高考英語二輪復(fù)習課件(湖南用) 專題四閱讀理解 第1講主旨大意題

1、2010年以來湖南高考閱讀理解減為三篇，每篇5個題。考查考生對語篇的整體把握能力，并且還考查考生快速捕捉信息、準確理解特定細節(jié)以及復(fù)雜句子的能力?？忌粌H要正確理解文章的表層意思，還要能通過表層意思去合理推斷、挖掘文章的隱含意義和延伸意義。它是對考生知識和心理素質(zhì)的綜合檢驗。可以說，閱讀理解得分率的高低在很大程度上決定著英語考試的成敗。對此在提高閱讀能力的基礎(chǔ)上，還要把握閱讀理解的考查特點。其特點具體體現(xiàn)在以下三個方面。1體裁豐富，題材廣泛下面我們就近三年湖南高考閱讀理解文章進行簡要的分析。年份序號體裁主題2013A說明文介紹去英國旅游時幾條有效節(jié)省費用的方法B夾敘夾議文講述作者去拜訪一位貧困

2、山區(qū)教師的故事C說明文介紹一個充滿愛心，給讀者帶來便利的特殊圖書館年份序號體裁主題2012A記敘文由父親的一條短信引起的靈感B說明文描述人們在周末休息時可游覽的幾個地方C科技說明文介紹一種新發(fā)明的材料及其特點、用途2011A說明文介紹一家波斯小飯店B記敘文講述一個船舶工程師戰(zhàn)時的經(jīng)歷C說明文最近一項研究表明非洲大象被分為兩種截然不同的物種從以上表格可以看出：湖南高考英語閱讀理解涉及的話題及文章的主題均是考生較熟悉的。從體裁上來看，主要集中在說明文和記敘文，以考查考生對記人記事、評論說理以及概括說明的能力。2閱讀量大，長難句多復(fù)雜句式明顯增多，句子結(jié)構(gòu)富于變化，其篇章和句子結(jié)構(gòu)幾乎囊括了英語語法

3、中的所有語法現(xiàn)象，行文的跳躍程度較大，陳述次序富于變化，隱含信息較多。這就要求考生在較短時間內(nèi)分析長難句、突破生詞障礙，捕捉和準確理解文章的具體信息，并在此基礎(chǔ)上進行推理、歸納，作出正確的理解和判斷。3命題角度靈活，考查方式多樣閱讀理解在設(shè)計上從題干到選項都具有靈活巧妙、含蓄隱蔽等特點，考生必須在明確題意，排除干擾，找出依據(jù)的前提下，經(jīng)過深入思考才能定奪答案。湖南高考英語閱讀理解題主要考查的題型是細節(jié)理解題、推理判斷題、主旨大意題和猜測詞義題。細節(jié)理解題是考查的重點，近三年高考題中約占53%。預(yù)測2014年高考英語閱讀理解將延續(xù)近幾年高考閱讀理解的命題風格：體裁多樣，題材廣泛，將會涉及社會、文

4、化、經(jīng)濟、科普、新聞和廣告等多種題材，尤其是社會熱點問題，如環(huán)保和高科技等；試題設(shè)置以考查細節(jié)理解和推理判斷為主，兼顧主旨大意和詞義猜測等；考查的詞匯量將會加大，考生要在平時的復(fù)習中多積累詞匯以有效備考。第1講主旨大意題A(2013湖南高考)Planning a visit to the UK? Here we help with ways to cut your costs.AVOID BIG EVENTSBig sporting events, concerts and exhibitions can increase the cost of accommodation and make

5、it harder to find a room. A standard double room at the Thistle Brighton on the final Friday of the Brighton Comedy Festival(19 Oct. )cost 169.15 at Booking. com. A week later, the same room cost 118. 15.If you can be flexible and want to know dates to avoidor youre looking for a big event to pass y

6、our timecheck out sites such as Whatsonwhen. com, which allow you to search for events in the UK by city, date and category.STAY AWAY FROM THE STATIONIf traveling to your destination by train, you may want to find a good base close to the station, but you could end up paying more for the sake of con

7、venience at the start of your holiday.Dont be too choosy about the part of town you stay in. Booking two months in advance, the cheapest room at Travelodges Central Euston hotel in London for Saturday 22 September was 95.95. A room just a tube journey away at its Covent Garden hotel was 75.75. And a

