shakespeare(sonnet)英國文學(xué)十四行詩課件

1、William Shakespeare 威廉.莎士比亞 1A第1頁，共28頁。Who is Shakespeare?2A第2頁，共28頁。艾汶河上斯特拉斯福：莎翁故居及塑像3A第3頁，共28頁。莎翁部分作品：Some Works4A第4頁，共28頁。PoemsPoems: I narrative: ballad, epic II dramatic: dramatic monologueIII lyric (dealing with emotions, feelings): sonnet, ode, pastoral , elegy5A第5頁，共28頁。A sonnet isa lyric po

2、emconsisting of fourteen lineswritten in iambic pentameterwith a definite rime schemeand a definite thought structure6A第6頁，共28頁。End RhymeRhyme (rime): the correspondence of two or more words with similar-sounding final syllables placed so as to echo one another. masculine rhyme, in which two words e

3、nd with the same vowel consonant combination. wife lifefeminine rhyme (sometimes called double rhyme), in which two syllables rhyme Borrow sorrow7A第7頁，共28頁。Pararyhme (near rhyme）occurs when the two words are similar only in having identical final consonants (best / least).Eye rhyme syllables are ide

4、ntical in spelling but are pronounced differently (cough / plough) 8A第8頁，共28頁。Iambic pentameter consists offive measures, units, or meters, ofiambsmeter9A第9頁，共28頁。An iamb is a metrical foot consisting of an unaccented syllable Ufollowed by an accented syllable / (i.e. A “soft” beat followed by a “l(fā)o

5、ud” beat). U / a gain U / U / im mor tal ize10A第10頁，共28頁。Iambic pentameter U / U / U / U / U /One day I wrote her name u pon the strand, U / U / U / U / U /But came the waves and wash ed it a way: U / U / U / U / U /A gain I wrote it with a sec ond hand, U / U / U / U / U /But came the tide, and mad

6、e my pains his preyEdmund Spenser, Amoretti, Sonnet 75 1 2 3 4 511A第11頁，共28頁。Rime schemePetrarchan (Italian) rime scheme: abba, abba, cd, cd, cd abba, abba, cde, cdeThe Shakespearean (English, or Elizabethan) sonnet is also called the English sonnet, with three four-line stanzas (quatrains) and a tw

7、o-line unit called a couplet (對子). The rhyme scheme is as follows: First stanza (quatrain): ABAB; Second stanza (quatrain): CDCD; Third stanza (quatrain): EFEF; Couplet: GG. 12A第12頁，共28頁。Early Modern English GrammarOE 4491150 ME 1150- 1500 EME 1500-1700 ME 1700-Grammar: Thee you as an object Thou( p

8、l. ye) you as a subject thou art Thy ( thine) your possessive form of thou happiness eyes thine yours the possessive pronoun Verbs after second person subject should end with (e)st thou would(e)st thou hast thou wast thou didst thou singest thou growestAfter third person in present tense: (e) th hat

9、h Omitting of syllables13A第13頁，共28頁。Shakespeares sonnetsWilliam Shakespeare wrote 154 sonnets. the first 126 Shakespearean sonnetsto a handsome young manThe latter Shakespearean sonnets are addressed to a dark lady of ill repute 14A第14頁，共28頁。Reading Structure to ThemeStructure: the form of a work.Th

10、eme: the subject of a work.A good use of structure in a small literary form like a sonnet can enhance or emphasize the progress of the theme.When reading Shakespeare s sonnets, relate structure to theme. Shakespeare builds on or varies his theme his main concern from quatrain to quatrain, using the

11、couplet to deliver a dramatic concluding statement. 15A第15頁，共28頁。Rhyme Scheme of Sonnet 18Quatrain 1 A Shall I compare thee to a summers DAY? B Thou art more lovely and more temperATE: A Rough winds do shake the darling buds of MAY, B And summers lease hath all too short a DATE:Quatrain 2C Sometime

12、too hot the eye of heaven SHINES,. D And often is his gold complexion DIMMD;. C And every fair from fair sometime deCLINES, D By chance or natures changing course unTRIMMD;. Quatrain 3 E But thy eternal summer shall not FADE,F Nor lose possession of that fair thou OWEST;. E Nor shall Death brag thou

13、 wanderst in his SHADE, F When in eternal lines to time thou GROWEST:.CoupletG So long as men can breathe or eyes can SEE, G So long lives this and this gives life to THEE. 16A第16頁，共28頁。Quatrain 1: Extravagant praise compares a summer day as less lovely and constant as the beloved. Shall I compare t

14、hee to a summers day?Thou art more lovely and more temperate:Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,And summers lease hath all too short a date:能不能讓我來把你比作夏日？你可是更加可愛，更加溫婉；狂風(fēng)會吹落五月里開的好花兒，夏季租出的日子又未免太短暫： 17A第17頁，共28頁。Paraphrasing:Quatrain 1: Shall I compare you to a day in summer that is very beaut

15、iful here in England? Yet this comparison is not sufficient, because you are more beautiful and less extreme than the summer. The winds of summer are rough on the budding life, and the duration of summer usually does not last very long. 18A第18頁，共28頁。Quatrain 2: The sun is sometimes too hot in summer

16、 or occasionally shaded. Every beautiful thing becomes less beautiful through chance or time. Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines, And often is his gold complexion dimmed, And every fair from fair sometime declines, By chance, or natures changing course, untrimmed: 有時候蒼天的巨眼照得太灼熱， 他那金彩的臉色也會被遮暗；

17、 每一樣美呀，總會離開美而凋落， 被時機(jī)或者自然的代謝所摧殘；19A第19頁，共28頁。Quatrain 2:Sometimes the sun of summer is too hot, and at other times the summer suns golden face will be dimmed by clouds. Every fair in nature becomes less and less with time passing by. The chance accidents, good or ill, or the changing process of natur

18、e will strip of its beauty.In this octave, Shakespeare makes a comparison between summer and the beloved young man. It mainly talks about the beauty in nature. He gives comment upon the imperfectness of the summer and comes to the conclusion that the fair in nature is not stable.20A第20頁，共28頁。Sonnet

19、18Quatrain 3: Transition in the sestet to counter that the beloveds beauty will not fade or die because of the poem.But thy eternal summer shall not fade,Nor lose possession of that fair thou owst,Nor shall death brag thou wanderst in his shade,When in eternal lines to time thou growst, 但是你永久的夏天決不會凋

20、枯， 你永遠(yuǎn)不會失去你美的形相； 死神夸不著你在他影子里躑躅， 你將在不朽的詩中與時間同長；21A第21頁，共28頁。Quatrain 3:However, your beauty, which will be eternalized in my poetry, will not become less or come to an end, as the fair in nature does. You will never lose the ownership of your fair. Even death could not boast that you are walking thro

21、ugh the valley of the shadow of him. Even though you grow as time passes by, death will not claim you, because my eternal poetry will make you immortal.22A第22頁，共28頁。Sonnet 18Couplet: The poem will be read as long as man lives and the beloved will live on.So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,S

22、o long lives this, and this gives life to thee. 只要人類在呼吸，眼睛看得見， 我這詩就活著，使你的生命綿延。 23A第23頁，共28頁。Couplet:So long as men can breathe and their eyes can see, my poetry will live on, and my poetry will give life to you and your beauty as well. In the sestet, Shakespeare makes a transition, as he often does in composing a sonnet. It talks about that his eternal poem will make the beloved young mans beauty last forever.24A第24頁，共28頁。Literary Devices in Sonnet 18rhetorical questioning: the first line, used to create a tone of respect, and to engage the au