非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式

1、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 定義 構(gòu)成 用法Ms. White is showing her students some books _ from the library (2010,課標(biāo)全國(guó), 27)A. to borrow B. to be borrowed C. borrowed D. borrowingWith Fathers Day around the corner, I have taken some money out of the bank _ a gift for my dad. (2010,山東, 15)A. to buy B. buy C. buying D. to be bought

2、 _ the city centre, we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height (2010,上海, 9)A. Approach B. Approached C. To approach D. Approaching非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是指在一個(gè)句子中不做謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞. 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞具有動(dòng)詞特性- 表示動(dòng)作，但不能作謂語(yǔ)，因?yàn)樗皇蔷渥右磉_(dá)的主語(yǔ)所發(fā)出動(dòng)作，或主語(yǔ)的身份，狀態(tài)，屬性。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞定義We intend to watch a film laterI saw Tom washing his car this morning只有動(dòng)詞 或

3、動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ) 能作謂語(yǔ)或者實(shí)義動(dòng)詞或者系動(dòng)詞 動(dòng)詞不定式 動(dòng)名詞 分詞非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在分詞過(guò)去分詞非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化，但可以有自己的賓語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)等成分We intend to watch a film laterI saw Tom washing his car this morning非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用法非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用法 1 動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式由 to+動(dòng)詞原形 構(gòu)成. 否定形式為 not to +動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞不定式在句中可以作除謂語(yǔ)之外的任何句子成分。動(dòng)詞不定式一般帶有目的和將來(lái)的語(yǔ)氣We intend to watch a film laterI have taken some mone

4、y out of the bank to buy a gift for my dad動(dòng)詞不定式在句中起 名詞, 形容詞 或 副詞 的作用 1 動(dòng)詞不定式因此，動(dòng)詞不定式在句子中可以做: 主語(yǔ), 賓語(yǔ), 定語(yǔ), 表語(yǔ), 狀語(yǔ) 和 補(bǔ)語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式的形式一般是to + 動(dòng)詞原形，to有時(shí)要省去* 。主語(yǔ)： 賓語(yǔ)： 定語(yǔ)： 動(dòng)詞不定式在句子中的各種成分To learn a new language requires hard workingIt requires hard working to learn a new language We are planning to leave They int

5、end to attack in the second halfThe plane to land came from Germany.The book to be published next the week is about China.分別記住接動(dòng)名詞和不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞表語(yǔ)： 狀語(yǔ)： 補(bǔ)語(yǔ)：動(dòng)詞不定式在句子中的各種成分His job is to protect you He appears to have caught a cold She went to Bei Jing to protect you They were very sad to hear the newsThe b

6、ag is too heavy for him to carryI visited him only to find him out 形容詞之后，動(dòng)作同時(shí)在副詞only, never之后 The boss told Tom to ring Mr. Lee at 3pmHe begged me not to tell anybody about this 省去 to 的不定式結(jié)構(gòu) 1 動(dòng)詞不定式1 在固定詞組had better之后。否定形式是 had better not do sth You had better go home now. Youd better go home now. I

7、ts cold outside. Youd better not go out. 2 在let, urge, make, 等使役動(dòng)詞后，要跟不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。 *I made him give me the money back. They let him talk. 1 動(dòng)詞不定式在使役動(dòng)詞 的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，to 不可以省略。 I made him give me the money back. He was made to give me the money back. They let him talk. He was let to talk. 動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)

8、態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般式to do to be done完成式to have doneto have been done進(jìn)行式to be doing完成進(jìn)行式to have been doing時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)1 一般式：動(dòng)詞不定式的一般式所表示的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作之后. I am glad to meet you. I hope to see you again soon. We are planning to visit the Great Wall. 1 動(dòng)詞不定式2 進(jìn)行式：不定式的進(jìn)行式所表示的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)The boy pr

9、etended to be working They seemed to be arguing over something 1 動(dòng)詞不定式3 完成式：表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之前。動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)He seems to have caught a cold. He seemed to have caught a cold. I am glad to meet you. I am glad to have met you. 1 動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)4 完成進(jìn)行式：表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之前，且動(dòng)作帶有持續(xù)性She was said to have been livi

10、ng here for many years. It is a real honor for me to have been working with you 1 動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式的語(yǔ)態(tài)1 一般式被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：It is a real honor for me to be invited to this party 1 動(dòng)詞不定式2 完成式被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：This English novel is said to have been translated into Chinese動(dòng)詞不定式的用法作主語(yǔ) To finish the work in ten minutes is impossible T

11、o obey these company regulations is necessary To win a Olympic gold medal requires hard working 1 動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式的用法作主語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用it作形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)不定式置于句后To finish the work in ten minutes is impossible To obey these company regulations is necessary To win a Olympic gold medal requires hard workingIt is i

12、mpossible to finish the work in ten minutesIt is necessary To obey these company regulationsIt requires hard working to win a Olympic gold medal 1 動(dòng)詞不定式 It作為形式主語(yǔ)常用句式有： 1 It + be + 名詞 + to do 2 It takes sb.+ some time + to do 3 It + be + 形容詞 + for sb +to do 4 It + be + 形容詞 + of sb + to do 5 It seems/

