【新課標(biāo)人教版】2013屆中考英語考前語法專練《14復(fù)合句(賓語從句、狀語從句、定語從句) 》（語法精講+典例解析 28ppt）

1、語法互動(dòng)(十四)復(fù)合句(賓語從句、狀語從句、定語從句)中考考點(diǎn)1賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)、語序及句中連詞和代詞的選用。2狀語從句中的連詞及時(shí)態(tài)。3定語從句中關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的具體用法。語法互動(dòng)(十四)復(fù)合句(賓語從句、狀語從句、定語從句)考點(diǎn)一賓語從句 1引導(dǎo)詞(1)在以that 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中，若是陳述句作賓語，that可以省略。如：The radio says (that) it will rain tomorrow.收音機(jī)報(bào)道說明天要下雨。(2)以連接代詞which，what，who等或連接副詞how, where, why, when等引導(dǎo)特殊疑問句作賓語的從句，從句改用陳述語序。如：Cou

2、ld you tell me _ to you?你能告訴我他跟你說了些什么嗎？語法互動(dòng)(十四)復(fù)合句(賓語從句、狀語從句、定語從句)what he said (3)以 whether 或 if 引導(dǎo)的一般疑問句或選擇疑問句作賓語的從句，從句改用陳述語序。如：I wonder _ you have told the news to Li Lei.我想知道你是否已經(jīng)告訴李雷這個(gè)消息了。2時(shí)態(tài)(1)當(dāng)主句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)或一般將來時(shí)時(shí)，從句根據(jù)語境可以使用任何時(shí)態(tài)。如：Xiaoming wants to know what time you got up this morning.小明想要知

3、道今天早晨你是幾點(diǎn)起床的。(2)當(dāng)主句為一般過去時(shí)時(shí)，從句要用相對(duì)應(yīng)的過去的時(shí)態(tài)。如：語法互動(dòng)(十四)復(fù)合句(賓語從句、狀語從句、定語從句)if/whether We asked what Jean was doing then.我們問Jean那時(shí)正在做什么。(3)當(dāng)從句表述的是客觀真理或普遍規(guī)律時(shí)，賓語從句要使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如：Lisa asked whether light _ faster than sound.麗薩問光的傳播速度是否比聲音快。Polly said no news is good news.波利說沒有消息就是好消息。語法互動(dòng)(十四)復(fù)合句(賓語從句、狀語從句、定語從句)t

4、ravels/goes 3語序(1)陳述句改為賓語從句，語序不變，即仍用陳述語序。如：He is a good boy. The teacher said. The teacher said (that) he was a good boy.老師說他是個(gè)好孩子。(2)一般疑問句和特殊疑問句改為賓語從句，語序改為陳述語序。如：Does he work hard？I wonder.I wonder if/whether _我想知道他是否努力工作。 When did he leave？I dont know. I dont know when he left.我不知道他是什么時(shí)候離開的。提醒 賓語從

5、句與簡單句的轉(zhuǎn)換語法互動(dòng)(十四)復(fù)合句(賓語從句、狀語從句、定語從句)he works hard 由特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句?？梢赞D(zhuǎn)換為“特殊疑問詞to do”結(jié)構(gòu)的簡單句。如：I dont know what I should say.I dont know what_我不知道要說什么。4直接引語與間接引語(1)人稱的變化語法互動(dòng)(十四)復(fù)合句(賓語從句、狀語從句、定語從句)一隨主，二隨賓，第三人稱不更新 to say She said, “I am tired.”她說：“我累了?！盨he said that _ tired.她說她累了。The headmaster said to us，“

6、You must study hard now.”校長說：“你們現(xiàn)在一定要努力學(xué)習(xí)?！盩he headmaster told us that _ had to study hard then.校長告訴我們，我們那時(shí)必須努力學(xué)習(xí)。(2)引導(dǎo)詞和語序語法互動(dòng)(十四)復(fù)合句(賓語從句、狀語從句、定語從句)she was we 語法互動(dòng)(十四)復(fù)合句(賓語從句、狀語從句、定語從句)直接引語間接引語引導(dǎo)詞語序陳述句that(可省略)不變一般疑問句if/whether疑問語序改為陳述語序特殊疑問句wh類詞疑問語序改為陳述語序直接引語改為動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí)，并同時(shí)將主句中的say to sb 改為tell/ask

