八年級(jí)英語動(dòng)詞不定式用法梳理

1、 八年級(jí)英語動(dòng)詞不定式用法梳理動(dòng)詞不定式是由“不定式符號(hào)to+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成的一種非謂語動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)。有些動(dòng)詞不定式不帶to,動(dòng)詞不定式可以作句子的主語、表語、賓語、定語、補(bǔ)語、狀語或單獨(dú)使用。不定式保留動(dòng)詞的某些特性,可以有自己的賓語、狀語等。動(dòng)詞不定式和它后面的賓語、狀語等一起構(gòu)成短語,叫作不定式短語。一、用作主語多數(shù)情況用it作形式主語，把真正的主語一一動(dòng)詞不定式置于句末,特別是不定式短語較長時(shí)。動(dòng)詞不定式作主語,謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。疑問詞+不定式短語作主語可置于句首，復(fù)合不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作主語常置于句末。如：Itisourdutytotryourbesttodealwiththesepr

2、oblems.Theheadteachersaiditwasnecessarytotalkwithhismother.HowtolearnEnglishwellisimportant.Toseeistobelieve.（眼見為實(shí)；百聞不如一見）二、用作表語動(dòng)詞不定式作表語，常說明主語的內(nèi)容、性質(zhì)、特征。如：ThebestwayistojoinanEnglishclub.Thefirstthingistolistentotheteachercarefully.三、用作賓語1.可以接帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞主要有：要求選擇同意(ask,choose,agree),期望決定學(xué)習(xí)(expect,

3、hope,decide,learn),寧可假裝知道(prefer,pretend,know),希望想要愿意(wish,want,wouldlike/love)。如：Wedecidedtotalktosomestudentsaboutwhytheygothere.Hepreferstoeatwhitebreadandrice.IdlovetovisitMexico.2.動(dòng)詞decide,know,learn,show,teach,tell.,介詞結(jié)構(gòu)on.可用疑問詞帶to的不定式短語作賓語,但why后面的不定式不帶to。如：Couldyoupleasetellmewheretoparkmycar

4、?Itgivesadviceonwhattodoinlotsofdifferentsituations.動(dòng)詞feel,find,make,think等后面,可以用it作形式賓語代替真正的賓語動(dòng)詞不定式,句子結(jié)構(gòu)是.feel/find/make/.it+adj./n.+todo.。如：感知?jiǎng)釉~like,love,know等一般不用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。5后接動(dòng)詞不定式或ving形式作賓語，意思差別較大的動(dòng)詞有forget,remember等。后接不定式作賓語,表動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生；后接ving形式作賓語,表動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生。stoptodo停下來做另外一件事，todo是目的狀語；stopdoing停止做、不做當(dāng)前這件

5、事，doing是賓語。trytodo盡力做，trydoing試試看；goontodo接著做另外的事，goondoing繼續(xù)做原來的事。如：WhenIlefthome,Iforgottobringitwithme.Istoppedusingthemlastyear.四、用作定語句子的主語或賓語是動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯主語，不定式與其所修飾的名詞、代詞等存在邏輯的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系.1)Ihavesomanyclothestowashtoday.2)Icantthinkofanygoodadvicetogiveher.3)Wehavenohousestolivein.動(dòng)詞不定式所修飾的名詞是place,time,

6、way等時(shí)，不定式與這些名詞呈現(xiàn)出動(dòng)狀關(guān)系或同位關(guān)系。如：l)Heneedstimetodohomework.2)Hewantstoknowthebestwaytotravelaroundthecity.在“therebe.”句型里，句子的主語是動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)作的對(duì)象：1)Theresjustsomuchtoseeanddohere.2).buttherearestillmanythingstodothe五、用作賓語補(bǔ)足語1.帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞主要有：要求允許提議(ask,allow,advise)，期望邀請(qǐng)鼓勵(lì)(expect,invite,encourage)，教導(dǎo)告訴想要(

7、teach,tell,want)，等待希望愿意(waitfor,wish,wouldlike/love)。如：1)Idinvitehertohavedinneratmyhouse.2Weshouldallowthechildrentochoosetheirownclothes.2動(dòng)詞不定式作補(bǔ)語，在主動(dòng)語態(tài)句里不帶to,被動(dòng)語態(tài)句里帶to時(shí)多數(shù)動(dòng)詞是感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞，包括四“看”：lookat,observe,see,watch,三“讓”：have,let,make,二“聽”：hear,listento,一“感覺”：feel,一“注意”：notice。如：1)Thispicturemakes

8、mefeelexcited！2)WesawLiuYuplaybaseballlastweek.3.help后接動(dòng)詞不定式作補(bǔ)語，to可帶可不帶。theycanhelpyoutolearnEnglish.UsingemailEnglishhelpsyouwritequickly.六、用作狀語目的狀語,置于句首或句末,置于句首時(shí)常表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。如Inordertocatchtheearlybus,shegotupveryearly.Agroupofyoungpeoplegottogethertodiscussthisquestion.Shecametothiscitytovisitherdaughte

9、r.原因狀語,多見于“sb.+be+adj.+todo.”結(jié)構(gòu)句中。如：Ifeelveryluckytohavehim.heranoutofmoneytobuyoldbikes.3結(jié)果狀語，多見于“tooto”，“enoughto”結(jié)構(gòu)句中。如：1)Imtootiredtodoitwell.2)Theroomisbigenoughforthreepeopletolivein.七、動(dòng)詞不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)詞不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)是“for/ofsb.todosth.”，for/of引出不定式動(dòng)作的邏輯主語。這種結(jié)構(gòu)在句子中可以作主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語等。不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的介詞用for還是of,主要決

