動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)精講精練

1、動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞是非謂動(dòng)詞的又一種形式。它在形式上與現(xiàn)在分詞相同，都是在動(dòng)詞原形的詞末加-ing。在現(xiàn)代語(yǔ)法中，這兩種形式同視為-ing形式。 這兩種形式的另一個(gè)相同之處是：它們都是由動(dòng)詞變化而成的，它們都保留了動(dòng)詞的某些特征，它們都能帶自己的賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)，而構(gòu)成動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)或是現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)去擔(dān)當(dāng)句子成分。動(dòng)名詞 - 概述 動(dòng)名詞是非限定動(dòng)詞的一種形式，由動(dòng)詞原形+ing構(gòu)成。它既有動(dòng)詞的特征，又有名詞的特征，故稱。動(dòng)名詞也有時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化，如表所示（以及物動(dòng)詞write為例），不及物動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化。 時(shí)態(tài)/語(yǔ)態(tài) 主動(dòng) 被動(dòng) 一般式 writing being writte

2、n 完成式 having writtenhaving been written 動(dòng)名詞 - 動(dòng)名詞的結(jié)構(gòu)和形式 一、動(dòng)名詞的否定結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)名詞的否定結(jié)構(gòu)由not加動(dòng)名詞組成。如： 1.Trying without success is better than not trying at all. 實(shí)驗(yàn)沒(méi)有成功也比不實(shí)驗(yàn)好。 2.He hated himself for not having work hard. 他悔恨自己沒(méi)有用功。 3.Im sorry for not having telephoned you before. 很抱歉，沒(méi)有早給你打電話。 4.He felt sorry for

3、not having done the work well. 他為沒(méi)有把工作做好感到難過(guò)。 5.I fancy it has done you a lot of good not going. 我看不去對(duì)你倒好了。（not going 是動(dòng)名詞一般式的否定形式） 6.There is no denying the fact that he is diligent. （no denying 也是動(dòng)名詞一般式的否定） 二、動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)通常情況下，動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的主語(yǔ)。如果動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者不是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的主語(yǔ)時(shí)，則需要有自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)物主代詞或名詞所有格加動(dòng)名詞就構(gòu)成了動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)

4、，這種結(jié)構(gòu)在句中可以作主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)等。 （1）邏輯主語(yǔ)是有生命的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，必須用名詞或代詞所有格，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)（尤其在口語(yǔ)中），也可用名詞普通格或人稱代詞賓格。如： 1.Do you think my going there will be of any help? 你看我去會(huì)有什么幫助嗎？（賓語(yǔ)） 2.The students knowing English well helps him in learning French. 這位學(xué)生通曉英語(yǔ)對(duì)他學(xué)法語(yǔ)很有幫助。（主語(yǔ)） 3.Do you mind my(me) smoking ? 你介意我抽煙嗎？（賓語(yǔ)） 4.They insist on

5、Marys (Mary) going with them there. 他們堅(jiān)持要瑪麗跟他們一起去那兒。（介詞賓語(yǔ)） （2）邏輯主語(yǔ)是無(wú)生命名詞是，通常只用名詞普通格。如： 1.Do you hear the rain pattering on the roof? 你聽(tīng)見(jiàn)雨點(diǎn)打在屋頂上了嗎？ 2.Is there any hope of our team winning the match ? 我們對(duì)贏得比賽有希望嗎？ (3) 邏輯主語(yǔ)是指示代詞或不定代詞this， that , somebody , someone , nobody, none, anybody, anyone 時(shí)，只用普通

6、格。如： She was woken up by somebody shouting outside. 她被外面喊叫的人吵醒了。三、動(dòng)名詞的形式（一般式，完成式和被動(dòng)式）(1) 動(dòng)名詞的一般式所表示的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，或在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之后。如： 1.We are very interested in collecting stamps. 我們對(duì)集郵很感興趣。 2.His coming will be of great help to us . 他來(lái)對(duì)我們大有幫助。 但是有些明確表示時(shí)間的動(dòng)詞和介詞after, on, upon, 或for之后，常用一般式代替完成式，表示

