中考語(yǔ)法情態(tài)動(dòng)詞超詳細(xì)用法及練習(xí)

1、授課內(nèi)容：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞本身有各種意義，但不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，只能和主要?jiǎng)釉~一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ), 表示說(shuō)話人的語(yǔ)氣和情態(tài)，這樣的動(dòng)詞稱(chēng)為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的 變化。常用的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有 can, could, may, might, will, would, should, must, need, dare 等。常見(jiàn)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞詞義否認(rèn)形式詞義can能夠，會(huì)cant不能，不會(huì)could能夠，會(huì)couldnt不能，不會(huì)may可以may not/must必須mustnt不允許，不能shall將，要/should應(yīng)該shouldnt不應(yīng)該will將會(huì)wont不會(huì)would將會(huì)，愿wouldn

2、t不會(huì)，不愿用法特點(diǎn)它們必須與其他動(dòng)詞連用，即：肯定：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形：He can swim.否認(rèn)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+not+動(dòng)詞原形：He can not(can9t)swim.一般疑問(wèn)句：把情態(tài)動(dòng)詞提前：Can he swim?Yes,he can./No,he cant表示說(shuō)話人對(duì)所述動(dòng)作的看法，如需要、可能、意愿或懷疑等。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化，即第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)不加S有些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有時(shí)態(tài) 的變化在意義上，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞具有“多義性”。例：can既可表示能力，又可表示可能、允許等意義。一、can, could 的用法can的用法(1)表示能力、許可、可能性。如：Can you speak Engl

3、ish?你會(huì)講英語(yǔ)嗎？Can you play the piano?你會(huì)彈鋼琴嗎？ I can see with my eyes.我用眼睛看。She can swim fast, but I can5t.她能游得快，但我不能。(2)表示請(qǐng)求或者許可。如：Can I help you?我能幫助你嗎？ You cant play basketball.你不能玩籃球。Can you.? “請(qǐng)你好嗎？ ”表示說(shuō)話人的請(qǐng)求；Can I.? “我可以嗎？ ”用來(lái)征求對(duì)方是否允許自己做某事。如在句末加上 please一詞就顯得更有禮貌了。例如：Can you help me, please?請(qǐng)你幫助我好嗎？

4、 You can use my dictionary.你可以用 我的字典。(3)表示推測(cè)，意為“可能”，常用與否認(rèn)句和疑問(wèn)句中，此時(shí)can上譯為“不可 能如：Can the news be true?這個(gè)消息會(huì)是真的嗎？ The moon cant always be full. 月亮不可能常圓。一Can it be our teacher?那個(gè)人有可能是我們老師嗎？一No, it cant be our teacher. He is on a visit to the Great Wall.不可能。咱們老師正 在游覽長(zhǎng)城呢。could的用法can的過(guò)去式，意為“能、會(huì)”，表示過(guò)去的能力、可能

5、性或允許：如：He could write poems when he was 1。.他十歲時(shí)就會(huì)寫(xiě)詩(shī)。I could run faster then.那時(shí)我能跑得更快。It could be no better at that time.那時(shí)好 得不能再好了。(2)在疑問(wèn)句中，表示委婉的語(yǔ)氣，此時(shí)could沒(méi)有過(guò)去的意思。如：Could you do me a favour?你能幫我個(gè)忙嗎？一Could I use your pen?我能用一下你的鋼筆嗎？一Yes, you can.可以。(用 could 問(wèn)，不能用 could 答。)二、may, might 的用法.表示請(qǐng)求、許可，比ca

6、n正式，如：May I borrow your bike?我可以借你 的自行車(chē)嗎？.表示推測(cè)，談?wù)摽赡苄?，意為“可能，或許，一般用于肯定句中。如：It may rain tomorrow .明天可能會(huì)下雨。She may be at home.她可能在家呢.may not翻譯為“可能不”.may的過(guò)去式為might ,表示推測(cè)時(shí)?？赡苄缘陀趍ay。如：He is away from school. He might be sick.他離開(kāi)學(xué)校了,可能是他生病了。.表示希望、祈求、祝愿，?？勺g為“祝愿”。通常是用may+主+V例如：May you have a good time.祝你過(guò)得愉快。

7、May you be happy!祝你幸福!May you succeed!祝你成功！在回答以may引起的問(wèn)句時(shí)，多防止用這個(gè)詞，而用其它方式，如Yes, please. / Certainly. / Please dont./ YouM better not. / No, you mustnt等，以免顯得太嚴(yán)峻或 不客氣。三、must, have to 的用法(l).must表示主觀看法，意為“必須、一定”。如：You must stay here until I come back.在我回來(lái)之前你必須呆在這兒。Must I finish my homework right now?我必須現(xiàn)

