高考英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)知識(shí)點(diǎn)考查高考英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)真題

1、第 PAGE13 頁(yè) 共 NUMPAGES13 頁(yè)高考英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)知識(shí)點(diǎn)考察高考英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)真題高中英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)是一項(xiàng)考察高中學(xué)生多方面英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言知識(shí)，學(xué)科語(yǔ)言多種技能的綜合性高考題型。短文改錯(cuò)的目的是測(cè)試考生發(fā)現(xiàn)、判斷、糾正一些詞法、句法以及語(yǔ)篇中的行文邏輯等方面錯(cuò)誤的才能。接下來(lái)WTT了高考英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)知識(shí)點(diǎn)考察，吧。高考英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)知識(shí)點(diǎn)考察：萬(wàn)能公式1.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的錯(cuò)誤是歷年考試的重點(diǎn)和熱點(diǎn)，常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞錯(cuò)誤類型有：一般如今時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)錯(cuò)用;and前后動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)不一致;主謂不一致;缺少動(dòng)詞,特別是be動(dòng)詞;第三人稱單數(shù)形式錯(cuò)用;主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)錯(cuò)用。2.名詞的常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤：?jiǎn)螐?fù)數(shù)名詞錯(cuò)用，可數(shù)名

2、詞與不可數(shù)名詞錯(cuò)用。3.連詞錯(cuò)誤：連詞包括關(guān)系代詞、副詞，并列連詞and/or/but等。關(guān)于連詞，一般考察從句關(guān)系：who/whom/whose/what/which/how/why/when/where/if/whether等。4.冠詞錯(cuò)誤：誤用a和an(根據(jù)單詞的第一個(gè)音素來(lái)斷定);誤用a/an和the(固定搭配，或泛指、特指;多冠詞或少冠詞)5.形容詞和副詞錯(cuò)誤：系動(dòng)詞后用形容詞(be/am/is/are/was/were/bee/go/感官性動(dòng)詞smell/feel);詞性的誤用(形容詞修飾名詞;副詞修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞)。6.代詞錯(cuò)誤：代詞的主格和賓格(I/me;he/him;she/

3、her;we/us they/them)錯(cuò)誤;反身代詞(myself/yourself/himself/herself/themselves/ourselves)使用錯(cuò)誤;代詞的單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)使用錯(cuò)誤;代詞指代錯(cuò)誤;多代詞或少代詞。7.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤：不定式、動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)時(shí);and連接的不定式或動(dòng)名詞前后不一致(尤其間隔 較遠(yuǎn)時(shí));介詞后用動(dòng)名詞形式作賓語(yǔ);某些動(dòng)詞后要求接動(dòng)名詞或不定式。8.介詞錯(cuò)誤：詞組中的介詞誤用;介詞意思理解偏向;介詞的多用或少用高考英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)知識(shí)點(diǎn)考察：口訣動(dòng)詞形，名詞數(shù);注意形和副;非謂動(dòng)詞細(xì)區(qū)分;習(xí)慣用法要記住;句子成分多分析p ;邏輯錯(cuò)誤須關(guān)注。1、動(dòng)

4、詞形主要包括兩類錯(cuò)誤：動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤，以及主、謂不一致的錯(cuò)誤。例如：My favourite sport is football.I was member of our school football team.Now my picture and prize is hanging in the library.(are)上述兩例分別屬于時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤和主、謂不一致錯(cuò)誤。找出此類錯(cuò)誤的關(guān)鍵是樹立結(jié)實(shí)的時(shí)態(tài)概念，注意短文內(nèi)容發(fā)生或存在的時(shí)間，保持時(shí)間概念的一致性。2、名詞數(shù)指名詞單、復(fù)數(shù)形式的用法錯(cuò)誤。常表現(xiàn)為將名詞復(fù)數(shù)寫成單數(shù)。例如：.so that Ill get good marks in

5、 all my subject.(subjects)3、區(qū)分形和副即區(qū)分形容詞和副詞在句子中的作用和詳細(xì)用法。這也是高考短文改錯(cuò)的?？键c(diǎn)。例如：Im sure well have a wonderfully time together.(wonderful)Unfortunate, there are too many people in my family.(Unfortunately)需要注意的是，形容詞多用來(lái)做定、表、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)等，而副詞只能在句子中作狀語(yǔ)，修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子。第一例中的wonderful作定語(yǔ)修飾time，第二句的Unfortunately作狀語(yǔ)修飾整個(gè)句子。4

6、、非謂動(dòng)詞細(xì)區(qū)分這是考察最多的錯(cuò)誤形式之一。主要有分詞和動(dòng)名詞類錯(cuò)誤，也包括不定式類錯(cuò)誤。例如：.in my spare time, but now I am interesting in football.(interested)Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also .(playing)My parents love me.and will do all they can make sure.(to)上述二、三例分別是動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)，和不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。一般的，如今分詞有主動(dòng)態(tài)和進(jìn)展時(shí)的含義，而過(guò)去分詞

7、具有被動(dòng)態(tài)和完成時(shí)的含義，不定式有將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)的含義。5、習(xí)慣用法要記住主要考察習(xí)慣搭配方面的根底知識(shí)。這也是歷年高考的?？键c(diǎn)，其錯(cuò)誤表現(xiàn)形式主要有三種：多詞、少詞和搭配錯(cuò)誤。例如：It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway station and.(of)We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ourselves.(of)6、句子成分多分析p 不同的句子成分要用不同的詞類;不同的語(yǔ)景要選擇不同的詞語(yǔ)。這些都有待我們對(duì)句子構(gòu)造和句子成分作細(xì)致的分析p ，才能找出用詞不當(dāng)