7、動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前。如： 1.I shall never forget seeing the Great Wall for the first time. 我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記第一次看到長(zhǎng)城的情景。 2.On hearing that bad news , the mother couldnt help crying. 一聽(tīng)到這個(gè)糟糕的消息，母親就禁不住哭了起來(lái)。 3.Excuse me for coming late. 我來(lái)晚了，請(qǐng)?jiān)彙?4.Thank you for giving us so much help. 謝謝你給了我們這么多幫助。 (2) 動(dòng)名詞的完成式所表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)

8、詞之前完成或結(jié)束。 1.He regrets not having taken part in the work. 他后悔沒(méi)有參加這項(xiàng)工作。 2.We were praised for having finished the work ahead of time. 我們因提前完成了這項(xiàng)工作而受到了表?yè)P(yáng)。 (3)動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式：當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)是行為承受者時(shí)，用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如： 1.I like being given harder work. 我喜歡接受難點(diǎn)的工作。 2.She is proud of being admitted into the university. 她為被大學(xué)錄取而感到

9、自豪。 3.The meeting was put off without his having been consulted. 會(huì)議延期并未和他商量。 4.He doesnt mind having been criticized. 他不介意過(guò)去受到的批評(píng)。 四、動(dòng)名詞 - 動(dòng)名詞的作用 動(dòng)名詞具有名詞的性質(zhì)，因此在句中可以作 HYPERLINK /wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E8%AF%AD o 主語(yǔ) 主語(yǔ)、 HYPERLINK /wiki/%E8%A1%A8%E8%AF%AD o 表語(yǔ) 表語(yǔ)、 HYPERLINK /wiki/%E5%AE%BE%E8%AF%AD o 賓語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等

10、。1、作主語(yǔ)1.Reading is an art. 讀書(shū)是一種藝術(shù)。2.Climbing mountains is really fun. 爬山是真有趣。3.Working in these conditions is not a pleasure but a suffer. 在這種工作條件下工作不是愉快而是痛苦。動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)，有時(shí)先用it作形式主語(yǔ)，把動(dòng)名詞置于句末。這種用法在習(xí)慣句型中常用。如：1.It is no use/no good crying over spilt milk. 灑掉的牛奶哭也沒(méi)用。2.It is a waste of time persuading such a

11、 person to join us. 勸說(shuō)這樣的人加入真是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。3.It was hard getting on the crowded street car. 上這種擁擠的車真難。4.It is fun playing with children. 和孩子們一起玩真好。5.There is no joking about such matters. 對(duì)這種事情不是開(kāi)玩笑。動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)的幾種類型動(dòng)名詞可以在句子中充當(dāng)名詞所能充當(dāng)?shù)亩喾N句子成分。在這里僅就動(dòng)名詞在句子中作主語(yǔ)的情況進(jìn)行討論。動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)有如下幾種常見(jiàn)情況：1. 直接位于句首做主語(yǔ)。例如：Swimming is a good

12、 sport in summer.2. 用 it 作形式主語(yǔ)，把動(dòng)名詞(真實(shí)主語(yǔ))置于句尾作后置主語(yǔ)。動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，不太常用 it 作先行主語(yǔ)，多見(jiàn)于某些形容詞及名詞之后。例如：It is no use telling him not to worry.常見(jiàn)的能用于這種結(jié)構(gòu)的形容詞還有：better，wonderful，enjoyable，interesting，foolish，difficult，useless，senseless，worthwhile，等。注意：important，essential，necessary 等形容詞不能用于上述結(jié)構(gòu)。3. 用于“There be”結(jié)構(gòu)中。例如

13、：There is no saying when hell come.很難說(shuō)他何時(shí)回來(lái)。4. 用于布告形式的省略結(jié)構(gòu)中。例如：No smoking ( =No smoking is allowed (here) ).No parking.5. 動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞有自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)時(shí)，?？梢栽谇懊婕由弦粋€(gè)名詞或代詞的所有格，構(gòu)成動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)(這時(shí)，名詞或代詞的所有格做動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ))。動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)也可以在句中作主語(yǔ)。例如：Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.6.例詞shopping fishing cycl

14、ing這些都是很常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞 - 動(dòng)名詞作與動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)的比較 動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)名詞都可以用作主語(yǔ)。在意義上相近。但動(dòng)名詞多用來(lái)表示泛指或抽象動(dòng)作，不定式多用來(lái)表示特指或具體動(dòng)作。比較：Smoking is not good for health. It is not good for you to smoke so much.注意：1)在口語(yǔ)中，用動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)位于句首的較不定式多見(jiàn)。2)在“It is no use.”，“It is no good.”，“It is fun.”，“It is a waste of time.”等句型中，通常用動(dòng)名詞作真實(shí)主語(yǔ)：It is no use