8、在交作業(yè)嗎？(must引導(dǎo)的疑問(wèn) 句)肯定 回答：yes ,you must.否認(rèn)回答：No, you neednt/ dont have to其否認(rèn)形式mustift表示“ 一定不要”“千萬(wàn)別”“禁止，不許”.如：You mustn9t play with fire. 你不許玩火。You mustn,t be late.你一定不要遲 到。must表示有把握的推測(cè)，用于肯定句，指百分百肯定。如:The light is on, so he must be at home now.燈亮著，他現(xiàn)在肯定在家。(4)must和have to都有“必須”的含義，但側(cè)重點(diǎn)不同：must強(qiáng)調(diào)說(shuō)話者主觀(自己

9、)的看法。haveto強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀(外力作用)的需要，也可以翻譯為“不得不”。I must go to school and learn some Knowledge.我必須會(huì)學(xué)校上課學(xué)一些知識(shí)。(自 己要回)I have to go to school because the holiday is over,假期結(jié)束了我不得不回學(xué)校上課 Tomust沒(méi)有人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化,而have to有動(dòng)詞單三形式：has to和 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式：had to和將來(lái)時(shí):will have to must not二mustnt 表示禁止當(dāng)must提問(wèn)時(shí)，肯定回答用musto否認(rèn)回答用needrft和don* have

10、 to四、should的用法(1)用來(lái)提供幫助、提出建議，要求對(duì)方給出意見(jiàn)。如：Should I help you with the community affairs?我可以幫你做一些社區(qū)事務(wù) 嗎？Should we clean the classroom now?現(xiàn)在我們可以清掃教室嗎？(2)表達(dá)義務(wù)、職責(zé)等。如：I think todays children should really learn to respect their elders.我認(rèn)為今天的孩子應(yīng)該好好學(xué)習(xí)尊敬長(zhǎng)輩。should意為“應(yīng)該”，可表示勸告、建議、義務(wù)、責(zé)任等。should not=shouldn，t +do

11、 動(dòng)詞原形如：We should protect ourselves.我們應(yīng)該我們自己。You should (= ought to ) tell your mother about it at once. 你應(yīng)該立即把此事 告訴你媽媽。He should work harder.他應(yīng)該更加努力。You should help your mother with the housework.你應(yīng)該幫你母親做家務(wù)。五、will, would的用法表示“將、將要、自愿做.”等。如：People will die without air or water.人離開(kāi)水和空氣將會(huì)死的。I will do m

12、y best.我將會(huì)盡力而為。would like； Would like to do = want to 想要，為固定搭配。如：Would you like to go with me?你想和我一起走嗎？Will you.? Would you like.?表示肯定含義的請(qǐng)求勸說(shuō)時(shí)，疑問(wèn)句中一般用 some,而不是any。如：Would you like some cake?你想要一些蛋糕嗎？六、had better的用法表示“最好”，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞，只有一種形式，后面要跟動(dòng)詞原形，否認(rèn)詞形 式為 had better noto如：It is pretty cold. Youd bette

13、r put on my coat.天很冷，你最好把我的大衣穿上。You had better go now你最好現(xiàn)在就走Hed(=He had) better do it now 他最好現(xiàn)在做Shed better not cry 她最好別哭 對(duì)may引出的問(wèn)句，可以有以下回答方式:含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的:問(wèn)句的回答:Yes,you may. Yes, of course. Yes, certainly. Sure . No, you mustnt No, you cant.對(duì) must 引出的疑問(wèn)句,回答方式為：Yes, .must. No,neednt/dont have to.could在疑問(wèn)句

14、中，表示委婉的語(yǔ)氣，此時(shí)could沒(méi)有過(guò)去式的意思。 $n：Could you do me a favour?你能幫我個(gè)忙嗎？ 一Could I use your pen?Yes, you can.可以。(回答不用 could). shall引出的疑問(wèn)句用于第一人稱(chēng)，表示征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)或客氣的請(qǐng)求。其回答 方式有以下幾種：Yes, please. All right. No, thank you.would you的回答方式有以下幾種：Yes, I will. (No, I wont.) Sure . (Fm sorry , I cant.) All right/ OK/ With pleasu

