八年級英語下冊 Unit 1 Past and Present語法課件

1、現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)的含義是表示過去發(fā)生的或已完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。特點是既涉及過去，又聯(lián)系現(xiàn)在：動作是過去發(fā)生的，結(jié)果是現(xiàn)在存在的。 She has gone. (她走了。)從這句話中動詞所用的現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)可以看出“走”的動作是過去發(fā)生的，而對現(xiàn)在所造成的結(jié)果是她不在這里了。一、現(xiàn)在完成時的構(gòu)成1. 現(xiàn)在完成時的肯定句句型： 主語 + have /has +過去分詞。 We have lived in Beijing. He has lived in Beijing. I have finished my homework.movelivelovelike寫出下列動詞的過去式和過去分詞:

2、visitrepairwatchfinishvisited visited repaired repairedwatched watchedfinished finishedmoved moved lived lived loved loved liked liked verbed以e結(jié)尾d寫出下列動詞的過去式和過去分詞:stopmoptrapplanstopped stopped mopped moppedtrapped trappedplanned planned注:以一個輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)詞,雙寫最后一個輔音字母ed雙寫edstudy hurrystudied studiedhur

3、ried hurried去yied注:以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的詞,去yied.寫出下列動詞的過去式和過去分詞:begive seemake put comewritewas/were beengave givensaw seenmade madeput putcame comewrote written注:不規(guī)則動詞見書上121頁不規(guī)則動詞表.Making sentencesMr.Wu asks the students to complete the sentences below using the present perfect tense.Help them complete the se

4、ntences.They_ (finish) their homework.Mr and Mrs Li _(not come) back yet.John_ (play)this computer games a few times.We _ (not see)that film yetI _ (repair) over ten bicycles since last Monday.You _ (not visit) me for a long time.have finishedhave not comehas playedhave not seenhave repairedhave not

5、 visited改錯: 1.The students has cleaned the classroom. The classroom is clean now. 2.Mum has cook supper. Supper is ready now.3.I see the new film. It is interesting.4.His family lived here since 2000. 5. I try on the hat. It doesnt suit me.havecookedhave seenhave livedhave tried2. 現(xiàn)在完成時的否定句句型：主語 + h

6、ave/has+ not+過去分詞 I have not seen the movie yet. He hasnt been to Beijing since then)、句中有ever直接將ever變?yōu)閚ever)、若無ever，在助動詞havehas之后加notI / They/ We / You have arrived.He / She / It has Have you.? Has he.?Yes, I have Yes, he has.No, I havent. No, he hasnt . has not = hasnt have not= havent 現(xiàn)在完成時動詞構(gòu)成 ha

7、ve /has+v 過去分詞 助動詞否定haventhasnt疑問Have you?Has he?3.現(xiàn)在完成時的一般疑問句句型 Have/Has+主語+過去分詞+. Have you finished the work? Has she arrived here?4.現(xiàn)在完成時的特殊疑問句句型 特殊疑問詞+have/has+主語+過去分詞+.How many times have you been to the Great Wall?現(xiàn)在完成時1.過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。2.過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)動詞構(gòu)成：have/has+v過去分詞have breakfastI

8、 have just had my breakfast.(現(xiàn)在我不餓)Im not hungry nowmoved herein 2000I still live hereI have lived here for three years.I have lived here since 2000/three years ago.現(xiàn)在完成時用法二: 過去開始的動作或狀態(tài)一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在 1. 常用延續(xù)性動詞,如be, sleep, live, learn, stay, have, keep, work, walk, 2. 時間狀語須表達過去到現(xiàn)在的一段時間. for two years so fa

9、r since 短語, during the past 2 years since 從句 in the past 2 years表示一段時間的主要結(jié)構(gòu)2000 last week yesterday (evening) three weeks ago he joined the Party two years ago 1. for two weeks /years /hours/2. sincesince過去某一點時間 或過去某一結(jié)束性動詞標志詞：for +一段時間, since+過去的時間點, these years, so far, in the past/last yearsWe _ (