15、/good/a waste of time talking about that.*It is no use/good/a waste of time to talk about that.3)在疑問(wèn)句中，通常用動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，而不用不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)：Does your saying that mean anything to him？*Does it for you to say that mean anything to him？4)在“There be”句型中，只能用動(dòng)名詞，而不能用不定式作主語(yǔ)：There is no telling what will happen.It is

16、 impossible to tell what will happen.5)當(dāng)句子中的主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)都是非限定動(dòng)詞時(shí)，要遵循前后一致的原則，主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)在形式上要求統(tǒng)一：Seeing is believing.*To see is to believe.2、作賓語(yǔ)（1）作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)某些動(dòng)詞后出現(xiàn)非限定性動(dòng)詞時(shí)只能用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，不能用不定式。常見(jiàn)的此類動(dòng)詞有：advise， allow， permit， avoid， consider， enjoy， finish， give up， cannot help， imagine， include， keep， keep on， mind， miss，

17、 put off， delay， practise， resist， suggest， depend on， think about， set about， succeed in， worry about， burst out， insist on， cant stand， be used to， get used to， devoteto， look forward to， pay attention to， get down to等。如：They went on walking and never stopped talking. 他們繼續(xù)走，說(shuō)個(gè)不停。I found it pleasan

18、t walking along the seashore. 在海灘上走真是樂(lè)事。（2）作介詞的賓語(yǔ)We are thinking of making a new plan for the next term. 我們正考慮為下學(xué)期制定新的計(jì)劃。Shall we have a rest or get down to doing our work？ 我們休息呢還是開(kāi)始干活？（3）作形容詞的賓語(yǔ)The music is well worth listening to more than once. 這種曲子很值得多聽(tīng)?zhēng)妆?。We are busy preparing for the coming spo

19、rts meet. 我們正為馬上到來(lái)的運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)忙著做準(zhǔn)備。3、作表語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)句子主語(yǔ)常是表示無(wú)生命的事物的名詞或what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句。表語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞與主語(yǔ)通常是對(duì)等的關(guān)系，表示主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容，主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)可互換位置。Your task is cleaning the windows. 你的任務(wù)就是擦窗戶。(Cleaning the windows is your task.)What I hate most is being laughed at. 我最痛恨的就是被別人嘲笑。 (Being laughed at is what I hate most.)4、作定語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)往往表示被修飾詞的某

20、種用途。如：a walking stick a stick for walking=a stick which is used for walkinga washing machine=a machine for washing=a machine which is used for washinga reading room=a room for reading=a room which is used for readinga measuring tape=a tape for measuring=a tape which is used for measuringsleeping pil

21、ls=pills for sleeping=pills which is used for sleeping五、動(dòng)名詞 - 動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ) 帶有邏輯主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)名詞稱為動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子的主語(yǔ)不一致時(shí)，要在動(dòng)名詞之前加上物主代詞或名詞所有格，這便構(gòu)成了動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。其中物主代詞（名詞所有格）是邏輯上的主語(yǔ)，動(dòng)名詞是邏輯上的謂語(yǔ)。動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等，分別相當(dāng)于一個(gè)主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句。如：1.Her coming to help encouraged all of us. 他來(lái)幫忙鼓舞了我。 (=That she came to help

22、 encouraged all of us.)2.Janes being careless caused so much trouble. 簡(jiǎn)這么粗心惹來(lái)了不少麻煩。 (=That Jane was careless caused so much trouble.)3.Whats troubling them is their not having enough food. 煩擾他們的是食物不足。 (=What troubling them is that they have no enough food.)在口語(yǔ)中，如果動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語(yǔ)，其中的物主代詞常用人稱代詞賓格，名詞所有格常用名詞

23、普通格來(lái)代替，但在句首作主語(yǔ)時(shí)不能這樣來(lái)代替。如：1.Would you mind my/me using your computer？ 用下你的電腦介意嗎？2.The father insisted on his sons/his son going to college. 爸爸堅(jiān)決要求兒子上大學(xué)。3.Marys (不可用Mary) being ill made her mother upset. 瑪麗病了，使她媽媽很著急。4.His (不可用Him)smoking made his family angry. 他抽煙使他一家人非常生氣。在下列情況下動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)必須用名詞的普通格或人稱代

