媒介media常見單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞：Chinese 中國人；sheep 綿羊；deer鹿；series 系列；means 方式；works 工廠；fish 魚；fruit 水果等。其中fish，fruit表示種類時(shí)，可加復(fù)數(shù)詞尾，即fishes，fruits。 Some deer are eating grass at the bottom of the hill. Every possible mea

5、ns has been tried, but none has worked. 合成名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式：son-in-law sons-in-lawpasser-by passers-bystory-teller story-tellers【名師點(diǎn)睛】名詞+名詞時(shí)，僅將后面的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)：girl student girl students 但是man/woman+名詞時(shí)，前后都要變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)：woman singer women singers2. 不可數(shù)名詞(1)通常只用作不可數(shù)名詞的名詞：advice建議， furniture家具， fun樂趣；information信息，news新聞， weat

6、her天氣， progress進(jìn)步，wealth財(cái)富，value價(jià)值等。(2)不可數(shù)名詞具體化具有某種特性、狀態(tài)、情感的抽象名詞在表示具體的概念時(shí)，可以與不定冠詞連用，?？嫉挠校簡卧~抽象名詞意義具體化名詞意義success 成功成功的人或事pleasure樂趣令人高興的事beauty美；美麗美麗的人或事物comfort安慰；慰藉令人感到安慰的人或事物danger危險(xiǎn)危險(xiǎn)的人或因素delight高興令人高興的事 failure失敗失敗的人或事物surprise驚奇令人驚奇的事情 shock震驚令人震驚的事情pride驕傲令人驕傲的事情Your contribution will certainl

7、y make the event a huge success.你的貢獻(xiàn)一定會使這個(gè)事件很成功。物質(zhì)名詞具體化drink飲料two drinks 兩杯飲料coffee咖啡a coffee一杯咖啡chalk 粉筆a chalk 一支粉筆hair 頭發(fā)a hair 一根頭發(fā)抽象名詞與a(an)連用，淡化了抽象概念，轉(zhuǎn)化為似乎可以體驗(yàn)到的動(dòng)作、行為或類別。例如：Being able to afford a drink would be a comfort in those tough times. 在那些艱難的時(shí)期，能夠買得起一杯酒會是一件欣慰的事。（3）“of+抽象名詞”相當(dāng)于形容詞。能用在此結(jié)構(gòu)

8、中的抽象名詞有importance, value, use, significance, help 等。Its of no practical use to me.這對我沒什么實(shí)際用途。The work I am doing is not of much value.我做的工作沒有多大價(jià)值。3. 表示數(shù)量的詞(組)與名詞的搭配修飾可數(shù)的量詞： a number of, the number of, many, a great/good many few , a few, several 修飾不可數(shù)的量詞： a large amount of , huge amounts of, a great

9、 deal of, much, too much little, a little 兩個(gè)皆可修飾的量詞：some, a lot of, lots of, plenty of , quantity of考點(diǎn)2 名詞的格1. -s所有格用and連接的并列名詞的所有格要分兩種情況，即表示各自的所有關(guān)系時(shí)，要分別在并列名詞后加-s 或；表示共同的所有關(guān)系時(shí)，只在最后一個(gè)名詞后加-s或。Toms and Jims rooms.湯姆和吉姆(各自)的房間。Tom and Jims room.湯姆和吉姆(共同)的房間。表示店鋪、辦公室或某人的家時(shí)，名詞所有格后被修飾的名詞一般省略。at the barbers

10、在理發(fā)店at the teachers在老師辦公室2. of所有格表示無生命的事物的名詞通常用of所有格表示所有關(guān)系；名詞短語或有定語修飾的有生命的名詞也常用of所有格。the content of the novel小說的內(nèi)容the name of the girl over there那邊那位女孩的名字3. 雙重所有格指名詞of名詞所有格或名詞of名詞性物主代詞。a play of Shakespeares(莎士比亞的一個(gè)戲劇)a friend of mine(我的一個(gè)朋友)考點(diǎn)3 名詞作定語1. 直接作定語, 通常用單數(shù)形式。college students大學(xué)生 girl friend