10、learn) English for three years/ since two years ago/since 2000.Mr. Green _ (be) in China these years.They _(write) 15 songs so far.The population _ (grow) more slowly in the past ten years.have learnedhas beenhave writtenhas grown1.The Jiangs _(live) here for almost ten years.2.He _(work) in the fac

11、tory since 1994.3.His parent _(teach) in this school since they came to the city.4.The child _(sleep)since two hours ago.have livedhas workedhas taughthas slept一、since短語或從句表示過去的動 作延續(xù)至今，since之后的時間為一點。 Mr. Smith has worked here since 1984. 1984年以來，史密斯先生一直在這工作。Hes learned about 5,000 English words sinc

12、e he went to college.他上大學以來大約學了五千個英語單詞。二、for短語表示動作延續(xù)多長時 間，for的賓語為時間段。 We have known each other for twenty years. 我們認識有二十年了。 I havent seen her for a long time. 我好久沒有見到她了。since 和for:1) Eddie has lived with Millie since 2001. Eddie has lived with Millie since 4 years ago. Eddie has lived with Millie si

13、nce he was born.小結(jié):since + 時間點 （ 詞、詞組或句子）2) Eddie has lived with Millie for four years.小結(jié):for + 時間段 3) 對以上句子劃線部分提問:How long has Eddie lived with Millie?We have learned English _ Grade Three in primary school.We have learned English _ five years.2.He hasnt felt well _ last night. Has he seen the doct

14、or?3. I have read this story book _ three days ago. I havent finished reading it yet.選用since 或for 填空:sinceforsincesince4. It has snowed _ two days. Everything is covered with snow.5. We have cleaned the classroom _ half an hour.6. We have studied at this school _ 2003.forforsince三、just, recently是完成時

15、的時間狀語，just now 有a moment ago 之意，是一般過去時的時間狀語。The train has just arrived. 火車剛到。Did you see Joan just now? 你剛才看到瓊了嗎？Have you heard from your family lately/recently? 你最近收到家人的來信了嗎？四、ever和never也是現(xiàn)在完成時常見的時間狀語。前者意思是“曾經(jīng)”，多見于疑問句或否定句中；后者意思是“從來沒有”，表示全部否定?！癏ave you ever seen the film?” “No. I have never seen it.

16、”“你曾經(jīng)看過這部影片嗎？” “沒有， 從來沒看過?！盢obody in our class has ever been there. 我們班沒有人去過那。五、already和yet常見于現(xiàn)在完成時中，有“已經(jīng)”之意。前者一般用在肯定句中，后者用在疑問句中。yet在否定句中有“還”之意?！癏as the bus left yet”? “Yes. It has already left.” (“No. It hasnt left yet.) “汽車開走了嗎？” “是的，已經(jīng)開走了?！?“不，還沒有開走。 ”六、 “already” 用于現(xiàn)在完成時的肯定句中, “yet” 用于現(xiàn)在完成時的否定句和

17、疑問句中. 用“already” “yet”填空。 He has ( ) visited many places in China. 注意 already 在句中的兩種位置. The train hasnt arrived （ ）. 火車（到現(xiàn)在）還沒有到。 Has she arrived （ ）? 她已經(jīng)到了嗎？Hasnt he come （ ）? 她還沒來嗎？alreadyyet yet yetConclusion 句式 位置 already ever for+時間段 just neversince+時間點 yet recently 陳述句 have/has后，句末 疑問句主語后肯/否定陳

18、述句,疑問句句末 陳述句have/has后否定陳述句have/has后肯/否定陳述句,疑問句 句末 否定陳述句,疑問句 句末肯/否定陳述句,疑問句句末I _ (do) my homework already.He _(not finished) his homework yet._you ever _ (be) to Haiwaii?We _ never _ (see) such an exciting match before.Mother _ just _(clean) the house. Please dont come in.They _(practice) this dialogu

19、e twice.have donehas not finishedHavebeenhaveseenhascleanedhave practicedI _( not hear) from her yet._they _(be) here recently? Yes, they have.I _(be) busy recently.-_your father ever _ (travel) to New York? -No,never. He _(not travel) by plane yet.havent heardHave beenhave beenHas travelledhasnt tr