24、詞賓語(yǔ)：a.無(wú)生命名詞The baby was made awake by the door suddenly shutting. 這個(gè)嬰兒被猛烈的關(guān)門聲吵醒。b. 有生命名詞但表示泛指意義Have you ever heard of women practising boxing？ 你聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)婦女練拳擊嗎？c. 兩個(gè)以上的有生命名詞并列Do you remember your parents and me telling about this？ 你記得你父母和我都告訴過(guò)你這事嗎？動(dòng)名詞 - 動(dòng)名詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài) 動(dòng)名詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)如下：時(shí)態(tài) 一般式 完成式 否定形式主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) writing ha

25、ving written not doing/not having done被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) being written having been written not being done/not having done1、動(dòng)名詞一般式表示的動(dòng)作通常是一般性動(dòng)作，即不是明確地發(fā)生在過(guò)去、現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的動(dòng)作，或是與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如：I hate talking with such people. 我討厭與這樣的人說(shuō)話。Being careless is not a good habit. 粗心不是一個(gè)好習(xí)慣。2、動(dòng)名詞的完成式表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作之前。如：I dont re

26、member having met him before. 我記不得以前見(jiàn)過(guò)他。Thank you for having taking so much trouble to help. 謝謝你費(fèi)力幫忙。3、動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)同時(shí)也是動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)作的承受者，動(dòng)名詞用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。（1）它的一般式表示的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，或在其前發(fā)生。如：I dont like being laughed at in public. 在公共場(chǎng)合下，我不喜歡被別人嘲笑。（2）它的完成式表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前。如：I am very pleased at your having been honoured wit

27、h a medal. 我很高興你能獲得這樣的獎(jiǎng)牌。（3）某些動(dòng)詞，我們常用動(dòng)名詞的一般式表示完成式，盡管動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作之前,是一種強(qiáng)大的習(xí)慣。如：1.Excuse me for being late. 我來(lái)晚了請(qǐng)你原諒。2.I dont remember ever meeting somewhere. 我記不得原來(lái)在什么地方見(jiàn)過(guò)。3.Thank you for giving us so much help. 謝謝給我們這么大的幫助。（4）在多數(shù)情況下都避免使用動(dòng)名詞被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)完成式，而用一般式代替，以免句子顯得累贅，尤其是在口語(yǔ)中。如：I forget once being taken

28、(having been taken ) to the city zoo. 我曾被帶到過(guò)這個(gè)動(dòng)物園，可我忘了。（5）動(dòng)名詞被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般式與現(xiàn)在分詞被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般式同形，但無(wú)進(jìn)行意義，being不可省略。如：She is afraid of being taken to the public. 她怕被領(lǐng)到大眾面前。動(dòng)名詞 - 常見(jiàn)題型 1） 動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為單數(shù)2） 在動(dòng)名詞和不定式中，作為介詞的賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)名詞3） 動(dòng)名詞的否定直接在其前加否定詞，通過(guò)代詞的賓格或所有格形式給出邏輯主語(yǔ)例：I would appreciate_ back this afternoon.Ayou to cal

29、l Byou call Cyou calling Dyoure calling（Key：C；換成your calling也對(duì)）4） 有些詞后只能接動(dòng)名詞admit； appreciate； avoid； celebrate； consider； contemplate； defer； delay； deny； detest； discontinue； dislike； dispute； enjoy； it entails； escape； excuse； explain； fancy； feel like； finish； forgive； cant help； hinder； imagine

30、； it involves； keep； it means； mention； mind； miss； it necessitates； pardon； postpone； practice； prevent； recall； report； resent； resist； risk； suggest； understand.5） 另外還有一些接-ing形式的常用說(shuō)法its no good； its no/little/hardly any/ use； its not/hardly/scarcely use； its worthwhile； spend money/time； theres n

31、o； theres no point in； theres nothing worse than； whats the use/point.有很多動(dòng)詞后面既可以加上-ing形式，也可以用不定式。如：start, begin, like, love, hate, dislike, go on, stop, remember, forget, mean, regret, try, be afraid等。 比較一下這些動(dòng)詞加上動(dòng)名詞和不定式的區(qū)別： start和beginLets start/begin to swim. = Lets start/begin swimming.Lets start