11、女友 vegetable garden菜園 basketball match籃球賽Lets stop by the book store on the way home.回家的路上，我們的書店停一下吧！He bought the shoes in that shoe shop. 這雙鞋他是在那個(gè)鞋店買的。2. 名詞所有格作定語。students books學(xué)生用書 Chinas capital中國的首都 the worlds population世界人口3. man，woman，gentleman作定語man，woman，gentleman作定語時(shí)可以用單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式，但必須隨所修飾名詞的

12、數(shù)而定。He said that two women doctors would come to our village the next day. 他說明天有兩個(gè)女醫(yī)生到我們村子來。There are many men teachers in our school. 我們學(xué)校有很多男教師。4. 某些常用復(fù)數(shù)的名詞用作定語某些常用復(fù)數(shù)的名詞，當(dāng)它們用作定語時(shí)，也須用復(fù)數(shù)形式。arms production 武器生產(chǎn) clothes shop服裝商店sales department營業(yè)部 a goods train貨車 savings bank 儲蓄所 foreign languages dep

13、artment外語系5. 單位名稱、報(bào)紙、廣播、電視等的標(biāo)題中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)復(fù)數(shù)名詞作定語。Learning Skills center學(xué)習(xí)技巧交流中心 The Boys Club 男孩俱樂部6. 表示類別時(shí)名詞直接作定語還是用所有格作定語一定要嚴(yán)格遵守習(xí)慣。a peasant family/boy(peasant習(xí)慣直接作定語) a workers family(worker習(xí)慣用所有格作定語)7. 兩種定語有時(shí)并存但意義不一樣。women drivers女司機(jī) the womans driver這位婦女的司機(jī)girl friend女朋友 the girls friend 這女孩的朋友mother

14、 tongue母語 mothers tongue母親的舌頭8. 名詞與其同根形容詞都可以作定語，但意思上往往有差別：用名詞作定語時(shí)，表示被修飾的名詞的質(zhì)地 或性質(zhì)；用名詞的同根形容詞作定語，則說明被修飾的名詞的特征。gold watch 金表 (指手表是含金的) golden watch 金色的表 (指表是金色的，但不一定含金)考點(diǎn)4 主謂一致高考主謂一致的知識結(jié)構(gòu)一致原則考點(diǎn)詳解例句語法一致1. 以單數(shù)名詞或代詞、動(dòng)詞不定式短語、動(dòng)名詞短語或從句作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式；主語為復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。His father is working on the farm.To stu

15、dy English well is not easy.What he said is very important for us all.The children were in the classroom two hours ago. Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.2. 由連接詞and或both and連接起來的合成主語后面，要用復(fù)數(shù)形式的謂語動(dòng)詞。Lucy and Lily are twins. She and I are classmates.The boy and the girl were surprised when they h

16、eard the news. Both she and he are Young Pioneers.3. 主語為單數(shù)名詞或代詞，盡管后面跟有with，together with，except，but，like，as well as，rather than，more than，no less than， besides，including等引起的短語，謂語動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)形式；若主語為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Mr. Green，together with his wife and children，has come to China. Nobody but Jim and Mike was on th

17、e playground.She，like you and Tom，is very tall. 4. either，neither，each，every 或no +單數(shù)名詞和由some，any，no，every構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞，都作單數(shù)看待。Each of us has a new book.Everything around us is matter.5. 在定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞that，who， which等作主語時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。He is one of my friends who are working hard. He is the only one of

18、 my friends who is working hard. 6. 如果集體名詞指的是整個(gè)集體，它的謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；如果它指集體的成員，其謂語動(dòng)詞就用復(fù)數(shù)形式。這些詞有family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience等。Class Four is on the third floor. Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.注：people，police，cattle等名詞一般都用作復(fù)數(shù)。如：The police are looking for the lost child.7.