7、 sb, 構(gòu)成tell/ask sb(not)to do sth 句型(3)時(shí)態(tài)的變化直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，間接引語的時(shí)態(tài)要與主句的時(shí)態(tài)一致。其規(guī)律一般是：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過去時(shí)一般過去時(shí)過去完成時(shí)一般將來時(shí)過去將來時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)不變語法互動(dòng)(十四)復(fù)合句(賓語從句、狀語從句、定語從句)(4)指示代詞、時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)狀語等的變化thisthatthesethosenow_todaythat daytonight_this week(year, term)_語法互動(dòng)(十四)復(fù)合句(賓語從句、狀語從句、定語從句)then that night that week

8、(year, term) yesterday_last week(year, term)the week(year, term)beforetwo years ago_tomorrowthe next(following)daynext week(year, term)the next week(year, term)here_語法互動(dòng)(十四)復(fù)合句(賓語從句、狀語從句、定語從句)there the day before two years before 考點(diǎn)二狀語從句 1分類(1)時(shí)間狀語從句由when, before, after, until, as soon as, while, as

9、, since 等引導(dǎo)的狀語從句叫做時(shí)間狀語從句。如：I feel very happy _ I meet my friends again.當(dāng)我再次遇見我的朋友們時(shí)我感到很高興。We have made many dumplings _ we began to cook. 自從我們開始做飯，我們已經(jīng)包了許多餃子了。He didnt go to bed _ he finished his homework.他直到做完作業(yè)才睡覺。(go to bed 表示的動(dòng)作不能持續(xù))語法互動(dòng)(十四)復(fù)合句(賓語從句、狀語從句、定語從句)when since until Ill call him _ he c

10、omes back.他一回來我就給他打電話。Father was cleaning the car _ I was playing computer games. 當(dāng)我正在打電子游戲時(shí)，爸爸在清洗汽車。(2)條件狀語從句由if(如果)引導(dǎo)的狀語從句叫做條件狀語從句。如：_ it doesnt rain tomorrow, we will go there by bike.如果明天不下雨，我們就騎自行車去那里。(3)其他狀語從句及其引導(dǎo)詞語法互動(dòng)(十四)復(fù)合句(賓語從句、狀語從句、定語從句)as soon aswhile If 語法互動(dòng)(十四)復(fù)合句(賓語從句、狀語從句、定語從句)從句名稱引導(dǎo)詞

11、地點(diǎn)狀語從句where, wherever原因狀語從句because, as, since(既然)目的狀語從句so that(以便), in order that(為了，目的是)讓步狀語從句though(雖然), although(雖然), even ifeven though(即使)比較狀語從句than, asas， not so/asas結(jié)果狀語從句that, so that, sothat, suchthat(以至于)2.主句與從句時(shí)態(tài)一致的問題在時(shí)間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中，主句和從句之間的時(shí)態(tài)一致問題一般分為下列兩種情況：(1)主現(xiàn)從現(xiàn)： 若主句是祈使句或主句中有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，那么從句

12、用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。如：Be careful when you cross the road. 過馬路時(shí)要小心。The traffic must stop when the lights _. 當(dāng)紅燈亮?xí)r，車輛必須停下來。(2)主將從現(xiàn)： 主句用一般將來時(shí)，而從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如：語法互動(dòng)(十四)復(fù)合句(賓語從句、狀語從句、定語從句)are/turn red I will visit my good friend when I _ time. 當(dāng)我有時(shí)間時(shí)，我將去看望我的好友。If she _ here tomorrow, I will go to the park with her. 如果

13、明天她來這里，我將和她一起去公園。(3)賓語從句和狀語從句同時(shí)出現(xiàn)。如：I dont know if(是否)he will come. If(如果)he comes, I will tell him about the accident. 我不知道他是否要來。如果他來，我將告訴他這起事故。I dont know when(什么時(shí)候)he will come tomorrow. When(當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候)he comes, I will tell him about the news. 我不知道他明天什么時(shí)候來。當(dāng)他來時(shí)，我將告訴他這個(gè)消息。語法互動(dòng)(十四)復(fù)合句(賓語從句、狀語從句、定語從句)hav

