專八翻譯真題

1、The translation section in Band 8 Exam for English majors（一）題型本題為兩項(xiàng)：Section A及Section B。考試時(shí)間共計(jì)60分鐘。Section A：A項(xiàng)由一段300詞左右的漢語短文所組成，其中有一段150詞左右的段落被底線劃出。要求根據(jù)上下文將此段譯成英語。Section B：B項(xiàng)由一段300詞左右的短文所組成，其中有一段150詞左右的段落被底線劃出。要求根據(jù)上下文將此段譯成漢語。（二）測試要求漢譯英項(xiàng)目要求應(yīng)試者運(yùn)用漢譯英的理論與技巧，翻譯我國報(bào)刊雜志上的論述文和國情介紹，以及一般文學(xué)作品的節(jié)錄。速度為每小時(shí)約250漢字。

2、譯文必須忠實(shí)原意，語言通順。英譯漢項(xiàng)目要求應(yīng)試者運(yùn)用英譯漢的理論與技巧，翻譯英、美報(bào)刊雜志上的有關(guān)政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、歷史、文化等方面的論述以及文學(xué)原著的節(jié)錄。速度為每小時(shí)約250詞。譯文要求忠實(shí)原意，語言流暢。（三）歷年真題2004在人際關(guān)系問題上我們不要太浪漫主義。人是很有趣的，往往在接觸一個(gè)人時(shí)首先看到的都是他或她的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。這一點(diǎn)頗像是在餐館里用餐的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。開始吃頭盤或冷碟的時(shí)候，印象很好。吃頭兩個(gè)主菜時(shí)，也是贊不絕口。愈吃愈趨于冷靜，吃完了這頓筵席，缺點(diǎn)就都找出來了。于是轉(zhuǎn)喜為怒，轉(zhuǎn)贊美為責(zé)備挑剔，轉(zhuǎn)首肯為搖頭。這是因?yàn)椋谝?，開始吃的時(shí)候你正處于饑餓狀態(tài)，而餓了吃糠甜加蜜，飽了吃蜜也不甜。第二，

3、你初到一個(gè)餐館，開始舉筷時(shí)有新鮮感，新蓋的茅房三天香，這也可以叫做“陌生化效應(yīng)”。For me the most interesting thing about a solitary life, and mine has been that for the last twenty years, is that it becomes increasingly rewarding. When I can wake up and watch the sun rise over the ocean, as I do most days, and know that I have an entire d

4、ay ahead, uninterrupted, in which to write a few pages, take a walk with my dog, read and listen to music, I am flooded with happiness.I am lonely only when I am overtired , when I have worked too long without a break, when for the time being I feel empty and need filling up. And I am lonely sometim

5、es when I come back home after a lecture trip, when I have seen a lot of people and talked a lot, and am full to the brim with experience that needs to be sorted out.Then for a little while the house feels huge and empty, and I wonder where my self is hiding. It has to be recaptured slowly by wateri

6、ng the plants and, perhaps, by looking again at each one as though it were a person.It takes a while, as I watch the surf blowing up in fountains, but the moment comes when the world falls away, and the self emerges again from the deep unconscious, bring back all I have recently experienced to be ex

7、plored and slowly understood.2015花茶（camellia）的自然花期在12月至翌年4月，以紅色為主系，另有黃色系和白色系，花色艷麗。本屆花展充分展示了花茶的品種資源和科研水平，是近三年來本市規(guī)模最大的一屆花茶。為了使廣大植物愛好者有更多與花茶親密接觸的機(jī)會，本屆花茶展的布展范圍延伸至整個(gè)園區(qū)，為賞花游客帶來便利。此次花展歷時(shí)2個(gè)月，展期內(nèi)200多個(gè)茶花品種將陸續(xù)亮相。At its heart, psycholinguistic work consists of two questions. One is, What knowledge of language i

8、s needed for us to use language? In a sense, we must know a language to use it, but we are not fully aware of this knowledge. A distinction may be drawn between tacit knowledge and explicit knowledge. Tacit knowledge refers to the knowledge of how to perform various acts, whereas explicit knowledge