32、our journey. Lets start the car.We are beginning/starting to work hard. They got up, beginning/starting to study.like, dislike, love, hateWe like painting in the open air. He hates talking with strangers.I love to show you around our school.I like singing very much but I dont like to sing right now

33、with so many people around me.go on to do和go on doingAfter eating two burgers, he went on to talk about his experience in Norway.Although it has been two hours, he is still going on talking about his life.stop to do和stop doingThe movie is on. Please stop making any sound. He didnt want to stop to mo

34、ve back to China.What he wants to do is to stop being silent to talk about the truth. remember to do和remember doingI remember sending the email. I dont know why he still hasnt got it.Remember to write every detail on your paper so that nothing can be missed.forget to do和forget doing I am terribly so

35、rry to have forgotten to send the email.I forgot sending the email. (Maybe I did, maybe not. I am not sure.) =I forgot whether I sent the email or not.He totally forgot that he had sent the email.mean to do和mean doingPlease dont cry. I didnt mean to hurt you. Price of daily food is going up, which m

36、eans paying more money.regret to do和regret doingI regret to say/to tell you/to inform you that you failed in the exam.Now she has already regretted marrying that rich man who was as old as her father.try to do和try doingHe has been trying to lose some weight but in vain. Try to make more friends in c

37、ollege.He tried calling him but no one answered.be afraid to do和be afraid of doingShe is afraid to go into the dark alley alone. They are afraid of losing more money.He is afraid to go back home because he is afraid of being punished by his parents.動(dòng)名詞 - 動(dòng)名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞的同與不同 動(dòng)名詞它在形式上與現(xiàn)在分詞相同，都是在動(dòng)詞原形的詞末加-ing

38、。在現(xiàn)代語(yǔ)法中，這兩種形式同視為“-ing形式”。 這兩種形式的另一個(gè)相同之處是：它們都是由動(dòng)詞變化而成的，它們都保留了動(dòng)詞的某些特征，它們都能帶自己的賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)，而構(gòu)成動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)或是現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)去擔(dān)當(dāng)句子成分。例如：Speaking in the public ， he will surely be very cheerful .（現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)，作狀語(yǔ)）他在公眾場(chǎng)所講話時(shí)總是興高采烈的。She hates speaking in the public. （動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)）她不喜歡在公眾場(chǎng)所講話。區(qū)別：1、動(dòng)名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞都可以用于系動(dòng)詞之后作表語(yǔ)，區(qū)別方法是：作表語(yǔ)的動(dòng)名詞與主語(yǔ)指的是同

39、一件事，此時(shí)系動(dòng)詞相當(dāng)于“是”，通常把主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)的位置互換，語(yǔ)法和意思不變，例如：My hobby is swimming.可改為Swimming is my hobby. (可將原句中的主語(yǔ)與表語(yǔ)位置互換)現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)主要用以說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)，不能與主語(yǔ)互換位置，例如：The story is interesting . 不可改為：Interesting is the story.動(dòng)名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞都可以用作定語(yǔ)來(lái)修飾名詞，兩者的區(qū)別在于：動(dòng)名詞修飾名詞時(shí)主要表示該名詞的用途，而現(xiàn)在分詞修飾名詞時(shí)性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)或動(dòng)作等。試比較：a swimming boy和a swimming suit前者的意思

40、是“一個(gè)正在游泳的男孩”，即a boy who is swimming ，現(xiàn)在分詞swimming 表示被修飾名詞boy的動(dòng)作；而后者的意思是“游泳衣”，即a suit for swimming ， 動(dòng)名詞swimming表示suit 的用途a sleeping child 和 a sleeping car前者的意思是“一個(gè)正在睡覺(jué)的孩子”，即a child who is sleeping ，現(xiàn)在分詞sleeping 表示被修飾名詞 child 正處于的狀態(tài)；而后者的意思是“臥車(被用來(lái)睡覺(jué)的車廂)”，即 a car which is used for sleeping ，動(dòng)名詞 sleepi