8、t Farringdon，a double room cost just 62.95.LOOK AFTER YOURSELFReally central hotels in cities such as London, Edinburgh and Cardiff can cost a fortune，especially at weekends and during big events. As an alternative consider checking into a selfcatering flat with its own kitchen. Often these flats ar

9、e hidden away on the top floors of city centre buildings. A great example is the historic ONeill Flat on Edinburghs Royal Mile，available for 420 for five days in late September, with room for four adults.GET ON A BIKELondons Boris bikes have attracted the most attention, but other cities also have s

10、imilar programmes that let you rent a bicycle and explore at your own pace, saving you on public transport or car parking costs. Among the smaller cities with their own programmes are Newcastle (casual members pay around 1.50 for two hours) and Cardiff (free for up to 30 minutes, or 5 per day)1The m

11、ain purpose of the passage is _Ato tell visitors how to book in advanceBto supply visitors with hotel informationCto show visitors the importance of selfhelpDto offer visitors some moneysaving tips【解析】主旨歸納題。文章的開頭“Planning a visit to the UK？Here we help with ways to cut your costs.”是本文的主題句。所以正確答案是D?！?/p>

12、答案】DB(2013遼寧高考)Going green seems to be a fad (時尚)for a lot of people these that is good or bad，we cant really say，but for the two of us，going green is not a fad but a lifestyle.On April 22，2011，we decided to go green every single day for an entire meant doing 365 different green things，and it also m

13、eant challenging ourselves to go green beyond the easy than recycle and reduce our energy，we had to think of 365 different green things to do and this was no easy task.With the idea of going green every single day for a year，Our Green Year wife and I decided to educate people about how they could go

14、 green in their lives and hoped we could show people all the green things that could be done to help the wanted to push the message that every little bit helps.Over the course of Our Green Year，we completely changed our now shop at organic (有機的 ) stores. We consume less meat，choosing green food. We

15、have greatly reduced our buying we dont have given away half of what we owned through home is kept clean by vinegar and lemon juice，with no chemical make our own butter，enjoying the smell of homemade fresh our home office anyone caught doing something ungreen might be punished.Our minds have been ch

16、anged by Our Green are grateful for the chance to have been able to go green and educate believe that we do have the power to change things and help our planet.2What might be the best title for the passage?AGoing GreenBProtecting the PlanetCKeeping OpenMindedDCelebrating Our Green Year【解析】主旨大意題。概括文章

17、大意可知，文章主要介紹了我們夫妻二人追求綠色生活方式的行為。在本文中g(shù)oing green為關(guān)鍵詞，可概括文章主旨。B項概括范圍過大；C項意為“保持思維開放”，曲解了文章主旨；D項意為“慶祝我們的綠色之年，”概括范圍過小?！敬鸢浮緼C(2013天津高考)Poet William Stafford once said that we are defined more by the detours(繞行路) in life than by the narrow road toward like this it was quite by accident that I discovered the

18、deep meaning of his words.For years we made the long drive from our home in Seattle to my parents home in Boise in nine traveled the way most people do: the fastest，shortest，easiest road，especially when I was alone with four noisy，restless kids who hate confinement(限制) and have strong opinions about

19、 everything.Road trips felt risky，so I would drive fast，stopping only when I had would stick to the freeways and arrive tired.But then Banner，our lamb was was rejected by his mama days before our planned trip to had two choices：leave Banner with my husband，or take him with husband made the decision

20、for me.That is how I found myself on the road with four kids，a baby lamb and nothing but my everlasting optimism to see me took the country roads out of had to stop every hour，let Banner shake out his legs and feed kids chased him and one another.Theyd get back in the car breathless and energized，sm

21、elling fresh from the cold air. We explored side roads，catching grasshoppers in waisthigh if we simply looked out of the car windows at baby pigs following their mother，or fish leaping out of the water，it was better than the best ride down the was new horizons (見識)We eventually arrived at my parents

22、 doorstep astonishingly fresh and full of stories.I grew brave with the trip back home and creative with my disciplining an empty section of road，everyone started stopped the car，ordered all kids out and told them to meet me up parked my car half a mile away and read my book in sweet silence.Some ro