9、refers to the knowledge of the processes or mechanisms used in these acts. We sometimes know how to do something without knowing how we do it. For instance, a baseball pitcher might know how to throw a baseball 90 miles an hour, but might have little or no explicit knowledge of the muscle groups tha

10、t are involved in this act. Similarly, we may distinguish between knowing how to speak and knowing what processes are involved in producing speech. Generally speaking, much of our linguistic knowledge is tacit rather than explicit.2014當(dāng)我小學(xué)畢業(yè)的時(shí)候，親友一致地愿意我去學(xué)手藝，好幫助母親。我曉得我應(yīng)當(dāng)去找飯吃，以減輕母親的困苦?？墒?，我也愿意升學(xué)。我偷偷地考入

11、了師范學(xué)校制服、飯食、書籍、住處，都由學(xué)校供給。只有這樣，我才敢對母親說升學(xué)的話。入學(xué)，要交十元的保證金。這是一筆巨款！母親作了半個(gè)月的難，把這巨款籌到，而后含淚把我送出門去。當(dāng)我由師范畢業(yè)，被派為小學(xué)校的校長，母親與我都一夜不曾合眼。我只說了句：“以后，您可以歇一歇了！”她的回答只有一串串的眼淚。Thephysicaldistancebetweenspeakerscanindicateanumberofthingsandcanalsobeusedtoconsciouslysendmessagesaboutintent.Closeness,forexample,indicatesintimac

12、yorthreattomanyspeakerswhilstdistancemaydenoteformalityoralackofinterest.Proximityisalsobothamatterofpersonalstyleandisoftenculture-boundsothatwhatmayseemnormaltoaspeakerfromoneculturemayappearunnecessarilycloseordistanttoaspeakerfromanother. Andstandingclosetosomeonemaybequiteappropriateinsomesitua

13、tionssuchasaninformalparty,butcompletelyoutofplaceinothers, suchasmeetingwithasuperior. Posturecanconveymeaningtoo.Hunchedshouldersandahangingheadgiveapowerfulindicationofmood. Aloweredheadwhenspeakingtoasuperior(withorwithouteyecontact)canconveytheappropriaterelationshipinsomecultures.2013生活像一杯紅酒，熱

14、愛生活的人會從中品出無窮的美妙。將它握在手中觀察，它的暗紅有血的感覺，那正是生命的痕跡。抿一口留在口中回味，它的甘甜有一絲苦澀，如人生一般復(fù)雜迷離。喝一口下肚，余香潤人心肺，讓人終受益。紅酒越陳越美味，生活越豐富越美好。當(dāng)人生走向晚年，就如一瓶待開封的好酒，其色彩是沉靜的，味道中充滿慷慨于智慧。The UN General Assembly, the central political forum, is composed of 193 members, including virtually all the worlds nation-states. Two thirds of its me

15、mbers are developing countries, which account for about three-quarters of the worlds population.Reaching decisions is difficult, especially since all agreements by custom must be reached by consensus. As a result, important agreements are often held hostage by narrow special interests, and most agre

16、ements are reached only by reducing them to their lowest common denominators. But the real question is whether the major countries of the world will allow democracy to function at the highest level.The Security Council, which is responsible for peace and security, deals with issues of the greatest p

17、olitical importance. The Council has only 15 members so it can meet frequently and deal with crises. Once impotence due to Cold War rivalries, it has regained much of the authority accorded by the UN charter.2012燭光盛宴泊珍看他第一眼，彷似一聲雷劈頭而來，令她暈頭漲腦，這一歲的孩子臉型長相如此熟悉，她心里的第一道聲音是，不能帶回去！痛苦糾聚心中，眉心發(fā)燙發(fā)熱，胸口郁悶難展，胃里一股氣沖

18、喉而上。院長說這孩子發(fā)育遲緩時(shí)，她更是心頭無緒，她在育生所待的房里來回踱步，這房里還有其他小孩，每人一張圍著柵欄的床，整個(gè)房間只有一扇窗，窗外樹影婆娑，就讓這孩子留下來吧，這里有善心的神父和修女，這里將來會擴(kuò)充為有醫(yī)療作用的看護(hù)中心，這是留住孩子最好的地方。這孩子是她的秘密，她將秘密留在這樹林掩映的建筑里。她將秘密留在心頭。她專心做生意，她覺得人生剩下的只有不斷地賺錢養(yǎng)育孩子，和對往日某些美好時(shí)光的眷戀，即使這些時(shí)光如此短暫，但也因?yàn)槎虝憾鴱涀阏滟F，她家鄉(xiāng)的好山好水、她和桂花的姐妹情誼、留在心中的曾有過的感情，這些美好的部分就夠安慰她的余生。她心里也惦念留在家鄉(xiāng)的那些人，她的兩個(gè)孩子、她的父親