19、 由“a lot of，lots of，plenty of，the rest of，the majority of +名詞”構(gòu)成的短語以及由“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語作主語，其謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要根據(jù)短語中后面名詞的數(shù)而定。There are a lot of people in the classroom. The rest of the lecture is wonderful. 50% of the students in our class are girls.注：a number of 與the number of的區(qū)別8. 在倒裝句中，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語一致。There c

20、omes the bus. On the wall are many pictures. Such is the result. Such are the facts.邏輯一致1. what， who， which， any， more， all等代詞可以是單數(shù)，也可是復(fù)數(shù)，主要靠意思來決定。Which is your bag？Which are your bags？All is going well. All have gone to Beijing.2. 表示“時(shí)間、重量、長度、價(jià)值”等的名詞的復(fù)數(shù)作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式，這是由于作主語的名詞在概念上是一個(gè)整體。Thirty mi

21、nutes is enough for the work.Ten miles is too long.3. 若主語是書名、片名、格言、劇名、報(bào)名、國名等的復(fù)數(shù)形式，其謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式?！癟he Arabian Nights” is an interesting story-book.4. 表數(shù)量的短語“one and a half”后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)形式。One and a half apples is left on the table.一致原則考點(diǎn)詳解例句邏輯一致5. 算式中表示數(shù)目（字）的主語通常作單數(shù)看待，其謂語動(dòng)詞采用單數(shù)形式。Twelve plus ei

22、ght is twenty.Fifty-six divided by eight is seven.6. 一些學(xué)科名詞是以 ics 結(jié)尾，如：mathematics，politics，physics 以及news， works等，都屬于形式上是復(fù)數(shù)的名詞，實(shí)際意義為單數(shù)名詞，它們作主語時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。The paper works was built in 1990.I think physics isnt easy to study. 7. trousers， glasses， clothes， shoes，jeans 等詞作主語時(shí)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)，但如果這些名詞前有a（the） p

23、air of等量詞修飾時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。My glasses are broken. The pair of shoes under the bed is his.8. “定冠詞the + 形容詞或分詞”，表示某一類人時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。The old are taken good care of.9. a (large) quantity of 修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞, 作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。A large quantity of people is needed here.注意：quantities一般用復(fù)數(shù)。Quantities of food (nuts) were on the ta

24、ble.10. a great deal of, a large amount of 修飾不可數(shù)名詞, 作主語時(shí), 謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù); large amounts of 修飾不可數(shù)名詞, 作主語時(shí), 謂語動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)。A large amount of (A great deal of) damage was done in a very short time.Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge.就近一致1. 當(dāng)兩個(gè)主語由either or， neither nor，whether or ，not only but also連接時(shí)

25、，謂語動(dòng)詞和鄰近的主語一致。Either the teacher or the students are our friends.Neither they nor he is wholly right. 2. there be句型的be動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)取決于其后的主語。如果其后是由and連接的兩個(gè)主語，則應(yīng)與靠近的那個(gè)主語保持一致。There are two chairs and a desk in the room.Here引導(dǎo)的句子用法同上。如：Here is a map and a handbook for you.一、語法一致語法一致：就是謂語動(dòng)詞和主語在單、復(fù)數(shù)形式上保持一致。單數(shù)n.，不

26、可數(shù)n.,不定式，動(dòng)名詞或從句作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。主語為復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。His father is working on the farm. Time is money. To finish all the work on time is impossible. Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.The children are in the classroom 2 hours ago.由what引導(dǎo)的主語從句，后面的謂語動(dòng)詞多用單數(shù)但如果表語是復(fù)數(shù)或what從句是一個(gè)帶有復(fù)數(shù)意義的 并列結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。What I boug

27、ht were 3 English books. What I say and do are helpful to you.由and 或both.and 連接起來的合成主語后面謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。Lucy and Lily are twins. She and I are friends. Both she and he are Young Pioneers.如果and所連接的兩個(gè)詞是指同一個(gè)人或物時(shí)，它后面的謂語動(dòng)詞就用單數(shù)。 The writer and artist has come.由and 連接的并列單數(shù)主語前分別有each, every, no more than a(an), man