10、定于前面形容詞的性質(zhì)。一般說來，of前面的形容詞是careful,clever,foolish,good,kind,nice,wise等，既說明人的特性，又說明不定式動(dòng)作的特性。for前面的形容詞是dangerous,difficult,easy,hard,heavy,important,interesting,necessary等，一般說明不定式動(dòng)作的特性，前面如果是名詞用for。如：1.Itsagoodideaforparentstoallowchildrentostudyingroupsduringtheevening.2.Itswiseofhimtodoitwell.Isitinter

11、estingforthebabytoplaywithapetdog?八、帶疑問詞的不定式短語動(dòng)詞不定式前面可以帶疑問代詞what,which,who或疑問副詞how,when,where,why等。這種結(jié)構(gòu)起名詞的作用，在句子里用作賓語、主語、表語等，或者單獨(dú)使用。要注意的是，why后面的不定式不帶to。如：1.用作句子的成分。1）Idontknowwhattotrynext.（作賓語）2）Wheretogoisnotdecidedyet.（作主語）單獨(dú)使用時(shí)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)特殊疑問句。1）Whattodonext?（=Whatwillwe/youdonext?2）Whygothere?（=Whyd

12、owe/yougothere?九、動(dòng)詞不定式的否定式不定式的否定式是not/nevertodo.，不帶to的不定式的否定式是not/neverdo.如：Theydecidenottotalktoeachother.Hisparentstellhimnevertoplaysoccerinthestreet.隨堂練習(xí)一動(dòng)詞填空。1.Imgoingtolistentotheradio.Please（nottalk）anymore.2.Thestudents（do）theirhomeworkfromfourtofivethisafternoon.Thestudents（be）busynow.They（

13、have）anEnglishexamnextMonday.Marymust（look）afterherlittlesisterbecausesheistooyoung.（he）youwaitingforabusnow？Thiscoatisverycheap.I（take）itnow.Illtellhimaboutitwhenhe（come）back.Couldyoutellmehow.I（canget）toNo3Middleschool.Hesaidthatthenewteacher（give）thestudentsanEnglishlessonnow.I（milk）acowthreetime

14、s.Edisonsmother（teach）himherself.He（watch）TVonceaweek.Dontspeakloudly.Thebaby（sleep）.Iwontgooutuntil.I（finish）myhomework.Couldyoutellmewhenthetrain（arrive）.Ioftenhearthesoundofchildren（read）Englishintheroom.Heaskedme（help）himwithhisEnglishthisevening.Theirworkis（clean）thestreets.Didheenjoy（work）inCh

15、ina.Wewillstayathomeifit（rain）tomorrow.Bequiet！Theboy（sing）anEnglishsong.youyourhomeworkyet（start）？Who（teach）themEnglishlastterm.There（be）atelephonecallforyoujustnow.Pleasekeepeverything（clean）.Peterwonthavearestuntilhe（finish）hiswork.IwatchedTV，soI（forget）（do）myhomework.WhenI（walk）alongtheriver，Ime

16、tmyfriend，Tom.WhenMothercame，thelittlegirl（play）withacat.WhenIwasfive，I_（get）toknowtheearth（move）aroundthesun.They（see）aboy（fall）intotheriverwhilethey（pass）ityesterday.（study）hardatyourlessonsand（nottalk）inclass.You（have）better（noteat）thebadfood.WhileI_（do）myhomework，myparents_（watch）TV.He（notfinish

17、）（read）thebook.I（get）upveryearlythismorning.I（read）Englishnow.He（hurry）toschooleverymorning.Ourteacher（notstop）（work）untilelevenoclocklastnight.Ifhe（know）it，he（be）veryhappy.It（take）ushalfanhour（read）Englisheveryday.Thechildren（run）inthestreetnow.There（be）twomeetingstomorrowmorning.Myfather（sleep）whe

18、nI（get）upthismorning.WhenI（go）toseeTom，he（notwrite）anything.Sorry，whenyou（call）me，I（think）and（nothear）you.Mr.Green（leave）hisnotebookathomeyesterday.I（want）tobuyanewcoatnextSunday.Hisfather（read）newspaperwhenIgotthere.It（be）fiveyearssincehe（buy）themotorbike.Wefounditwasverydifficult（get）acar.51.Weare

19、soglad（hear）thenews.52.Isawhim（cross）theroadsafelyand（run）away.53.Youcantmakehim（do）whatyouwant.54.Idontknowwhere（meet）him.55.Whatmakesyou(think)Imafarmer?56.Didyouseehim(go)upstairs?57.Itisbetter(put)yourmoneyinabank.58.Itisdifficultfortheboy(swim)acrosstheriver.59.Ilethim(go)earlyashewanted(meet)h

20、isuncleatthestation.60.Willyouhelpme(move)thebed?61.Ifhedoesntknow,how(use)therecorder,youdbetter(show)him.62.Heisthelastone(leave)theofficeeveryday.63.Itsbadmanners(shout)inpublic.64.Theboyisoldenough(dress)himself.65.Sheistooill(go)toschool.二選擇題Tellhim_thewindow.A.toclosenotB.nottocloseC.tonotclose