19、，他們都不再有音訊，他們隨著時(shí)光的流逝，成為心里一個(gè)遙遠(yuǎn)的山水風(fēng)景，成為眼里模糊的淚水。In some cases, intelligent people implementing intelligent policies are responsible for producing a boomerang effect; they actually create more of whatever it is they seek to reduce in the first place.The boomerang effect has been achieved many times in re

20、cent years by men and women of goodwillState legislatures around the nation have recently raised the drinking age back to 21 in an effort to reduce the prevalence of violent deaths among our young people.But such policies seem instead to have created the conditions for even more campus violenceSome

21、college students who previously drank in bars and lounges under the watchful supervision of bouncers(夜總會,酒吧等保安人員) (not to mention owners eaer to keep their liquor licenses) now retreat to the sanctuary of their fraternity houses and apartments, where they no longer control their behaviour - or their

22、 drinkingThe boomerang effect has also played a role in attempts to reduce the availability of illicit drugsDuring recent years, the federal government has been quite successful in reducing the supply of street drugsAs fields are burned and contraband (違禁品）confiscated, the price of street drugs has

23、skyrocketed to a point where cheap alternatives have begun to compete in the marketplaceUnfortunately, the cheap alternatives are even more harmful than the illicit drugs they replace.boomerang: a curved flat piece of wood that can be thrown so as to return to the thrower 2010朋友之間，情趣相投、脾氣對味則合、則交，反之，

24、則離、則絕。朋友之間再熟悉、再親密，也不能隨便過頭、不恭不敬，這樣，默契和平衡將被打破，友好關(guān)系將不復(fù)存在。每個(gè)人都希望擁有自己的一片私密空間，朋友之間過于隨便，就容易侵入這片禁區(qū)，從而引起沖突，造成隔閡。待友不敬，有時(shí)或許只是一件小事，卻可能已埋下了破壞性的種子。維持朋友親密關(guān)系的最好辦法是往來有節(jié)，互不干涉。I thought that it was a Sunday morning in May; that it was Easter Sunday，and as yet very early in the morning. I was standing，as it seemed to m

25、e，at the door of my own cottage. Right before me lay the very scene which could really be commanded from that situation，but exalted, as was usual，and solemnized by the power of dreams. There were the same mountains，and the same lovely valley at their feet; but the mountains were raised to more than

26、Alpine height，and there was interspaced far larger between them of savannahs and forest lawns; the hedges were rich with white roses; and no living creature was to be seen, excepting that in the green churchyard there were cattle tranquilly reposing upon the verdant graves，and particularly round abo

27、ut the grave of a child whom I had once tenderly loved，just as I had really seen them，a little before sunrise，in the same summer when that child died.2003In his classic novel, “The Pioneers”, James, Feminore Cooper has his hero, a land developer, take his cousin on a tour of the city he is building.

28、 He describes the broad streets, rows of houses, a teeming metropolis. But his cousin looks around bewildered. All she sees is a forest, “Where are the beauties and improvements which you were to show me?” she asks. Hes astonished she cant see them. “Where! Why everywhere,” he replies. For though th

29、ey are not yet built on earth, he has built them in his mind, and they are as concrete to him as if they were already constructed and finished.Cooper was illustrating a distinctly American trait, future-mindedness: the ability to see the present from the vantage point of the future; the freedom to f

30、eel unencumbered by the past and more emotionally attached to things to come. As Albert Einstein once said, “Life for the American is always becoming, never being.”得病以前，我受父母寵愛，在家中橫行霸道，一旦隔離，拘禁在花園山坡上一幢小房子里，我頓感打入冷宮，十分郁郁不得志起來。一個(gè)春天的傍晚，園中百花怒放，父母在園中設(shè)宴，一時(shí)賓客云集，笑語四溢。我在山坡的小屋里，悄悄掀起窗簾，窺見園中大千世界，一片繁華，自己的哥姐，堂表弟兄，也穿