28、y a(an)修飾時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Every student and every teacher was in the room. No boy and no girl likes it. 主語后面有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, more than, no less than, besides, including等引起的短語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由主語的單復(fù)數(shù)決定。 Mr Green, together with his wife and children, has come to Chin

29、a. Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground. She, like you and Tom, is very tall. either, neither, each, every或no+單數(shù)neither/neither/none of 復(fù)數(shù)名詞，還有some, any, no, every 構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Each of us has a new book. Everything around us is matter.Neither of the texts is interesting. None of us

30、has been to South Africa.定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞that, which, who 作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)和先行詞一致。He is one of my students who are working hard. He is the only one of my friends who is working hard. 集體名詞family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience等，指整體時(shí)，用單數(shù)；指集體的成員時(shí)，用復(fù)數(shù)。 His family is a happy one.The whole family are w

31、atching TV.The population of China is 1400 million.(人口)One third of the population here are workers.(人)people, cattle, police作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。由a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of 名詞，或者是分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)名詞構(gòu)成的短語作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)由名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)決定。 The rest of the lecture is wonderful. A lot of time is wasted.

32、 A lot of people take part in the meeting. 2/3 water is drunk by him. 2/3 students are absent.倒裝句中，謂語v.的數(shù)與其后的主語一致。On the wall are many pictures. Such is the result. Such are the facts.二、意義一致原則表示時(shí)間、度量、長度、價(jià)值等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語，因?yàn)槠湓诟拍钌鲜且粋€(gè)整體，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Twenty minutes is enough for the work. One hundred dollars is st

33、olen from the ATM.如果是書名，片名，格言，劇名，報(bào)名，國名等的復(fù)數(shù)形式作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。The Arabian Nights is an interesting story book.one and a half 復(fù)數(shù)n.，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。One and a half apples is left on the table.算是中表示數(shù)目通常用單數(shù)（加減乘除）表示學(xué)科的以ics結(jié)尾的名詞作主語，用單數(shù)。Physics is an important subject in middle schools. Mathematics is the study of number

34、s. Politics, economics, athletics等。復(fù)數(shù)形式的單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞作主語，意義一致。 The glass works was built up in 1980. These glass works are near the railway station.由兩部分組成的名詞，trousers, glasses, shorts, scissors等作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。a pair of 等量詞時(shí)，視情況而定。The adj. 表示一類人，作主語時(shí)用復(fù)數(shù)。The young are usually very active. The old are lonely.

35、三、就近一致原則就近一致：在英語句子中，有時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)與最近的主語保持一致。1. 當(dāng)兩個(gè)主語由either or， neither nor，whether or ，not only but also連接時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞和鄰 近的主語一致。Neither his parents nor I am able to persuade him to change his mind. 他的父母和我都不能說服他改變注意。2. there be句型的be動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)取決于其后的主語。如果其后是由and連接的兩個(gè)主語，則應(yīng)與靠近的那個(gè) 主語保持一致。There aretwopens，abookandthre

36、epencilsonthedesk. 書桌上有兩支鋼筆，一本書和三支鉛筆。Thereis abook，twopensandthreepencilsonthedesk. 書桌上有一本書，兩支鋼筆和三支鉛筆。3. 在倒裝句中，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語一致。Here is a map and a handbook for you. 這是一張你的地圖和一本手冊。Such are the facts. 事實(shí)就是如此。4. 就遠(yuǎn)原則：謂語動(dòng)詞與前面主語一致。主語后面接連接性短語時(shí)，這種結(jié)構(gòu)并不影響主語和謂語的關(guān)系，即謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與主語的數(shù)保持一致。此類連接性短語有aswellas，asmuchas，al

37、ongwith，with，like，ratherthan，togetherwith，but，except，besides，including，inadditionto等。Yoursisteraswellasyourparentsisverykindtome你姐姐和你父母一樣，對我很好。She，likeyouandbetty，isveryclever像你和betty一樣，她也很聰明。四、 名詞+介詞短語作主語 名詞或代詞后接as well as，with，along with，together with，except，but等短語作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的形式應(yīng)和介詞短語前的名詞或代詞的人稱和數(shù)保持一