20、avelled按要求進行句型轉(zhuǎn)換He has already finished his homework.(一般問句，并作肯定、否定回答)I have never been to Beijing before.(一般問句)They have learned around five units.(提問)Has he finished his homework yet ?Yes, he has.No, he hasnt. /Not yet.Have you ever been to Beijing before?What have they done?現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時的區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在完成時，強調(diào)

21、這一動作產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果對現(xiàn)在的影響，與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)。 一般過去時，僅僅表示在過去某一時刻曾發(fā)生過這一動作，與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)。 他已學英語五年了。 He has studied English for five years. 他曾學過五年英語。 He studied English for five years. （說明他還繼續(xù)學下去） （只說明他過去學過五年英語，但現(xiàn)在不學了。） 一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時有一些明顯的時間狀語。 遇到y(tǒng)esterday, Last year, in May, in+過去某一年，two days ago, the other day, just now等就用一般過去時 當有 ju

22、st,already,yet,so far, in the past/ last few days(在過去/最近的幾年里)，since接過去時間狀語或過去時的句子等常用現(xiàn)在完成時 牢記現(xiàn)在完成時不能與表示過去的時間連用， 包括疑問詞when現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時He _(work) in our school for one year.He _(come) to our school last year/in 2002.They _(cook) the supper already.They _ (cook) the supper half an hour ago.He _just _(pas

23、s) the exam.He _(pass) the exam just now.has workedcamehave cookedcookedhas passedpassed1.-_the film _(開始)? -Yes, it _ (開始)ten minutes ago.2.I (讀) this book. I _ (讀)it last Sunday.3._ you _ (完成) your homework? Yes. When_ you _ (完成)it? A minute ago.4. I wont see the film. I _ it(看了) . I _ (看)it last

24、week.5.-I (找到)a watch already. -Where _ you _it? -In the playground.Has begunbeganhave readreadHave finisheddid finishhave seensawhave founddid findClass is over.Class began five minutes agoClass has been on for five minutes.表示動作或狀態(tài)從過去開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在甚至將來Mike borrowed the books two days ago.Mike has kept t

25、he books for two days.所用的動詞無延續(xù)性,不與一段時間連用He has come to China for two years. (X) come to arrive in/at. be in get to He has been in China for two years. since two years ago. 翻譯下列句子：1. 我的哥哥是 2002 年參的軍。My brother joined the army in 2002.He has been in the army for 5 years.He has been a soldier since 5 y

26、ears ago.2. 他參軍已經(jīng) 5 年了。 He has bought the book. He has bought the book for a week. He has had the book for a week.有些動詞不能和for, since, how long 等連用She has bought the computer for two years.hadbuyhave/has hadHow long have you come to the United States？ been income tohave/has been inAnn has gone to Chin

27、a since three months ago.been ingo tohave/has been inI have got to Paris for one week .been ingot tohave/has been inMy brother has joined the army for five years. been inbeen a soldier join have/has been inhave/has been a soldier I have left Shanghai for 3 days. been away from Shanghai leave have/ha

28、s been away I have borrowed the dictionary since 3 days ago . kept borrow have/has kept The film has begun for 10 minutes. been on begin have/has been on The concert has finished for half an hour. been over finish have/has been over His dog has died for two years . been dead die have/has been dead S

29、he has married for six years . been married marry have/has been married 這本書我已經(jīng)借了三星期了。一般過去表達：I borrowed the book three weeks ago.用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)表達(用延續(xù)性動詞)I have kept the book for three weeks /since three weeks ago.用it is since 從句(用終止性動詞的過去式)It is three weeks since I borrowed the book.他到北京已經(jīng)有三天了。He arrived in

30、 Beijing three days ago.He has been in Beijing for three days /since three days ago.It is three days since he arrived in Beijing.Li Ming bought the e-dictionary for three weeks.Li Ming bought the e-dictionary three weeks ago.Li Ming has had the e-dictionary for three weeks.Li Ming has had the e-dict