31、插其間，個(gè)個(gè)喜氣洋洋。一霎時(shí)，一陣被人摒棄，為世所遺的悲憤兜上心頭，禁不住痛哭起來。2002The word “winner” and “l(fā)oser” have many meanings. When we refer to a person as a winner, we do not mean one who makes someone else lose. To us, a winner is one who responds authentically by being credible, trustworthy, responsive, and genuine, both as an

32、 individual and as a member of a society.Winners do not dedicate their lives to a concept of what they imagine they should be: rather, they are themselves and as such do not use their energy putting on a performance, maintaining pretence, and manipulating others. They are aware that there is a diffe

33、rence between being loving and acting loving, between being stupid and acting stupid, between being knowledgeable and acting knowledgeable. Winners do not need to hide behind a mask.Winners are not afraid to do their own thinking and to use their own knowledge. They can separate facts from opinions

34、and dont pretend to have all the answers. They listen to others, evaluate what they say, but come to their own conclusions. Although winners can adore and respect other people, they are not totally defined, demolished, bound, or awed by them.Winners do not play “helpless”, nor do they play the blami

35、ng game. Instead, they assume responsibility for their own lives.大自然對人的恩賜，無論貧富，一律平等。所以人們對于大自然，全都一直并深深地依賴著。尤其在鄉(xiāng)間，上千年來人們一直以不變的方式生活著。種植莊稼和葡萄，釀酒和飲酒，喂牛和擠奶，除草和栽花；在周末去教堂祈禱和做禮拜，在節(jié)日到廣場拉琴、跳舞和唱歌；往日的田園依舊是今日的溫馨家園。這樣，每個(gè)地方都有自己的傳說，風(fēng)俗也就衍傳了下來。2001喬羽的歌大家都熟悉。但他另外兩大愛好卻鮮為人知，那就是釣魚和喝酒。晚年的喬羽喜愛垂釣，他說，“有水有魚的地方大都是有好環(huán)境的，好環(huán)境便會給人好

36、心情。我認(rèn)為最好的釣魚場所不是舒適的、給你準(zhǔn)備好餓魚的垂釣園，而是那極其有吸引力的大自然野外天成的場所?！?釣魚是一項(xiàng)能夠陶冶性情的運(yùn)動，有益于身心健康。喬羽說：“釣魚可分三個(gè)階段：第一階段是吃魚；第二階段是吃魚和情趣兼而有之；第三階段主要是釣趣，面對一池碧水，將憂心煩惱全都拋在一邊，使自己的身心得到充分休息。”Possession for its own sake or in competition with the rest of the neighborhood would have been Thoreaus idea of the low levels. The active dis

37、cipline of heightening ones perception of what is enduring in nature would have been his idea of the high. What he saved from the low was time and effort he could spend on the high. Thoreau certainly disapproved of starvation, but he would put into feeding himself only as much effort as would keep h

38、im functioning for more important efforts.Effort is the gist of it. There is no happiness except as we take on life-engaging difficulties. Short of the impossible, as Yeats put it, the satisfaction we get from a lifetime depends on how high we choose our difficulties. Robert Frost was thinking in so

39、mething like the same terms when he spoke of “The pleasure of taking pains”. The mortal flaw in the advertised version of happiness is in the fact that it purports to be effortless.We demand difficulty even in our games. We demand it because without difficulty there can be no game. A game is a way o

40、f making something hard for the fun of it. The rules of the game are an arbitrary imposition of difficulty. When someone ruins the fun, he always does so by refusing to play by the rules. It is easier to win at chess if you are free, at your pleasure, to change the wholly arbitrary rules, but the fu