38、致。 She as well as other students likes playing computer games. 她和其他學(xué)生都喜歡玩電腦游戲。 He with his parents is working in the fields. 他正和他的父母在地里干活。 Nobody but you and me knows it. 除了你和我，沒人知道。五、不定代詞作主語1. 當(dāng)作主語的名詞前有each，neither，either，every修飾或each，neither，either作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 Each student has a book. 每一個(gè)學(xué)生都有一本書。

39、 Either answer is correct. 兩個(gè)答案都是正確的。 Neither parent is with him. 他的父母都沒有和他在一起。 Every minute is important to us. 每一分鐘對大家都很重要。2. 當(dāng)復(fù)合不定代詞someone，anyone，somebody，anybody，nobody，everybody，something，anything，nothing，everything等作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 Somebody is waiting for you outside. 有人在外面等你。 Is everybody here

40、today? 今天大家都到了嗎? Something is wrong with my watch. 我的手表出故障了。 Nobody was away yesterday. 昨天沒有人離開。六、特殊名詞作主語1. 國名、人名、書名、報(bào)刊名、組織機(jī)構(gòu)等專有名詞作主語時(shí)，即使其形式上是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞也要用單數(shù)。 The United States lies to the east of China. 美國在中國的東方。(國名) Engels was good at learning foreign languages. 恩格斯擅長學(xué)外語。(人名)2. the+形容詞作主語時(shí)，表示某類人，謂語動(dòng)詞

41、用復(fù)數(shù)。 The sick are taken good care of. 病人得到很好的照顧。 The old are supposed to be spoken to politely. 跟老人講話要有禮貌。3. 以-s結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名詞，如maths，physics，politics等和以-s結(jié)尾的抽象名詞，如news，plastics等作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)。 Physics is very difficult for me to learn. 物理對我來講很難學(xué)。 The news was very exciting. 這條新聞十分激動(dòng)人心。4. 單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同的名詞，如Chines

42、e，Japanese，sheep，deer等作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由名詞前的修飾語來確定。 A Chinese wants to see you. 一個(gè)中國人想見你。 Ten sheep are eating grass there. 那邊有10只綿羊在吃草?！咀⒁狻緾hinese，Japanese，English等前加the表示一國人，作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。The Chinese speak Chinese. 中國人說漢語。七、表數(shù)量概念的詞或短語作主語1. 表示時(shí)間、金錢、距離、重量等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，通常看作一個(gè)整體，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 Ten years has passed

43、quickly. 10年很快就過去了。 Ten dollars is enough. 10美元就夠了。 100 kilometers is a long way. 100千米是一段很長的路。2. 加減乘除運(yùn)算中的謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，其中加法與乘法也可用復(fù)數(shù)。 Two and two is/are four. 2加2等于4。 Six times one is/are six. 6乘以1等于6。3. many a/more than one+單數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 There is more than one answer. 有不止一個(gè)答案。 Many a student has pass

44、ed the exam. 許多學(xué)生通過了考試。4. one and a half+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語用單數(shù)。 One and a half days is all I can spare. 一天半是我所能支配的全部時(shí)間。 One and a half pears is left on the plate. 一個(gè)半梨被留在盤子里。5. the rest of. 短語作主語時(shí)，如果of后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)；如果of后接不可數(shù)名詞，謂語用單數(shù)。 The rest of the bikes are on sale. 余下的自行車降價(jià)出售。 The rest of the bread is go

45、ne. 剩余的面包不見了。6. none of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞既可以用單數(shù)也可以用復(fù)數(shù)。 None of the dogs was/were there. 那兒沒有狗。7. a number of+名詞復(fù)數(shù)表示許多/大量的，其后的謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；the number of+名詞復(fù)數(shù)表示的數(shù)量，其中心詞為number，故謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 A number of farmers are standing over there. 許多農(nóng)民站在那邊。The number of the students in this school has reached over 2，000. 這所學(xué)校的