14、e comes (4)過去時(shí)態(tài)： 若主從句都是在敘述過去的事情，則主從句可以用一般過去時(shí)或過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。如：Mother was cooking when I got home yesterday. 昨天我到家時(shí)，媽媽正在做飯。3引導(dǎo)詞與連詞的使用because與so不能同時(shí)用在一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句中；although/though與but不能同時(shí)用在一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句中。如：Though/Although it was late, they kept working.盡管很晚了，他們?nèi)匀焕^續(xù)工作。語法互動(dòng)(十四)復(fù)合句(賓語從句、狀語從句、定語從句)語法互動(dòng)(十四)復(fù)合句(賓語從句、狀語從句、定語從句)

15、作主語作賓語作定語指人who/thatwho/whom/thatwhose指物which/thatwhich/thatwhose考點(diǎn)三 定語從句 引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞有who(whose, whom), which, that; 關(guān)系副詞有when, where, why。1關(guān)系代詞的基本用法2.關(guān)系代詞的特殊用法that和which都可以修飾表示物的先行詞，有的只能用that，有的只能用which。(1)下列情況只能用that：先行詞為不定代詞all, few, little, much, everything, nothing 等。如：All (that)you have to do i

16、s to practise every day.你要做的就是每天都要練習(xí)。There isnt much (that) I can do.我能做的不多。先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞的最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。如：語法互動(dòng)(十四)復(fù)合句(賓語從句、狀語從句、定語從句)The first lesson (that) I learned will never be forgotten.我將永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我上的第一堂課。This is the best film (that) I have ever seen.這是我看過的最好的一部電影。先行詞被all, any, every, few, little, no, some

17、 等不定代詞修飾時(shí)。如：I have read all the books (that) you gave me.我已經(jīng)讀完了你給我的所有的書。先行詞被the only, the very, the last, the same 等修飾時(shí)。如：語法互動(dòng)(十四)復(fù)合句(賓語從句、狀語從句、定語從句)The white flower is the only one that I really like.這朵白花是我唯一真正喜歡的。This is the very book _ I want to read.這就是我要看的那本書。This is the same skirt that I want

18、to buy.(同一條裙子)這就是我想買的那條裙子。當(dāng)主句是以who或 which 開頭的特殊疑問句時(shí)，定語從句用that 引導(dǎo)。如：Who is the man that is standing there?站在那的那個(gè)人是誰？語法互動(dòng)(十四)復(fù)合句(賓語從句、狀語從句、定語從句)that Which of us that knows something about physics doesnt know this？在我們懂點(diǎn)物理的人當(dāng)中有誰不知道這個(gè)？先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)。如：We talked about the persons and things _ we could remembe

19、r.我們談?wù)摿宋覀兯苡浀玫娜撕褪?。time作先行詞，前面如果有序數(shù)詞或 last 修飾時(shí)，定語從句用 that 來引導(dǎo)或省略；如果沒有序數(shù)詞或 last 修飾時(shí)，既可用 when 也可用that來引導(dǎo)。如：This is the last time (that) I shall give you a lesson.這是我最后一次給你們上課了。語法互動(dòng)(十四)復(fù)合句(賓語從句、狀語從句、定語從句)that The first time (that) I saw him was in 1972.我第一次見到他是在1972年。(2)下列情況只能用 which：關(guān)系代詞作介詞的賓語時(shí)，用“介詞whi

20、ch”的結(jié)構(gòu)。如：This is the book for _you ask.這是你要的書。引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)，只能用which。如：This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching.這本小說很動(dòng)人，我已經(jīng)讀了三遍。3關(guān)系副詞的用法(1)when引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾表示時(shí)間的先行詞。如：語法互動(dòng)(十四)復(fù)合句(賓語從句、狀語從句、定語從句)which I still remember the day _ I first came to Beijing.我仍然記得來北京的第一天。(2)where 在句中作狀語，表示地點(diǎn)。如：This is the factory _ I worked two years ago.這就是我兩年前工作的那個(gè)工廠。(3)why在句中作狀語，表示原因。如：I know the reason _ he came late. 我知道他來晚的原因。語法互動(dòng)(十四)復(fù)合句(賓語從句、狀語從句、定語從句)when where why 考點(diǎn)過關(guān)根據(jù)句意及漢語提示完成句子1I didnt know _ (