41、n is in winning within the rules. No difficulty, no fun.2000中國科技館的誕生來之不易。與國際著名科技館和其他博物館相比，它先天有些不足， 后天也常缺乏營養(yǎng)，但是它成長的步伐卻是堅(jiān)實(shí)而有力的。它在國際上已被公認(rèn)為后起之秀 。世界上第一代博物館屬于自然博物館，它是通過化石、標(biāo)本等向人們介紹地球和各種生 物的演化歷史。第二代屬于工業(yè)技術(shù)博物館，它所展示的是工業(yè)文明帶來的各種階段性結(jié)果 。這兩代博物館雖然起到了傳播科學(xué)知識的作用，但是，它們把參觀者當(dāng)成了被動的旁觀者 。 世界上第三代博物館是充滿全新理念的博物館。在這里，觀眾可以自己去動手操作

42、，自 己細(xì)心體察。這樣，他們可以更貼近先進(jìn)的科學(xué)技術(shù)，去探索科學(xué)技術(shù)的奧妙。 中國科技館正是這樣的博物館!它汲取了國際上一些著名博物館的長處，設(shè)計(jì)制作了力 學(xué)、光學(xué)、電學(xué)、熱學(xué)、聲學(xué)、生物學(xué)等展品，展示了科學(xué)的原理和先進(jìn)的科技成果。If people mean anything at all by the expression “untimely death”, they m us t believe that some deaths nm on a better schedule than others. Death in old age is rarely called untimelya

43、 long life is thought to be a full one. But with the passing of a young person, one assumes that the best years lay ahead and the measure of that life was still to be taken. History denies this, of course. Among prominent summer deaths, one recalls those of MariLarry Monroe and James Deans, whose li

44、ves seemed equally brief and complete. Writers cannot bear the fact that poet John Keats died at 26, and only half playfully judge their own lives as failures when they pass that year. The id ea that the life cut short is unfulfilled is illogical because lives are measure d by the impressions they l

45、eave on the world and by their intensity and virtue.1999加拿大的溫哥華1986年剛剛度過百歲生日，但城市的發(fā)展令世界矚目。以港立市，以港興市，是許多港口城市生存發(fā)展的道路。經(jīng)過百年開發(fā)建設(shè)，有著天然不凍良港的溫哥華，成為舉世聞名的港口城市，同亞洲、大洋洲、歐洲、拉丁美洲均有定期班輪，年貨物吞吐量達(dá)到8，000萬噸，全市就業(yè)人口中有三分之一從事貿(mào)易與運(yùn)輸行業(yè)。溫哥華（Vancouver）的輝煌是溫哥華人智慧和勤奮的結(jié)晶，其中包括多民族的貢獻(xiàn)。加拿大地廣人稀，國土面積比中國還大，人口卻不足3000萬。吸收外來移民，是加拿大長期奉行的國策?？梢?/p>

46、說，加拿大除了印第安人外，無一不是外來移民，不同的只是時(shí)間長短而已。溫哥華則更是世界上屈指可數(shù)的多民族城市?，F(xiàn)今180萬溫哥華居民中，有一半不是在本地出生的，每4個(gè)居民中就有一個(gè)是亞洲人。而25萬華人對溫哥華的經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型起著決定性的作用。他們其中有一半是近5年才來到溫哥華地區(qū)的，使溫哥華成為亞洲以外最大的中國人聚居地。In some societies people want children for what might be called familial reasons: to extend the family line or the family name, to propitiate

47、 the ancestors; to enable the proper functioning of religious rituals involving the family. Such reasons may seem thin in the modern, secularized society but they have been and are powerful indeed in other places.In addition, one class of family reasons shares a border with the following category, n

48、amely, having children in order to maintain or improve a marriage: to hold the husband or occupy the wife; to repair or rejuvenate the marriage; to increase the number of children on the assumption that family happiness lies that way. The point is underlined by its converse: in some societies the fa

49、ilure to bear children (or males) is a threat to the marriage and a ready cause for divorce.Beyond all that is the profound significance of children to the very institution of the family itself. To many people, husband and wife alone do not seem a proper family they need children to enrich the circl

50、e, to validate its family character, to gather the redemptive influence of offspring. Children need the family, but the family seems also to need children, as the social institution uniquely available, at least in principle, for security, comfort, assurance, and direction in a changing, often hostil