15、re.Certainly. (No, thank you .) Yes, please.例題】一Would you give me a hand and pass my thanks to Lily? 一.A.Thats right B.With pleasure C.It doesnt matter D.No trouble【解析】A.意為“對(duì)了 1 B.意為“樂(lè)意效勞”,C.意為“沒(méi)關(guān)系”D.意為不費(fèi) 事”。答案：B.will you?提問(wèn)回答方式，可以使yes, /no也可以。Id be glad to 不同情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的否認(rèn)意義也不同：(1) .can*可譯為“不會(huì)”，如：I can,t

16、play basketball.我不會(huì)打籃球。(2)當(dāng)句子表推測(cè)時(shí)，用can、表達(dá)不可能”，如:He cant be ill. He is playing chess with Tom.他不可能病了，他正和 Tom 下 棋呢。can戈還可用來(lái)回答“ May I”這樣的問(wèn)句。如：May I come in ? 我可以進(jìn)來(lái)嗎？ No, you mustrft. / canl 不，你不能。cant還可用于固定習(xí)語(yǔ)中。can5t help doing禁不住，情不自禁can wait to do sth迫不及待如：She can,t help crying,她不禁大哭起來(lái)。The children ca

17、n t wait to open the box.孩子們迫不及待地想翻開(kāi)盒子。may的否認(rèn)式為 may not,譯成“可能不，如：He may not be at home.他也 許不在家。(1) mustnt表示不許，不可。如：He mustrft leave his room.他不許離開(kāi)他 的房間。You mustnt talk in class.你們不可以在課上說(shuō)話。mustrft也可用于以may表示要求時(shí)的否認(rèn)回答中。如：一May I stand here? 我可以站在這里嗎？ 一No, you mustn,t (can，t).不，不 行。neednt 意為不必如：You neednt

18、 meet him unless youd like to.你不需要 見(jiàn)他，除非你愿意。shouldnt 表示不應(yīng)該。 如： You shouldnt feel so unhappy over such little things. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示推測(cè)的用法：一、“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形”表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在的推測(cè)。1、must表示肯定的推測(cè)100%的肯定，一般用于肯定句中。如： He must be at home because the light is still on.2、Should表示推測(cè)的可能性比較大，must的可能性 小一點(diǎn)。如：It is already 10 oclock now they

19、 should be there.3、can表示推測(cè)時(shí)一般用于否認(rèn)句或疑問(wèn)句。如： Who is knocking at the door? Can it be the postman?could表示推測(cè)時(shí)，語(yǔ)氣can比要弱，說(shuō)話者留有余地一Could it be an animal?一It could not be, because it is not moving.4、may表示推測(cè),用于肯定句。might也可以表推測(cè)只是表示其可能性較小于 may。如：The man may be your new teacher.一Where is Mr Li? 一He might be working

20、 in his office.【情態(tài)動(dòng)詞活學(xué)巧練】John come to see us tonight, but he isnt very sure yet.A. may B. can C. has to D. mustThey do well in the exam.A. can be able to B. be able to C. can able to D. are able to一May I take this book out? 一No, you.A. can*t B. may not C. neednt D. arent.You go and see a doctor at o

21、nce because youre got a fever.A. can B. must C. dare D. would一Can you speak Japanese? 一No, I.A. mustnt B. cant C. neednt D. may not一He be in the classroom, I think.一No, he be in the classroom. I saw him go home a minute ago.A. can; may not B. must; may not C. may; cant D. may; mustn*t一Shall I get on

22、e more cake for you, Dad? 一Thanks, but you, Ive had enough.A. may not B. must not C. cant D. needntEven the top students in our class cant work out this problem, so it bevery difficult.A. may B. must C. can D. needHe isnt at school. I think he be ill.A. can B. shall C. must D. has totake this one?A.

23、 May B. Will C. Are D. DoThe children play football on the road.A. cant B. can C. mustiVt D. mustYou be late for school again next time.A. mustnt B. neednt C. dont have to D. dont need to一Must I do my homework at once? 一No, you.A. neednt B. mustnt C. cant D. may notHis arm is all right. He go and se

24、e the doctor.A. has not to B. dont have to C. havent to D. doesnt have toYoud better late next time.A. not to be B. not be C. won*t be D. dont beYou*d better your hair once a month.A. had; cut B. had; cutted C. have; cut D. have; cuttedYou ask that man over there. Maybe he knows the way.A. had better not to B. had not better C. had better D. had better not一Shall we go and visit the History Museum next Sunday? 一