8、的錯(cuò)誤。例如：Theyeager to know everything about China and.(were)I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China.(which)第一例漏掉了謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞were，這是受寒于習(xí)慣的影響而導(dǎo)致的錯(cuò)誤;第二例那么是詞類與它在句子中的成分不相符，where是副詞，不能作主語(yǔ)。7、邏輯錯(cuò)誤須關(guān)注與句子的上、下文不一致，甚至相矛盾，屬于邏輯性錯(cuò)誤。如稱謂上的張冠李戴，人名、地名、時(shí)間、方位等方面的錯(cuò)誤，常是這類錯(cuò)誤的考察對(duì)象。例如：The Smiths did his best to make me feel

9、at home.(their)First, let me tell you something more about myself.(去掉more).no way of setting the matter e_cept by selling the set.Now someone at home reads instead.(everyone)上述第一例中的主語(yǔ)是Smiths(史密斯夫婦倆)，因此后面的his不合邏輯。第二例中的more在這兒表“再”的意思，才開場(chǎng)告訴別人，怎么能說(shuō)“再告訴你一些事”?第三例講的是為理解決看電視時(shí)的爭(zhēng)端，“我們”把電視機(jī)賣了;晚上沒(méi)電視看了，所以與從前一樣，大

10、家又都讀書了，所以該用everyone。除了上述錯(cuò)誤類型外，?？嫉腻e(cuò)誤形式還有：連詞but, and, or和so的用法錯(cuò)誤(可以歸類為邏輯錯(cuò)誤)，以及冠詞的用法錯(cuò)誤等。例如：She was smiling but nodding at me.(and)It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest.(or)We may be one family and live under a same roof.(the)高考英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)知識(shí)點(diǎn)考察：設(shè)題1.動(dòng)詞：主要考察時(shí)態(tài)、主謂一致和固定搭配。時(shí)態(tài)混用Then the troub

11、le started.We cant open the door.So we asked the policeman for help.很顯然此段的主時(shí)態(tài)是一般過(guò)去式，因此應(yīng)把cant改為couldnt.主謂不一致There were a football game on TV last Saturday evening.a football game決定了謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，故應(yīng)該把were改為was.固定搭配He had little money left, so he had to give up buy the puter.give up doing sth.是固定用法，故動(dòng)詞buy應(yīng)該改

12、為buying.2.名詞：主要考察單復(fù)數(shù)混用。Helen is seventeen year old.She is very busy.表示“年齡多大了”應(yīng)該為復(fù)數(shù)形式，故應(yīng)把year改為years.3.形容詞/副詞：主要考察兩者之間是否混用。副詞代替正確形容詞During the football season, Helen is much busier than usually.很明顯是“與平時(shí)相比擬更忙”，因此需要把usually改為usual.形容詞代替正確副詞As the time clock showed one minute and forty-two seconds left

13、in the game, she began cheering e_cited, “e on - get going!”顯然應(yīng)把e_cited改為e_citedly,用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞cheer.4.介詞：主要考察固定搭配，特別是動(dòng)詞和介詞的搭配。介詞遺漏Im sure you will get rid the sorrow and unhappiness caused by the disaster.get rid of 是固定搭配，意為“擺脫，除去”。介詞多余My wife is also happy because of I have given up smoking.這里顯然是區(qū)分becau

14、se of與because的用法。前者不能接句子，而后者充當(dāng)連詞可以接句子，故應(yīng)該把of去掉。介詞錯(cuò)用(一般為固定搭配)I pick out her false hair and said, “Dont be sad, Miss.”pick out改為pick up.pick out挑選;pick up撿起。5.連詞：主要考察句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系。?？嫉娜N關(guān)系主要是：轉(zhuǎn)折 (but)、并列(and)和因果(because)。One day, my wife and I went shopping at a store.We drove the car but we had a lot of t

15、hings to buy.顯然，句意為“我們開車去的原因是因?yàn)槲覀円I很多東西”，所以應(yīng)該把but改為because / as / for.6.句式：主要考察that與what或which / how與what之間的轉(zhuǎn)換。這是短文改錯(cuò)的常考點(diǎn)。She never has enough time for that she wants to do.句意為：她沒(méi)有足夠多的時(shí)間來(lái)做自己想做的事情。很明顯應(yīng)該把that改為what.7.冠詞：主要考察冠詞是否多余或遺漏。冠詞多余So I went to sell newspapers after the school.“放學(xué)后”應(yīng)該用after scho

16、ol表示，故此處定冠詞多余，應(yīng)去掉the.冠詞遺漏As we all left home at early age, we met lots of problems in our daily life.at an early age表示“很小的時(shí)候”，故early前應(yīng)加不定冠詞。8.代詞：主要考察代詞是否多余或遺漏，以及代詞之間的混用。代詞多余Dont lose your heart if you fail in the e_am.lose heart表示“泄氣，喪失勇氣”，而lose ones heart to sb./ sth.表示“愛(ài)上，鐘情于”。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，此處很明顯是指“別泄氣”，故應(yīng)該把your去掉。代詞遺漏A teacher could make classes lively and interesting.應(yīng)該在classes前加his