23、ad trips are by necessity fast and that trip with Banner opened our eyes to a world available to anyone adventurous enough to wander around and made me realize that a detour may uncover the best part of a journeyand the best part of yourself.3What could be the best title for the passage?ACharm of th

24、e DetourBThe Road to BraveryCCreativity out of NecessityDRoad Trip and Country Life【解析】主旨大意題。作者以詩人William Stafford對繞行道的理解引題，加上自己的親身經(jīng)歷，進一步理解了繞行道更深刻的意義它會讓你發(fā)現(xiàn)旅行中最好的部分，也發(fā)現(xiàn)最好的自己。這就講述了一個道理繞行道的魅力，故選A項。【答案】A根據(jù)閱讀理解對主旨大意的設(shè)問方式和主要測試點，在做主旨類考題時，可根據(jù)主題(subject)或中心思想(main idea)、寫作目的(purpose)、文章標題(title)不同的提問方式分別采用以下

25、策略。1尋找主題句(段)，確定主旨大意對考查文章或段落主旨大意類的題型，可采用尋覓主題句的方式來解題。主題句是文章的核心，它往往是一個有很強概括性和代表性的句子。找到了文章的主題句，文章的中心思想也就顯而易見了。(1)主題句(段)在文首在說明文、議論文和新聞報道類文體中多采用開頭點明主題的方式。因此，要尋找此類文章的主旨大意就要對文章的開頭段落倍加關(guān)注。(2)主題句(段)在文中有些文章開頭段落無明顯的主題句，或談及細節(jié)或提出問題，此后再點出主題。此類文章的主題句往往出現(xiàn)在文章的中部。(3)主題句(段)在文尾部分文章通篇敘事或者議論，直至文章最后才對全文作結(jié)論性的概括，闡述主旨。此類文章的主旨在

26、文章結(jié)尾才能得以體現(xiàn)。(4)首尾呼應(yīng)主題有些文章或段落在開頭和結(jié)尾都有主題句。這種結(jié)構(gòu)是為了突出主題思想，因而采用了兩次點題的寫作手法。此類首尾照應(yīng)主題的文章前后兩個主題在結(jié)構(gòu)和用詞上一般不會重復(fù)。(5)主題句(段)隱含在全文當中部分文章通常沒有明顯的主題句，隱約體現(xiàn)主旨指向，對此類文章就需要認真領(lǐng)會全文，然后對各段大意加以歸納和概括，得出文章的主旨。2抓主題詞，確定最佳標題標題是段落中心思想的精煉表達方式。標題可以是單詞、短語，也可以是句子，它高度概括了文章內(nèi)容，點明文章主題，它是文章中心思想最精煉的表達形式。如同選擇文章的主題思想一樣，標題要有概括性、全面性、針對性。確定標題時既要避免概括

27、不全，以部分代整體，或以事實細節(jié)代替具體的大意；也要避免概括過度，即脫離了文本內(nèi)容的過度發(fā)揮，導(dǎo)致標題范圍太大，缺乏針對性。標題選擇如同選帽子一樣必須大小合適才行。另外，標題既要簡潔、突出、新穎，還要具有醒目的特點，這樣才能吸引讀者。如例2。3領(lǐng)會意圖，辨清寫作目的每個文章都有一個特定的寫作目的，或是向讀者傳遞某個信息，或是娛樂讀者，或是講授某個道理。而這些信息通常不能明確表達出來，而是隱含在文章之中。因此，這類試題要求考生在理解文章總體內(nèi)容的基礎(chǔ)上領(lǐng)會作者的意圖。(2013湖南省五市十校高三聯(lián)合檢測)Bill Gates，the billionaire Microsoft chairman

28、without a single university degree，is by his success raising new doubts about the worth of the business worlds favorite academic title：the MBA (Master of Business Administration)The MBA，a 20th century product，always has borne the mark of lowly commerce and greed on the treelined campuses ruled by pu

29、rer disciplines such as philosophy and literature.But even with the recession apparently cutting down the hiring of business school graduates，about 79，000 people were expected to receive MBAs in 1993.This was nearly 16 times the number of business graduates in 1960.“If you are going into the corpora