46、學(xué)生數(shù)量已達(dá)到2 000多人。8. a lot of/lots of/plenty of+名詞作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞由of后的名詞來確定。如果of后是不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；如果of后是復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 A lot of time is needed. 需要大量的時(shí)間。Plenty of workers are working. 許多工人在工作。八、動(dòng)名詞、不定式和從句作主語動(dòng)名詞、不定式或從句作主語時(shí)，謂語一般用單數(shù)。 Doing morning exercises is good for your body. 做早操對你的身體有益。 To play with fire near a

47、 gas station is very dangerous. 在加油站附近玩火很危險(xiǎn)。 What he said at the meeting is very important. 他在會上的發(fā)言很重要。難點(diǎn)剖析 一、名詞類別間的互換個(gè)體名詞與抽象名詞的相互轉(zhuǎn)換例句意義名詞性質(zhì)She held someflowersin her hand.The trees are now inflower花兒個(gè)體名詞開花抽象名詞Youthis beautiful.He is ayouthof twenty青春抽象名詞年輕人個(gè)體名詞They have achieved remarkablesuccessin

48、 their work.How about the Christmas evening party?I should say it was a success.成功抽象名詞成功的事個(gè)體名詞物質(zhì)名詞與個(gè)體名詞的相互轉(zhuǎn)換例句意義名詞性質(zhì)Ironis a kind of metal.Please lend me youriron.鐵物質(zhì)名詞熨斗個(gè)體名詞He broke a piece ofglass.He broke aglass.玻璃物質(zhì)名詞玻璃杯個(gè)體名詞I bought a chicken this morningPlease help yourself to somechicken小雞個(gè)體名詞

49、雞肉物質(zhì)名詞抽象名詞與個(gè)體名詞的轉(zhuǎn)換具有動(dòng)作意義的抽象名詞加用與某些動(dòng)詞（如：have等）連用，表示某一次短暫的動(dòng)作Id like _ information about the management of your hotel, please.Well, you could have _ word with the manager. He might be helpfulA. some；aB.an；some C. some；some D.an；aThey sent usword of the latest happenings.消息（抽象名詞）A. aB.anC./D. theCould w

50、e haveword before you go to the meeting?（個(gè)體名詞）A. aB.anC./D.the類例：have a dream/a rest/a smoke/a swim/a trip/a wash/a discussion/a looktake a walk/a bath make an advance(進(jìn)步)/make an early start(早點(diǎn)出發(fā))/make a decision/make a change/give a cry of pain(發(fā)出痛苦的叫聲) /give a try表示知識和時(shí)間的抽象名詞轉(zhuǎn)換為普通名詞時(shí)可以用來表示其中的一部分M

51、any people agree that _ knowledge of English is a must in _ international trade today.A. a；/B. the；an C. the；the D. /；thea knowledge of truth(知道實(shí)際情況)give a fuller knowledge of China(提供關(guān)于中國更為翔實(shí)的知識)have a knowledge of shorthand(有速記的知識)If there were no examination, we should have _ at school.A. the hap

52、piest timeB. a more happier timeC. much happiest timeD. a much happier timeis money.A. The timeB. A timeC. TimeD. Times抽象名詞轉(zhuǎn)換為普通名詞可用來表示“一次、一陣、一種”具體的行為、事件、現(xiàn)象或結(jié)果。這時(shí)名詞前往往有形容詞修飾Oh, John. _you gave me!A. How a pleasant surprise B. How pleasant surpriseC. What a pleasant surpriseD. What pleasant surpriseS

53、he looked upwhen I shouted.A.in a surpriseB.in the surpriseC.in surpriseD.in some surprise其他例子：The gift came as a complete surprise to me. We have had some unpleasant surpriseIt is _ work of art that everyone wants to have a look at it.A. so unusualB. such unusualC. such an unusualD. so an unusual二、 主謂一致的其他情況其他情況例句and連接并列主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞常常使用復(fù)數(shù)；但是and連接的并列主語指同一人、同一物時(shí)，謂語使用單數(shù)。The writer an