41、ng 表示car 的用途？動(dòng)名詞 - 動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ) 作主語(yǔ)。例如： Fighting broke out between the South and the North. 南方與北方開(kāi)戰(zhàn)了。 2）作賓語(yǔ) a. 有些動(dòng)詞可以用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。例如： admit承認(rèn) appreciate感激 avoid避免 complete完成 consider認(rèn) delay耽誤 deny否認(rèn) detest討厭 endure忍受 enjoy喜歡 escape逃脫 fancy想象 finish完成 imagine想象 mind介意 miss想念 postpone推遲 practice訓(xùn)練 recall回憶

42、 resent討厭 resume繼續(xù) resist抵抗 risk冒險(xiǎn) suggest建議 face面對(duì) include包括 stand忍受 understand理解 forgive寬恕 keep繼續(xù) 例如：Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please? 你把收音機(jī)音量調(diào)小一點(diǎn)，好嗎 The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught. 這松鼠幸運(yùn)得很，剛逃避了被逮住的厄運(yùn)。 b. 有些結(jié)構(gòu)后面可以用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)或其他成分。例如： admit to, preferto,

43、be used to, lead to, devote oneself to, object to, stick to, no good, no use, be fond of, look forward to, be proud of ,be busy ,cant help be tired of, be capable of, be afraid of, think of ,burst out, keep on, insist on, count on, set about, put off, be good at, take up, give up, be successful in 3

44、）作表語(yǔ)，對(duì)主語(yǔ)說(shuō)明、解釋。例如： Her job is washing, cleaning and taking care of the children. 她的工作是洗刷、清掃和照顧孩子。 比較：She is washing, cleaning and taking care of the children. 4）作定語(yǔ)，一般表示所修飾名詞事物的用途。例如： a writing desk=a desk for writing 寫(xiě)字臺(tái) a swimming pool=a pool swimming 游泳池 有些動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)，與所修飾的名詞關(guān)系比較復(fù)雜。例如： boiling point=a

45、temperature point at which something begins to boil 沸點(diǎn) a walking tractor=a tractor which a driver can operate while he or she is walking behind it 手扶拖拉機(jī) 動(dòng)詞ing形式作表語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)鞏固練習(xí)完成句子Its wrong of you to _ (讓機(jī)器開(kāi)著)。（run）What he said _ (令人信服的)，we can trust him.(convince)The news _ (令人感到驚訝的)，we were all as

46、tonished at it. (astonish)The building _ (正在建) is our new library. (build)He was caught _ (偷車) and sent to the police station. (steal)I saw him _ (正在玩游戲) when I passed. (play)Some old man have to walk with the help of _ sticks(拐杖). (walk)I found Mary _ (正向一個(gè)男孩兒低語(yǔ)) just now. (whisper)There were some

47、boys _ (在窗戶附近大聲喊叫)，so I couldnt fall asleep. (shout)A student will be immediately dismissed if he _ (被發(fā)現(xiàn)吸煙) in school.單項(xiàng)選擇1.Yesterday our head teacher made such an speech that we all felt . Aexciting； excitingBexcited； excitedCexciting； excitedDexcited； exciting2. When I caught him _me，I stopped buy

48、ing things there and started dealing with another shopAcheated Bcheating Cto cheat Dto have cheated3. The children _ the violin over there will go on the stage next week. A. playing B. play C. played D. to play4. The boy _ over there is my younger brother. Acried B. being cried C. crying D. to cry5.

49、 After a knock at the door, the child heard his mothers voice _ him. A. calling B. called C. being called D. to call6. He is a student at Oxford University, _ for a degree in computer science. A. studied B. studying C. to have studied D. to be studying7. Miss Johns habit is _ without through underst

50、anding. A. read B. being read C. to be read D. reading8. The tower _ the Warring States is well worth visiting. A. dated from B. dated back from C. dating from D. to date from9. With no rain for three months and food supplies _ out, the situation here is getting from bad to worse. A. run B. running

51、C. to run D. to be run10. Who would you like to see at the moment? The man _ Mr. Green.A. called himself B. we call him C. calling himself D. is called11. The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attracted the visitors to eh beauty of nature. A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt12. The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the _ A. 20 dollars remained B. 20 dollars to remain C. remained 20 dollars D. remaining 20 dollars13. The man _ there is our headmaster. Would you like to go over and say hello to him? A. stand B. to stand C. i