30、te world，it is still a disadvantage not to have one，”said Donald Morrison，professor of marketing and management science.“But in the last five years or so，when someone says，Should I attempt to get an MBA？，the answer isIt depends.”The success of Bill Gates and other nonMBAs，such as the late Sam Walton

31、 of WalMart Stores Inc.，has helped inspire selfconscious debates on business school campuses over the worth of a business degree and whether management skills can be taught.Harvard Business Review printed a lively，fictional exchange of letters to dramatize complaints about business degree article ca

32、lled MBA hires“extremely disappointing”and said “MBAs want to move up too fast，they dont understand politics and people，and they arent able to function as part of a team until their third by then，theyre out looking for other jobs.”The problem，most participants in the debate acknowledge，is that the M

33、BA has acquired an aura (氣氛) of future riches and power far beyond its actual importance and usefulness.Business people who have hired or worked with MBAs say those with the degrees of ten know how to analyze systems but are not so skillful at motivating people.【語篇解讀】工商管理碩士學位是否值得擁有？本文主要以世界商業(yè)巨頭比爾蓋茨和很

34、多成功人士都沒有這一學位為例，對此提出質(zhì)疑。1According to Paragraph 2，what is the general attitude towards the MBA on campuses ruled by purer disciplines?AEnvious.BRealistic.CScornful. DAppreciative.【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“always has borne the mark of lowly commerce and greed”可知，the MBA有著“低俗商業(yè)和貪婪”的評價，即對the MBA持輕蔑的態(tài)度，故C項正確?！敬鸢浮?/p>

35、C2It seems that the argument over the value of MBA degrees is fueled mainly by _Athe complaints from many employersBthe success of many nonMBAsCthe criticism from the scientists of purer disciplinesDthe poor performance of MBAs at work【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中的“The success of Bill Gates and other nonMBAs，suc

36、h as the late.has helped inspire selfconscious debates”可知B項正確。【答案】B3What is the major weakness of MBA holders according to the Harvard Business Review?AThey are usually selfcentered.BThey are aggressive and greedy.CThey keep complaining about their jobs.DThey are not good at dealing with politics an

37、d people.【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段第二句中的“MBAs want to move up too fast，they dont understand politics and people，and they arent able to function as part of a team until their third year.”可知，他們不理解政治和人際交往，不能處理好團隊協(xié)作，故D項正確。【答案】D4From the passage we know that most MBAs _Acan climb the corporate ladder fairly quickly

38、Bquit their jobs once they are familiar with their workmatesCreceive salaries that do not match their professional trainingDcherish unrealistic expectations about their future【解析】推理推斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“the MBA has acquired an aura(氣氛)of future riches and power far beyond its actual importance and usefulnes

39、s.”可知D項正確?！敬鸢浮緿5What is the passage mainly about?AWhy there is an increased enrollment in MBA programs.BThe necessity of reforming MBA programs in business schools.CDoubts about the worth of holding an MBA degree.DA debate held recently on university campus.【解析】主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，本文主要是借商業(yè)巨頭比爾蓋茨的例子對是否應(yīng)該擁有工

40、商管理碩士學位提出質(zhì)疑，故C項正確。【答案】CB(2013湖南長沙二模)When I was about twelve，I headed to a restaurant for dinner with my was winter，and on that particular night，the wind was really my mom and I headed towards the restaurant from our car，a girl about my age and her mother came up to asked if we had any spare mom imme

41、diately asked where they kept their pointed to an old car in a parking across the girl said there were six of them living in that car，which was the same size as my own family.My mom said she had something to do after handing the people a few sent me inside the restaurant with my dad and my three she

42、 didnt come.Later，I found out she had gone home and practically emptied our cupboards into a few ，she brought that food over to the car and handed the bags to the wasnt there when that part happened，but I can only imagine the joy it brought to their faces.A few days later，when I actually found out a

43、bout what she had done，I asked her why she helped those told me that they were not remember the face of that girl who had asked us for change；she was the same age as me，yet we looked so different.Here I stood，dressed in almost new clothes，headed to dine in a restaurant and then back home to the bedr

44、oom I shared with my younger remember thinking that the girl didnt have any food to eat and that she was heading back to a cold car shared with five other people.After painting this picture in my mind，I understood why my mom had done what she will never forget what she did that night，and how she taught me one of the