13、seemed (appears/appeared) + 形容詞 + to do 動(dòng)詞不定式的用法 1 動(dòng)詞不定式Its our duty to take good care of the children. It took me five days to write this article. 1 It + be + 名詞 + to do句型常接 a pity, an honor, a pleasure等詞2 It takes sb.+ some time + to doIts a real honor to be hereIt作為形式主語(yǔ) 1 動(dòng)詞不定式3 It+ be + 形容詞 + fo

14、r sb +to do 句型常接表示客觀情況的形容詞，如：difficult, easy, hard, important, impossible, necessary 等It is difficult for me to eat all these oranges. To eat all these oranges is difficult for me. It作為形式主語(yǔ) 1 動(dòng)詞不定式4 It + be + 形容詞 + of sb + to do 句型常接careless, clever, good, foolish, honest, kind, lazy, nice, right, s

15、illy, stupid, wise等表示贊揚(yáng)或批評(píng)的詞。這一句式等于：sb is+形容詞+to do句式 Its very kind of him to help us He is very kind to help us It作為形式主語(yǔ) 1 動(dòng)詞不定式 It seems/seemed (appears/appeared) + 形容詞 + to do 5 It作為形式主語(yǔ) It seems very hard to open this door To open this door seems very hard 1 動(dòng)詞不定式 It appears impossible to find h

16、imTo find him appears impossible注意：不定式作為句子成分時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 當(dāng)不定式作主語(yǔ)的句子中又有一個(gè)不定式作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，只能用tois to. 不能用A is to的句型 To see is to believe.Seeing is to believe It is to believe to see.動(dòng)詞不定式 1 動(dòng)詞不定式英語(yǔ)句式平衡動(dòng)詞不定式在句中可起名詞, 形容詞或副詞的作用 動(dòng)詞不定式因此，動(dòng)詞不定式在句子中可以做: 主語(yǔ), 賓語(yǔ), 表語(yǔ), 定語(yǔ), 狀語(yǔ) 和 補(bǔ)語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ) 1 以下動(dòng)詞只能跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)The driver failed

17、to see that car in time. They offered to help me afford （付得起），agree（同意），aim(力求做到)，appear（顯得），arrange（安排），ask（要求），attempt （試圖），care（想要），choose（決定），claim（聲稱），condescend（屈尊），consent（準(zhǔn)許），decide（決 定），demand（要求），determine（決心），endeavor（竭力），expect（期待），fail（未履行），help（幫 助），hesitate（猶豫），hope（希望），learn（學(xué)會(huì)），mana

18、ge（設(shè)法），neglect（疏忽），offer（主動(dòng)提 出），plan（計(jì)劃），prepare（準(zhǔn)備），pretend（假裝），proceed（接著做），promise（答應(yīng)），prove（證 明），refuse（拒絕），resolve（解決），seem（覺(jué)得好像），swear（發(fā)誓），tend（往往會(huì)），threaten（威脅），undertake（承諾），volunteer（自愿做），vow（發(fā)誓），want（想要），wish（希望） teach, decide, know, consider, forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see

19、, wonder, find out, explain, tell 2 動(dòng)詞不定式作以下動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，不定式的可以帶一些疑問(wèn)詞 （when, how, where, which, what, who）構(gòu)成主語(yǔ)+ 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+疑問(wèn)詞+ 不定式 結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ) She teaches how to use computersWe have not decided where to go動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ) 3 動(dòng)詞不定式在動(dòng)詞 find, consider, think, feel, make, 等動(dòng)詞后做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，先用形式賓語(yǔ) it 代替不定式，把不定式置于補(bǔ)語(yǔ)之后，構(gòu)成主語(yǔ)+動(dòng) 詞+it+補(bǔ)語(yǔ)+

20、to do句式He feels it his duty to help the poor. I find it difficult to learn English well. 動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ) 4 動(dòng)詞不定式在介詞 but, except, besides, 等介詞后面時(shí)，如果介詞前面有 行為動(dòng)詞 do 或者 doing, did 等 do 的各種形式時(shí), 那么后面的不定式要省略 to They did nothing but wait hereYou have no choice but to goThe teacher made no comment except to tell the

21、m to work hardThe teacher did not make any comments except tell them to work hard動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ) 5 動(dòng)詞不定式在固定短語(yǔ) cant choose but., cant help but., 后面時(shí)不定式要省略to I can not help but do what he wantShe could not choose but leave her children at home動(dòng)詞不定式在句中可起名詞, 形容詞或副詞的作用因此，動(dòng)詞不定式在句子中可以做: 主語(yǔ), 賓語(yǔ), 表語(yǔ), 定語(yǔ),狀語(yǔ) 和 補(bǔ)語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定