31、ionary since three weeks ago.It is three weeks since Li Ming bought the e-dictionary.短暫性動詞轉(zhuǎn)換為延續(xù)性動詞1.buy -have(我買電腦兩年了.)2.borrow -keep(他借這本書三個星期.)3.begin to sleep/study/去掉begin to ( 他已睡了半個小時了.)4.move into -live in(他已搬進來三個月了.)5.leave home -be away from home (我已離家一年.)6.fall ill-be ill(Helen病了一周了)7.join

32、 the group-be in the group be a member of (我們加入電腦興趣小組已有兩年了.) 8. die-be dead (我爺爺死了兩個月了)9.get up- be up (他已起床一刻鐘了.)10.begin- be on (會議已開始十分鐘.)11. come to / arrive in /get to -be in (他已到南京三天了.)12. open /close-be open/be closed (門開/關(guān)了十分鐘了)1. turn on the radio-keep the radio on He turned on the radio an

33、 hour ago. He _ _ the radio _ for an hour. The radio _ _ _ for an hour.2. open the door-keep the door open I opened the door twenty minutes ago. I _ _ the door _ for 20 minutes. The door _ _ _ for 20 minutes. has kept onhas been onhave kept openhas been openhave/has gone to have/has been in have/has

34、 been to 1.A: Wheres Jim, Li Lei? B: He _his school library.2.The Greens _China for three years. We _the Great Wall twice. Its very beautiful.has gone tohave been inhave been to BAABB stay A她以前曾去過上海。 She has been to Shanghai before. 他在上海10年了。 She has been in Shanghai for ten years 他去上海了。He has gone

35、to Shanghai.1.He _ (wait) for an hour.2.I _(not finish) the work yet.3._ you _ (know) him since then?4.I _ (not hear) from my brother for a long time.5.We _ (be) there many times since 3 years ago. Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs.has waitedhavent finishedHave knownhavent heard

36、have been6.How long _ you _ (stay) at home already?7. He _ (not read) the book before.8.Her sister _ (go) to Changchun. She_ (leave) this morning.9.He _ (live) in his hometown since he left here.10.The writer _ (finish) several story-books since 1990.havestayedhasnt readhas gonelefthas livedhas fini

37、shed把下例句子譯成英語:1 南京自1995年以來發(fā)生了很大的變化.2 南京已經(jīng)成為一個現(xiàn)代化的城市.3你們在這個鄉(xiāng)村住了多久了?4他結(jié)婚了嗎?是的,他已經(jīng)結(jié)婚6年了.Nanjing has changed a lot since 1995.Nanjing has turned into a modern city.How long have you lived in the village?Has he got married?yes, he has been married for six years.用所給動詞的正確形式填空:1.I_ (mop) the floor already.2

38、.I_ (not wash) the clothes yet.3.Tom isnt here. He _( go )to the bank.4.The girl _( not give) it to me yet.5.Tom and Jill _ just _( buy) some flowers.6.They_ever_(study) in the school.have moppedhavehavent washedHass has gonehas givenhaveboughthavestudiedstudied7.We_ never_(see) such an interesting

39、film.8.My mother _ never _ ( be) to Shanghai before.9.Mike_(have) lunch already.10.Jill_(meet) me yesterday afternoon.11.The first class _already (beginhas begun methas hadhasbeenhaveseen1 I have already worked out this math problem? (改為否定句) I worked out the math problem _ .2 He has already finished

40、 the book.(改一般疑問句并做回答) _he the book _? Yes, he . No, he .4 I have got a book. (改一般疑問句并做肯定和否定回答) you a book? Yes, I . No, I .5 He has got a book. (改一般疑問句并做肯定和否定回答) he a book? yes, he .No, he_.haventyetHasfinishedyethashasntHavegothavehaventHas gothashasnt6. Millie has ever traveled to Beijing twice.(改一般疑問句并做肯定和否定回答,再改否定句和就劃線部分提問) _Millie _ _ to Beijing? Yes, she _ No. she _ Millie _ _tra