51、e, world. To most people, such a home base, in the literal sense, needs more than one person for sustenance and in generational extension.19981997年2月24日我們代表團(tuán)下榻日月潭中信大飯店，送走了最后一批客人，已是次日凌晨3點(diǎn)了。我躺在床上久久不能入睡，披衣走到窗前，往外看去，只見四周峰巒疊翠，湖面波光粼粼。望著臺灣這僅有的景色如畫的天然湖泊，我想了許多，許多這次到臺灣訪問交流，雖然行程匆匆，但是，看了不少地方，訪了舊友，交了新知，大家走到一起，談?wù)?/p>

52、的一個(gè)重要話題就是中華民族在21世紀(jì)的強(qiáng)盛。雖然祖國大陸、臺灣的青年生活在不同的社會環(huán)境中，有著各自不同的生活經(jīng)歷，但大家的內(nèi)心都深深銘刻著中華文化優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)的印記，都擁有著振興中華民族的共同理想。在世紀(jì)之交的偉大時(shí)代，我們的祖國正在走向繁榮富強(qiáng)，海峽兩岸人民也將加強(qiáng)交流，共同推進(jìn)祖國統(tǒng)一大業(yè)的早日完成。世紀(jì)之交的寶貴機(jī)遇和巨大挑戰(zhàn)將青年推到了歷史前臺?？缡兰o(jì)青年一代應(yīng)該用什么樣的姿態(tài)迎接充滿希望的新世紀(jì)，這是我們必須回答的問題。日月潭水波不興，仿佛與我一同在思索I agree to some extent with my imaginary English reader. American l

53、iterary historians are perhaps prone to view their own national scene too narrowly, mistaking prominence for uniqueness. They do over-phrase their own literature, or certainly its minor figures. And Americans do swing from aggressive over phrase of their literature to an equally unfortunate, imitati

54、ve deference. But then, the English themselves are somewhat insular in their literary appraisals. Moreover, in fields where they are not pre-eminent e. g. in painting and music they too alternate between boasting of native products and copying those of the Continent. How many English paintings try t

55、o look as though they were done in Paris; how many times have we read in articles that they really represent an “English tradition” after all.To speak of American literature, then, is not to assert that it is completely unlike that of Europe. Broadly speaking, America and Europe have kept step. At a

56、ny given moment the traveler could find examples in both of the same architecture, the same styles in dress, the same books on the shelves. Ideas have crossed the Atlantic as freely as men and merchandise, though sometimes more slowly. When I refer to American habit, thoughts, etc., I intend some so

57、rt of qualification to precede the word, for frequently the difference between America and Europe (especially England) will be one of degree, sometimes only of a small degree. The amount of divergence is a subtle affair, liable to perplex the Englishman when he looks at America. He is looking at a c

58、ountry which in important senses grew out of his own, which in several ways still resembles his own and which is yet a foreign country. There are odd overlappings and abrupt unfamiliarities; kinship yields to a sudden alienation, as when we hail a person across the street, only to discover from his

59、blank response that we have mistaken a stranger for a friend.1997來美國求學(xué)的中國學(xué)生與其他亞裔學(xué)生一樣，大多非?？炭嗲趭^，周末也往往會抽出一天甚至兩天的時(shí)間去實(shí)驗(yàn)室加班，因而比起美國學(xué)生來，成果出得較多。我的導(dǎo)師是亞裔人，嗜煙好酒，脾氣暴躁。但他十分欣賞亞裔學(xué)生勤奮與扎實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)知識，也特別了解亞裔學(xué)生的心理。因此，在他實(shí)驗(yàn)室所招的學(xué)生中，除有一名來自德國外，其余5位均是亞裔學(xué)生。他干脆在實(shí)驗(yàn)室的門上貼一醒目招牌：“本室助研必須每周工作7天，早10時(shí)至晚12時(shí)，工作時(shí)間必須全力以赴?！边@位導(dǎo)師的嚴(yán)格及苛刻是全校有名的，在我所呆的3

60、年半中，共有14位學(xué)生被招進(jìn)他的實(shí)驗(yàn)室，最后博士畢業(yè)的只剩下5人。1990年夏天，我不顧別人勸阻，硬著頭皮接受了導(dǎo)師的資助，從此開始了艱難的求學(xué)旅程。Opera is expensive: that much is inevitable. But expensive things are inevitably the province（范圍） of the rich unless we abdicate（退位、放棄） societys power of choice. We can choose to make opera and other expensive forms of cultur