22、式作表語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞不定式作表語(yǔ)一般緊跟在系動(dòng)詞 be, remain, appear, get 等后面，用來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的具體內(nèi)容，屬性，狀態(tài)，目的或?qū)⒁l(fā)生的動(dòng)作My work is to clean the roomHe appears to catch a cold (He appears to have caught a cold) Our goal is to win the national champion 比較He is to clean the roomHis plan is to clean the room動(dòng)詞不定式作表語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞不定式作表語(yǔ)當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是人時(shí)，表示動(dòng)作即將發(fā)生當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是事

23、物時(shí)，表示主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容 動(dòng)詞不定式在句中可起名詞, 形容詞或副詞的作用因此，動(dòng)詞不定式在句子中可以做: 主語(yǔ), 賓語(yǔ), 表語(yǔ), 定語(yǔ),狀語(yǔ) 和 補(bǔ)語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ) 不定式在句中作定語(yǔ)，置于被修飾的名詞或代詞之后不定式短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)和被修飾詞之間表示以下關(guān)系： 表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作The train to arrive is from Washington The person to give the speech is our teacher(2) 如與被修飾詞之間有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，并且如果不定式是不及物動(dòng)詞，則需加介詞I finally found some paper to write on 動(dòng)詞不定式作

24、定語(yǔ) I have few problems to worry about (3) 當(dāng)作定語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí),(賓語(yǔ)) 不定式既可以用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，也可以用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 但含義有所不同：動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ) Do you have anything to buy? Do you have anything to be bought? -主語(yǔ)親自做- 主語(yǔ)讓別人做I will find them for you I am going to the supermarket (4) 當(dāng)被不定式修飾的名詞或代詞被序數(shù)詞, last, only 等詞修飾時(shí)，不定式作定語(yǔ)不含有將

25、來(lái)的意義。動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ) She is always the first person to comeHe was the last guest to arrive Tom is the only one to know the truth動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ) 特殊語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)邏輯主語(yǔ)概念：在有非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞充當(dāng)句子成分的句子中，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者稱作非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)。它們?cè)谶壿嬌吓c非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表達(dá)的動(dòng)作存在著主謂關(guān)系或動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，但不直接作非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所在句子的主語(yǔ)，The teacher asked me to answer his question . 1 當(dāng)不定式做 want have 等動(dòng)

26、詞賓語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果句子的主語(yǔ)是不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)時(shí)，要用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示被動(dòng)含義We have lots of homework to do Mary has two kids to look after動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ) 特殊語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)2 當(dāng)不定式修飾 buy, get, give 等動(dòng)詞的間接賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果間接賓語(yǔ)是不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)，要用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示被動(dòng)含義動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ) 特殊語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)I will give you a book to readI buy him a pint of beer to drink 動(dòng)詞不定式在句中可起名詞, 形容詞或副詞的作用因此，動(dòng)詞不定式在句子中可以做: 主語(yǔ),

27、賓語(yǔ), 表語(yǔ), 定語(yǔ), 狀語(yǔ) 和 補(bǔ)語(yǔ)She went to Shang Hai to visit TomI am glad to meet you I visited him only to find him out 動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語(yǔ) 原因狀語(yǔ)目的狀語(yǔ)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語(yǔ) 1 不定式作目的狀語(yǔ) 最常見(jiàn)用法 I went to Bei Jing to find a jobTo pass my exam, I study hard不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果放在主句的后面，不用逗號(hào)與主句隔開(kāi)in order (not) to, so as (not) to 不定式作目的狀語(yǔ) 其他連接詞動(dòng)詞不定式

28、作狀語(yǔ) I study hard in order to pass my examI study hard in order not to fail my examHe ran so fast as to catch the first bus. He ran so fast as not to miss the bus 2 不定式作原因狀語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞不定式作原因狀語(yǔ)時(shí)經(jīng)常放在表示情感的形容詞如： happy, delighted, glad, pleased, sorry, lucky, proud 等后面，這種用法表示產(chǎn)生上述情感的原因 I am sorry to tell y

29、ou the bad newsI am so happy to meet you3 不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語(yǔ) 不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)一般與only 和 never 等詞連用表事先沒(méi)有預(yù)料到的結(jié)果。He searched the room only to find nothing. After the separation, they never to meet each other again. 動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語(yǔ) 4 不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)的其他用法 tooto. 句型 形容詞 / 副詞 + enough to do.too. to. 句型 太.而不能動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語(yǔ) The box is too

30、 small to hold all these apples 注意：too to 結(jié)構(gòu)中， 如果不定式前有willing, delighted, happy, glad等形容詞時(shí)，too.to. 結(jié)構(gòu)表示肯定 I am too happy to leave.She is too delighted to see him again. 形容詞 / 副詞 + enough to do.動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語(yǔ) She was lucky enough to find her purseWe ran fast enough to catch the bus動(dòng)詞不定式在句中可起名詞, 形容詞或副詞的作用因此，動(dòng)詞不定式在句子中可以做: 主語(yǔ), 賓語(yǔ), 表語(yǔ), 定語(yǔ), 狀語(yǔ) 和 補(bǔ)語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) advise, allow, appoint, believe, cause, challenge, command, consider, declare, drive, enabl